人工模拟体液中Ti,Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的缝隙腐蚀行为（英文）

采用电化学方法研究了工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中缝隙腐蚀行为。Ringer’s人工体液中恒电位400 m V的试验结果表明,工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样均发生缝隙腐蚀,随着介质温度的升高,缝隙腐蚀倾向加剧。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中Ti-6Al-4V合金的腐蚀电位较正,反应电阻增大,阳极极化性能优于工业纯钛和Ti-Ni SMA,提高了抗缝隙腐蚀性能。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中推导出工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样的缝隙腐蚀动力学方程为:iT,CPTi=0.028 e-2×10-4 t,iT,Ti-6Al-4V=0.0149 e-3×10-4 t,和iT,Ti-Ni SMA=0.4712 e-7×10-4 t表明缝隙腐蚀过程受缝隙表面氯化物盐膜的溶解控制。     

人工模拟体液中Ti,Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的缝隙腐蚀行为（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

采用电化学方法研究了工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中缝隙腐蚀行为。Ringer’s人工体液中恒电位400 m V的试验结果表明,工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样均发生缝隙腐蚀,随着介质温度的升高,缝隙腐蚀倾向加剧。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中Ti-6Al-4V合金的腐蚀电位较正,反应电阻增大,阳极极化性能优于工业纯钛和Ti-Ni SMA,提高了抗缝隙腐蚀性能。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中推导出工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样的缝隙腐蚀动力学方程为:iT,CPTi=0.028 e-2×10-4 t,iT,Ti-6Al-4V=0.0149 e-3×10-4 t,和iT,Ti-Ni SMA=0.4712 e-7×10-4 t表明缝隙腐蚀过程受缝隙表面氯化物盐膜的溶解控制。     

人工模拟体液中pH值对离子注N人体医用合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术研究了在人工模拟体液中pH值变化对离子注N人体用SUS316L不锈钢,Co-Cr合金,工业纯Ti和Ti-6Al-4V合金腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,随着pH值的降低,试样的腐蚀电位负移,SUS316L不锈钢和Co-Cr合金的点蚀电位与缝隙腐蚀电位降低,使材料发生局部腐蚀的敏感性提高,工业纯Ti和Ti-6Al-4V合金的腐蚀电流密度增大,提高离子释放速度,加大对人体的潜在生理危害。     

Ti-75合金在人工唾液中的腐蚀性实验研究

选择生物材料,在考虑该材料的生物相容性的同时,还要测试该材料在应用环境中的腐蚀性.为探讨Ti-75作为口腔修复材料的可能性,进行了腐蚀性研究.实验是在351型电化学腐蚀系统上进行的,以人工唾液为电解质,测试了Ti-75、TC4、TA2三种软材和临床常用的钴铬合金、镍铬合金的腐蚀性能.结果表明,钛材的自腐蚀电位(Ecoor)高于钴铬合金和镍铬合金,而两种钛合金又高于纯钛,因此,从Ecoor值来看,五种材料的耐蚀顺序应为两种钛合金,纯钛.钴铬合金,镍铬合金.从阳极极化曲线看,当电位升到0.23V时,三种钛材的电流基本不再增加,即进入稳态钝化状态.而且电位从0.23V升到1.2V时,仍处于钝化区,未发现过钝化现象.阳极极化     

模拟人体体液中放电等离子烧结生物医用Ti2448合金的腐蚀行为研究

利用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱方法研究了放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备的生物医用Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn(Ti2448)合金在Hank's模拟人体体液中的电化学腐蚀行为及腐蚀机理,并与工业纯钛(TA1)和Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金进行了比较。结果表明:与TA1和TC4合金相比,在37℃的Hank's溶液中SPS烧结Ti2448合金具有最小的腐蚀电位与致钝电流密度、接近的腐蚀电流密度以及最大的极化电阻,3种材料耐腐蚀性能好坏依次为Ti2448TC4TA1。     

热处理对激光选区熔化Ti6Al4V合金电化学腐蚀行为的影响

通过激光选区熔化技术制备沉积态的Ti6Al4V合金,并在800℃下进行热处理,优化组织结构,探索两种状态下Ti6Al4V合金在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,沉积态的Ti6Al4V合金相组织主要由细针状α'马氏体相以及初生β相组成;而经热处理后,转变为板条状的α相+剩余β相,组织更为均匀、单一。电化学测试结果表明,两种状态的Ti6Al4V合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中均发生自发钝化。热处理对合金表面阴极过程没有明显影响,但通过降低阳极反应速率使开路电位及自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度下降至沉积态的1/5。两种状态下Ti6Al4V合金表面均可形成致密钝化膜,且热处理后表面形成的钝化膜更致密、更厚。热处理后合金表面极化电阻值约是沉积态的3.8倍,表明钝化膜保护性更为优异。这一结果表明,热处理可显著优化合金组织结构,提高激光熔化技术制备的Ti6Al4V合金耐蚀性。在较为苛刻的服役环境中,建议采用热处理态的合金作为结构件。     

网状和片状氧化涂层阳极在电解锌过程中的电化学行为（英文）

研究两个网状和一个片状氧化涂层阳极在38°C的电解锌溶液中的催化性能,并与通用的Pd-0.7%Al合金的电化学性能进行对比。采用电化学测试方法进行实验,如循环动电位法、恒电流法、动电位法、开路电位法和原位电化学噪音法。经过2 h的开路电位实验,线性极化结果表明:网状Ti/(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5)电极显示出非常好的性能,其腐蚀电流密度在三个氧化涂层阳极中是最低的(3.37μA/cm~2)。此外,在50 m A/cm2和38°C的条件下,经过24 h的恒电流极化试验,网状Ti/MnO_2阳极有最高的电位(1.799 V),紧随其后的是片状Ti/(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5)(1.775V)和网状Ti/(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5)阳极(1.705 V)。经过24 h的恒电流极化和16 h时的电位衰退实验后,线性极化方法验证了经过2 h的开路电位实验得出的结果,即网状Ti/(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5)阳极有最低的腐蚀电流。网状Ti/(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5)阳极在24 h极化后显示出更好的性能,并与通用的Pb-0.7%Al合金进行相比,过电位低~245 mV。     

Hank‘s人工模拟体液中离子注氮对4种植入金属材料腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术研究了离子注氮对SUS316L不锈钢，Co-Cr合金，工业纯钛和Ti-6Al-4V植入合金在Hank’s人工模拟体液中腐蚀行为的影响。腐蚀电位和极化曲线的测量结果表明，注氮使4种植入金属材料的腐蚀电位正移，钝化电位区间扩大，耐蚀性明显提高。注氮的工业纯钛和Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐蚀性最佳，其钝化区拓宽为4V以上。通过AES分析发现，离子注氮后钛及其合金表面形成的氮化钛膜层及弥散的氮化钛析出相的化学效应，使基体电化学性能得到提高。注氮的Co-Cr合金的耐蚀性略优于SUS316L不锈钢。Co-Cr合金表面形成的钴氮化合物相对基体起到保护作用，降低了腐蚀速率。SUS316L不锈钢表面形成铁和铬氮化合物膜，有效地阻止了Cr^3 的水解，且氮离子注入促进Fe3O4的产生，提高了耐腐蚀性能。     

TC4钛合金汽车连杆的精密模锻

对两种不含钒元素的新型钛合金(Ti75合金，TiZr合金)及Ti6Al4V合金的腐蚀行为进行了研究，尤其是在体外将0．9％NaCl溶液、细胞培养液及活性细胞等作为腐蚀液，比较了几种钛合金的腐蚀行为。结果表明几种钛合金在自腐蚀电位(Er)、腐蚀电位(Ec)和维钝电流密度(Ip)等方面均表现出良好的电化学行为。其生物腐蚀行为在接近人体生理环境的细胞培养液及活性细胞环境中，与在0．9％NaCl溶液中有很大差异。Ti75合金与TiZr合金在生物环境中比Ti6A14V合金具有更高的稳定性。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金氮离子注入后在Tyrode’s体液中的耐蚀耐磨性能

Ti-6Al-4V合金注入氮离子后,生物相容性、抗磨损性、抗疲劳性及抗腐蚀性均有所提高,其植入人体后在体液中的耐蚀耐磨性能尤为重要,目前对此研究较少。对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行氮离子注入,并在人工模拟体液Tyrode’s溶液中进行摩擦磨损和电化学试验,研究了注氮Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐蚀耐磨性能。采用扫描电镜观察腐蚀形貌,用其自带的能谱仪分析注氮层的元素组成,采用X射线衍射仪分析注氮层的结构。结果表明:Ti-6Al-4V氮离子注入后表面形成主要由TiC,Ti及少量TiO2组成的膜层,硬度提高,在Tyrode’s溶液中的腐蚀电位升高、极化电阻增大,阳极极极化电流密度降低;在Tyrode’s溶液中摩擦后的注氮Ti-6Al-4V合金的阳极极化电流密度大于未摩擦的,极化电阻减小;Ti-6Al-4V合金氮离子注入后的摩擦系数明显降低,比磨损率减少。     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies of titanium and its alloys in saline medium

The influence of potential on electrochemical behaviour of pure Ti, Ti‐6Al‐7Nb, and Ti‐6Al‐4V ELI alloy under saline conditions were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All measurements were carried out in saline solution (0.9% NaCl) at different impressed potentials (corrosion potential (E_corr), 0 mV (SCE) and + 500 mV (SCE)) for 1 h. The experimental results were compared with those obtained by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The corrosion current densities obtained for the titanium alloys showed lower values than for pure Ti, indicating the formation of a stable passive film with time. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies indicated that the resistance of the passive film increased with the impressed potential. The impedance spectra were fitted using a non‐linear least square (NLLS) fitting procedure. The magnitude of the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys under saline solution was compared and results are presented.     

盐雾腐蚀条件下Ti合金表面功能薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

目的研究Ti6Al4V合金、铬掺杂类金刚石(Cr-DLC)薄膜、钨掺杂类金刚石(W-DLC)薄膜和氮化钛(TiN)薄膜,在干摩擦和盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。方法在商用Ti6Al4V合金表面通过非平衡磁控溅射制备Cr-DLC薄膜和W-DLC薄膜,通过多弧离子镀技术制备TiN薄膜。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、白光干涉扫描轮廓仪,对薄膜的形貌、硬度、干摩擦和腐蚀摩擦性能、磨痕形貌进行测试分析。结果干摩擦条件下,Ti6Al4V合金表面沉积Cr-DLC、W-DLC和TiN三种薄膜的摩擦系数均比Ti6Al4V合金低;Ti6Al4V合金及其表面制备的三种薄膜在盐雾腐蚀气氛条件下的摩擦系数都比干摩擦条件下有所增加。与Ti6Al4V合金相比,Cr-DLC、W-DLC和TiN三种薄膜在干摩擦和盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下均减小了磨损体积。干摩擦条件下,W-DLC薄膜的磨损体积为0.0017 mm~3,耐磨性最好;盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下,TiN薄膜的磨损体积为0.0028 mm~3,表现出最佳的耐腐蚀磨损性能。通过磨痕形貌可以得出,盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下,Ti6Al4V合金表面制备的金属掺杂类金刚石薄膜的磨损受到磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损双重机制的影响。结论三种表面功能薄膜在盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下都较好地保护了Ti合金,极大地减少了磨损损失。     

Effect of thermal oxidation on the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy in hydrochloric and nitric acid medium

The characteristics of Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to thermal oxidation in air atmosphere at 650 °C for 48 h and its corrosion behavior in 0.1 and 4 M HCl and HNO₃ medium are addressed. When compared to the naturally formed oxide layer (～4–6 nm), a relatively thicker oxide scale (～7 µm) is formed throughout the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy after thermal oxidation. XRD pattern disclose the formation of the rutile and oxygen‐diffused titanium as the predominant phases. A significant improvement in the hardness (from 324 ± 8 to 985 ± 40 HV_0.25) is observed due to the formation of hard oxide layer on the surface followed by the presence of an oxygen diffusion zone beneath it. Electrochemical studies reveal that the thermally oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy offers a better corrosion resistance than its untreated counterpart in both HCl and HNO₃ medium. The uniform surface coverage, compactness and thickness of the oxide layer provide an effective barrier towards corrosion of the Ti6Al4V alloy. The study concludes that thermal oxidation is an effective approach to engineer the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy to increase its corrosion resistance in HCl and HNO₃ medium.     

The Effect of Gold Pre-Deposition on the Oxidation Behavior of CPTi and Ti6Al4V Alloy

Thermal oxidation of CPTi and Ti6Al4V alloy with gold pre-deposition at high temperatures was carried out. Pre-deposited gold can promote the formation of a thicker oxide layer and more absorption of oxygen compared with conventional thermal oxidation. Further investigations show that the existence of the thin gold layer is beneficial for the outward diffusion of titanium during thermal oxidation. The mechanisms of thermal oxidation of titanium alloys with gold is discussed.     

Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in isotonic solution

This study investigated the corrosion behavior of cryogenically treated Ti6Al4V alloys in an isotonic solution. Samples were subjected to shallow or deep cryogenic treatment, and some samples then underwent an aging procedure. They were characterized by microstructural analysis, an open circuit potential test, an electrochemical impedance method, and a potentiodynamic test. The polarization tests demonstrated that the deep cryogenic treatment shifted the corrosion potential to more anodic values compared to the untreated sample. For all treated samples, it was found that the corrosion current densities were lower than those in the untreated sample, and the lowest current densities were registered for the sample subjected to deep cryogenic treatment for 36 hr. The shallow cryogenic treated samples and the sample aged without cryogenic treatment showed semicapacitive loops with poor corrosion impedance compared to the untreated sample, whereas deep cryogenic treatment produced Warburg impedance with diffusion in the solid phase.     

Ti6Al4V合金上类金刚石膜的摩擦学性能及腐蚀行为

采用离子束沉积技术在医用Ti6Al4V合金表面制备类金刚石薄膜(DLC),利用原子力显微镜、Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的形貌、结构、摩擦学性能进行表征。采用动电位极化对涂层前后基底的耐腐蚀性能进行测试。结果表明:制备薄膜为类金刚石碳结构,基底偏压对薄膜形貌、结构有较大影响;偏压为-100V时制备的薄膜表面粗糙度低(6.5nm),sp3/sp2比值高,摩擦学性能优异;经DLC膜保护的合金基底耐腐蚀性能获得明显改善。     

Effects of Duplex Nitriding and TiN Coating Treatment on Wear Resistance,Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility of Ti6Al4V Alloy

Ti6Al4V alloy substrates were nitrided at 900 °C. TiN coatings were then deposited on the nitrided substrates using a closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. The microstructure, hardness and adhesion properties of the TiN-N-Ti6Al4V substrates were evaluated and compared with those of an untreated Ti6Al4V sample, a nitrided Ti6Al4V sample and a TiN-coated Ti6Al4V sample, respectively. The tribological properties of the various samples were investigated by means of reciprocating sliding wear tests performed in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution against 316L, Si₃N₄ and Ti6Al4V balls, respectively. In addition, the corrosion resistance was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization tests. Finally, the biocompatibility of the samples was investigated by observing the attachment and growth of purified mouse leukemic monocyte/macrophage cells (Raw 264.7) on the sample surface after culturing periods of 24, 72 and 120 h, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the duplex nitriding/TiN coating treatment significantly improved the tribological, anti-corrosion and biocompatibility properties of the original Ti6Al4V alloy.     

The effects of spark anodizing treatment of pure titanium metals and titanium alloys on corrosion characteristics

This study evaluated the surface characteristics of oxide films on commercially pure titanium metals (CP-Ti; Grade 2 and Grade 3) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb) samples formed by an anodic oxidation treatment, and investigated the effects of anodization on the corrosion characteristics. FE-SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the micromorphology and crystalline structure of the oxide films. The corrosion resistance of the sample groups was evaluated using open-circuit potential and cyclic polarization tests. After anodic oxidation up to dielectric breakdown with the same electric current, 150-200 nm-sized pores were distributed homogeneously on pure titanium metal samples, partially occluded pores were observed on the Ti6Al4V alloy, and there was an inhomogeneous size and distribution of pores on the Ti6Al7Nb alloy. The titanium dioxide films formed through anodic oxidation contained a phase mixture of anatase and rutile. The cyclic polarization tests showed that all the tested sample groups were not susceptible to localized corrosion. The as-received and anodically oxidized CP-Ti grade 3 groups showed a higher corrosion resistance than the other groups. The mean E_corr values of the anodically oxidized sample groups, except for the anodized Ti6Al7Nb alloy, showed higher values than those of the respective as-received sample groups. In particular, the Ti6AL7Nb alloy showed a statistically higher E_corr value in the anodized group than in the as-received group (p < 0.05).     

Corrosion inhibition of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions using inorganic passivators

The effect of iodate (IO₃^?), metavanadata (VO₃^?) and molybdate (MoO₄^2?) anions on the passivation of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions was studied using open‐circuit potential measurements, polarization techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The alloy surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that an optimum concentration of the passivator is essential for the corrosion inhibition process. Above this concentration the rate of alloy corrosion decreases as the concentration of the passivating ion increases. Scanning electron micrographs have shown that the flawed regions present in the alloy surface were repaired in the presence of the passivator anion. The optimum concentration of each anion and its corrosion inhibition efficiency for titanium and Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy have been determined. It turned out that the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of IO₃^?, VO₃^? and MoO₄^2? anions for the corrosion of Ti and Ti‐6Al‐4V in both hydrochloric and sulphuric acid solutions exceed 98%.