DISSOLUTION OF La IN KCI-NaCl AND LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl MELTS

Dissolutionof La in KCl-NaCl and LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl melts has been investigated by meansof a transparent cell,cyclic voltammetry and EHMO of quantum chemistry.It is shown thatthe La dissolved in KCl-NaCl melt exists in a metallic state,the La dissolved inLaCl_3-KCl-NaCl melt can be ionized into La~(2+) as a result of reaction with La~(3+),furthermore,the La~(2+) reacts with La~(3+) forming atom cluster La_m~(n+) which is a stable state inthe melt.     

La在液态Al—Si合金中的扩散研究

本文用阳极溶解计时电位法,对稀土金属La在液态Al-Si合金中的扩散系数进行了测定。结果表明,973K,La浓度18.0×10~(-4)mol·cm~(-3)时,La在Al-5.2wt-％Si合金液中的扩散系数平均值DLa(Al-SI)=(0.91±0.01)×10~(-5)cm~2·S~(-1)。在953-1053K温度范围内,求得La在合金液中的扩散系数与温度间存在下列关系: lgDLa(Al-SI)=-1.78×10~(-3)-4909/T同时求得扩散激活能Q=94.00kJ·mol~(-1)。为了便于分析比较,对Sr在某些条件下的扩散系数也进行了测试。通过La,Sr扩散数据的比较,分析了变质元素的扩散对变质过程中出现的潜伏期,临界冷却速度等问题的影响。     

新型热障涂层陶瓷La2-xGdxWMoO9的制备及其热物理性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶自蔓延合成工艺,以Gd3+作为掺杂离子,以(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O,H40N10O41W12·xH2O及La(NO3)3·6H2O为前驱体原料,合成了La2-xGdxWMoO9系(LGWMO,x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)陶瓷粉体。通过放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备出LGWMO系高致密陶瓷材料,借助XRD、激光热导仪、热膨胀系数测试仪、SEM等分析技术对材料的物相组成、热扩散系数、热膨胀系数、微观形貌等性能进行表征;研究了Gd3+离子掺杂量对LGWMO系材料热导率、热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明:少量Gd3+的掺杂(x<0.1)能降低La2WMoO9陶瓷材料的热导率,但不利于La2WMoO9陶瓷热膨胀系数的提高;在Gd3+掺杂量x=0.1时,La1.9Gd0.1WMoO9陶瓷材料具有最佳的热物理性能:热导率λ=0.65W·m-1·K-1(T=298K);热膨胀系数αL=15.04×10-6K-1(T=1273K)。     

La2O3/CeO2颗粒尺寸对Ni-La2O3/CeO2复合电镀层高温氧化性能的影响（英文）

通过向普通硫酸镍电镀液中添加一定含量的微米或纳米La2O3/CeO2颗粒,采用复合电镀制备微米或纳米La2O3/CeO2颗粒分布的Ni基复合镀层,并研究La2O3/Ce O2颗粒尺寸对Ni-La2O3/CeO2复合镀层在1000°C抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:与普通Ni镀层相比,Ni-La2O3/CeO2复合镀层中的La2O3/Ce O2颗粒通过溶解扩散进入氧化膜中,阻碍Ni的外扩散,从而降低氧化速度;此外,与La2O3/CeO2纳米颗粒相比,La2O3/Ce O2微米颗粒在氧化初期还起到扩散障碍层的作用,对阻碍Ni的外扩散具有更强的作用。     

稀土La在纳米晶（W, Ni, Fe, La）复合粉末烧结过程中的作用机理

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥法制备纳米晶(W,Ni,Fe,La)复合粉末,研究了粉末在烧结过程中La对抑制鼓泡和晶粒长大的作用机理,通过XRD与SEM分析了La在烧结过程中的相转变规律和在合金中的存在形式,讨论了稀土La对合金液相烧结过程中扩散的影响。结果表明:稀土La在纳米复合粉末中主要以La2WO6与La4W2O15的形式存在。经液相烧结后,稀土La主要以二次相颗粒的形式分布于粘结相中,生成高温下能稳定存在的La4W2O15相,该相对杂质元素Ca、O具有很好的亲和力,起到晶界净化和晶内净化的作用。同时二次相颗粒存在于粘结相中,抑制了W在粘结相中的扩散,降低了W在粘结相中的溶解度,使得液相烧结溶解-析出过程减慢,从而抑制液相烧结阶段的晶粒长大和鼓泡现象。     

La2O3与Sb2O3掺杂钛酸锶钡陶瓷的介电性能及相变（英文）

采用固相法制备La2O3与Sb2O3掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷,研究其介电性能及相变特性。通过X射线衍射法分析体系微观结构并利用扫描电镜观察其表面微观形貌。(La,Sb)共掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷具有典型的钙钛矿结构,且随着Sb2O3掺杂量的增多其平均粒径显著减小。La3+离子以及Sb3+离子均占据钙钛矿晶格的A位。La2O3与Sb2O3添加量的改变显著影响钛酸锶钡基陶瓷的介电常数以及介电损耗。La2O3改性的钛酸锶钡陶瓷其四方?立方相变为二级相变,且居里温度随着La2O3掺杂量的增多向低温方向移动。(La,Sb)共掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷则体现为弥散相变,随着Sb2O3含量的增大而偏离居里-外斯定律越显著。由于Sb3+离子对晶格原位离子的取代使得(La,Sb)共掺杂的钛酸锶钡陶瓷的介电常数最大值下的温度亦随着Sb2O3含量的增大而降低。     

LaCl3—MgCl2—LiCl三元体系液相限的研究

借助DTA研究了LaCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl三元体系的液相限,发现本体系内有对应于LaCl_3和α-固溶体(MgCl_2,LiCl)的两个液相面,一条二次结晶线和它的一个最低点M(63.8wt-%LaCl_3,2.0wt-%MgCl_2,34.2wt-%LiCl;492℃),结合液相限的测定,初步探讨了LnCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl体系(Ln=La,Ce,Pr及Nd)相图中的某些变化规律。     

稀土空位锰氧化物(La(1-x-y)Yy)2/3Ca1/3MnO3的结构和输运性质

用固相反应法制备了La(1-x)2/3Cai/3MnO3(V-LCMO)和(La(0.7-x)Y0.3)2/3Cai/3MnO3)(V-LYCMO)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.10)系列La空位锰氧化物样品.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明:所有的样品均为单相,具有正交对称性(Pnma).La(1-x)2/3Cai/3MnO3系统和(La(0.7-x)Y0.3)2/3Cai/3MnO3系统的晶格参数以及Mn-O键长和Mn-O-Mn键角随La空位浓度不同而改变,说明在室温系统中存在Jahn-Teller效应.对于V-LYCMO系统,其晶格参数、Mn-O键长和Mn-O-Mn键角都比V-LCMO相应的值更小,这可能与离子半径小的Y3 部分替代La3 导致更大的晶格畸变有关.V-LCMO系统随着空位浓度的增大,绝缘体-金属的转变温度TMI几乎不变.在x=0.04时MR值在温度TMI处达到最大值,约为220%(8T).而对V-LYCMO系统,其转变温度TMI约为50 K,在温度40～50 K左右最大的磁电阻值超过106%.认为很大的磁电阻效应与用离子半径小的Y部分替代离子半径大的La有关,它会破坏双交换作用,从而导致Jahn-Teller效应.     

熔融铝同含NaCl和MgF_2电解质的相互作用

电解铝时部分金属损失,引起电流效率不足100％。该损失的第一阶段是铝在电解质中的溶解,同时生成低价铝化物和析出金属钠,反应式为: Al+3Na~+→3Na+Al~(3+) (1) 2Al+Al~(3+)→3Al~+ (2) 电解质中加入不同的盐能对反应引起重大影响。比如,单独往电解质中加入NaCl和MgF_2时,由于Al~(3+)离子活度降低,铝损失减少。     

COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION OF STRUCTURE OF CRYOLITE MELT

用Monte Carlo法对冰晶石熔体结构作计算机模拟研究。计算了1283K的3NaF·AlF_3熔体中离子分布的各种偏径向分布函数和若干局部结构的表征函数。结果表明:冰晶石熔化后,AIF_63-中部分F-离子远离Al~(3+)离子,和Na~+离子组成xNa~+·yF-离子集团。AlF_63-部分解体成为可用AlF_4-,AlF_52-代表的局部结构。部分Al~(3+)通过Al-F-Al(氟桥)连接,组成Al_2F_7-等离子集团。计算还表明:冰晶石熔体中自由体积的分布不均匀,xNa~+·yF-集团内部以及AlF_4-和xNa~+·yF-之间缝隙较大。     

La~(3+)掺杂Y_2O_3透明陶瓷制备及发光性能

以Y2O3为基质材料,掺杂不同含量的La3+,采用机械力化学法制备纳米粉,粉体压制后在真空度1×10-3Pa下烧结得到La3+掺杂Y2O3透明陶瓷。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察粉体一次颗粒形貌,扫描电镜(SEM)观察样品表面形貌,HV-1000型维氏硬度计测定样品硬度和断裂韧性,阿基米德法测定烧结后试样的相对密度,自动记录分光光度计测定试样透过率。结果表明:制备的La3+∶Y2O透明陶瓷透光率可达80%,掺杂La3+可以显著降低La3+∶Y2O3透明陶瓷的烧结温度;随着La2O3添加量的提高,样品透光率逐渐提高,但La2O3添加量过大会造成点阵畸变严重;随着La2O3添加量的提高,样品相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性均逐渐提高,最后趋于平稳;随着保温时间延长,样品透光率也逐渐增大,继续增大保温时间,透光率趋于平缓。结合样品的透光率、相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性考虑可知La2O3适合掺杂量、烧结温度和保温时间分别为10at%、1550℃和3h。     

Synthesis and enhanced luminescence properties of double perovskite NaLa_(0.95-x)Y_xEu_(0.05)MgWO_6 phosphors

Double perovskite Na(La,Y)MgWO_6:Eu~(3+)phosphors were obtained by the sol-gel method.X-ray diffractometer(XRD) patterns,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images and photoluminescence properties were carried out to study the effect of polyethylene glycol(PEG).Enhanced optical properties were obtained by adding 3 wt% PEG under the excitation of 395 nm.Y~(3+)with smaller radius was selected to substitute La~(3+) in this host to decrease the symmetry and further enhance the luminescence properties.With Y~(3+)concentration increasing,Na_2WO_4 and Y_(30)W_8O_(69) phases came up.The emission spectra showed different shapes,and the emission intensity was enhanced by doping Y~(3+).Under the excitation of 395 and 465 nm,the emission intensity reached the maximum.The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage(CIE)coordinates of the phosphors were on the edge of the CIE diagram,illustrating that this double perovskite phosphor showed good color purity.Above luminescence properties showed that the synthesized phosphors had great potential in solid-state lighting.     

LIQUIDUS OF TERNARY SYSTEM LaCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl

Two surfaces correponding to LaCl_3 and α-solid solution(MgCl_2.LiCl) respectively:and one secondary crystallization curve with a minimum M at 63.8 wt-％ LaCl_3,2.0 wt-％MgCl_2,34.2 wt-％ LiCl and 492℃ were fonud by means of DTA.In combination withliquidus determination.an approach was also made to the alteration in LnCl_3-MgCl_2-LiClsvstem,where Lu denotes La.Ce.Pr or Nd.     

Synthesis and microwave absorbing properties of La-doped Sr-hexaferrite nanopowders via sol-gel auto-combustion method

La-doped Sr-hexaferrite(Sr_(1-x)La_xFe_(12)O_(19))(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20) nanopowders with particle size ranging from 80 to 110 nm were successfully synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion. The phase formation temperature increases, while the particle size decreases as the Ladoping content goes up. The partial substitution of Sr~(2+) by La~(3+) results in the suppression effects on the growth-up of the crystallites and the enhancement of the electron hopping between Fe~(3+) with different valences, which leads to the improvement in the dielectric loss and magnetic loss.Therefore, both the microwave absorbing abilities and absorbing frequency ranges are tuned by La-doping. The synthesized Sr-hexaferrite nanopowders with doping element content of 0.10 demonstrate the fine broad microwave absorbing properties.     

Photocatalytic activity of perovskite SrTiO_3 catalysts doped with variable rare earth ions

In this work,15 types of rare earth(Re) ions,including Y~(3+),La~(3+),Ce~(3+),Pr~(3+),Nd~(3+),Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+),Gd~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+),Ho~(3+),Er~(3+),Tm~(3+),Yb~(3+) and Lu~(3+)doped perovskite SrTiO_3 powders were synthesized by solgel method.The influence of Re ions doping on the crystal structure,morphology and optical property as well as the photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of rhodamine B(RhB) was investigated in detail when the synthesized Re ions doped SrTiO_3 powders were served as catalysts.The presented results revealed that the crystal structure is invariable,whereas the morphology and the optical bandgap are variable for the resultant SrTiO_3 powders when different Re ions were incorporated into the SrTiO_3 lattice.The relatedness between the morphology,optical property and photocatalytic activity of the synthesized SrTiO_3 catalysts doped with variable Re ions were analyzed deeply,providing an insight into the influence factors on the photocatalytic activity of catalysts.     

离子掺杂对纳米TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备含有不同掺杂离子的TiO2溶胶和纳米粉,采用浸渍提拉法将溶胶涂敷在自制的多孔陶瓷膜件上,考察其对蚁酸溶液(1%)的光降解作用。研究结果表明,在适宜掺杂浓度(1?3 ,0.5%La3 (摩尔浓度))下,Fe3 /La3 -TiO2膜的光催化性能最好。采用X射线衍射仪分析、原子力电子显微镜和吸收光谱仪等研究单独掺杂Fe3 、La3 和复合掺杂Fe3 /La3 离子的作用及膜的性能,从而确定出提高TiO2光催化活性的最佳掺杂工艺。     

Electrochemical performance of C-La~(3+) codoped LiFePO_4 synthesized by microwave heating

La3+ was selected to elevate the lattice electronic conductivity of LiFePO4,and LiFePO4/(C+La3+) cathode powders were synthesized by microwave heating using a domestic microwave oven for 35 min. The microstructures and morphologies of the synthesized materials were investigated by XRD and SEM. The electrochemical performances were evaluated by galvanostatic charge-discharge. The electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 with different La3+ contents was studied. Results indicated that the initial specific disch...     

Structures and electrochemical performances of La_(0.75-x)Zr_xMg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1) (x=0-0.2) electrode alloys prepared by melt spinning

The La-Mg-Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys with nominal composition La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x=0,0.05, 0.1,0.15,0.2)were prepared by casting and melt-spinning.The influences of melt spinning on the electrochemical performances as well as the structures of the alloys were investigated.The results obtained by XRD,SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure,consisting of two main phases(La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2.The melt spinning leads to an obvious increase of the LaNi5 phase and a decrease of the(La,Mg)Ni3 phase in the alloys.The results of the electrochemical measurement indicate that the discharge capacity of the alloys(x≤0.1)first increases and then decreases with the increase of spinning rate,whereas for x0.1,the discharge capacity of the alloys monotonously falls.The melt spinning slightly impairs the activation capability of the alloys,but it significantly enhances the cycle stability of the alloys.     

快淬La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金的电化学性能及微观结构

采用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La—Mg-Ni系（PuNi3型）贮氢合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-Co0.45Cux（x=0～0．4），分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能与微观结构，研究了Cu替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构，包括（La，Mg）Ni3相和LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相。快淬处理对合金的相组成没有影响，但使合会的衍射峰趋于均匀一致。Cu替代Ni使合金的电化学容量下降，但使合金的循环稳定性及放电电压特性得到改善。快淬可提高合金的循环稳定性，但使合金的容量下降。