磁性Fe3O4/Pt复合纳米粒子的超声制备与表征

超声条件下,在乙醇分散的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)功能化的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子和氯铂酸的混合溶液中,滴加水合肼成功地制备了磁性Fe3O4/Pt复合纳米粒子。采用紫外吸收可见光谱(UV-Vis),电子能谱仪(EDS),透射电子显微镜(TEM),光电子能谱(XPS),超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)等方法对复合粒子的形态、结构、组成以及磁学性质进行了表征。结果表明:在此条件下制得的复合粒子粒度在50nm左右,室温下磁化强度可达17.2(A·m2)/kg。     

原位一步法合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子

采用原位法在低温下一步合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子,并采用XRD,TEM和UV光谱研究了Ag-Fe2O3核壳纳米复合材料的结构。结果表明,纳米银粒子表面被Fe2O3层包覆,Ag核的平均粒径大约为35nm,Fe2O3壳层平均厚度约为7.5nm或15nm,形成了核壳结构的电磁复合纳米粒子。在室温下,饱和磁化强度达到0.98(A·m2)·kg-1,矫顽力8.48×103A/m;Ag/Fe2O3核壳粒子的导电率达到0.62S/cm。通过此法可以比较容易的控制核和壳的尺寸以及复合粒子的单分散性,并得到较高的产率,在催化剂、医药、光电等领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

磁性Fe3O4/Ag复合纳米粒子制备与抗菌性能

采用箔-纤维-箔法和1150℃/150 MPa/30 min的真空热压工艺成功制备了SiCf/Ti-43Al-9V复合材料,并使用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪对该复合材料微观组织的形成进行了研究.结果表明,制备过程中SiC纤维与TiAl基体合金发生反应,并形成一定厚度的反应层;基体组织为等轴晶,粒径约为8 μm,与原始合金组织相比明显细化;从反应层到远处的TiAl基体合金,基体合金的组织由全γ相转变为α2/γ片层组织、γ晶粒和晶间B2相的混合组织.其中全γ相区域的厚度为2～4 μm,并围绕纤维分布.根据Ti-Al-V相图、C原子和V原子的扩散,分析了这两个基体区域的形成机理,并结合热压成形过程中的塑性变形和变形储存能,解释了基体合金晶粒大小的变化.     

质子转移对低热法制备SrFe12O19结构和性能的影响

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Sr(NO3)2和C6O7H8为原料,NH3为质子转移剂,在不同pH值条件下,进行低热固相反应,制备出系列前驱体,经900℃灼烧后得到相应产物。采用XRD、SEM和VSM对产物进行表征。结果表明,合成出的产物为平均粒径约100 nm的SrFe12O19纳米粉体。并发现随着pH值从6增加到11,合成产物的XRD衍射峰出现峰值先变大后变小现象;3种晶格参数(a,c,Vcell)出现先减小,后增大规律,而结晶度Xc则先变大,后变小。在pH=10时,所对应的晶格参数均发生最大拐点变化,因此产物的磁性能表现最佳(Ms=51.4 A·m2/kg、Mr=29.5 A·m2/kg、Hc=71.2 A/m),表明磁性粒子表面在此条件下磁交换作用最强。     

Preparation and magnetic properties of nickel nanorods by thermal decomposition reducing methods

The single-crystalline nickel nanorods with narrow size distribution and better magnetic properties were synthesized by thermal decomposition of nickel hydroxide nanorods precursor powders, which were produced by soft template method using nickel oxalic acid as raw material. The influences of hydrothermal reaction temperature and time on morphology of the products were investigated. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The as-prepared nickel nanorods are uniform with a diameter of 10–15 nm and length 70–120 nm. The results of magnetic measurements show that the specific saturation magnetization(σ_s) and coercivity values(H_c) of the nickel nanorods are 50.649 A·m²/kg and 190.0×(10³/4 π)A/m, respectively. Finally, a possible mechanism for the formation of nickel nanorods was discussed briefly.     

硬质合金的比矫顽磁力

用磁性法和 X射线衍射相分析得出了当两相 WC— Co硬质合金碳含量改变时 ,其比矫顽磁力 Hsc( A· m2 · Kg- 1)同合金碳含量 Xc、真实钴含量 XCo( wt)、WC相平均晶粒尺寸 Lwc( μm)及比饱和磁化强度 4πσ( A·m2 · kg- 1)、密度 d( Kg· m- 3)间的定量关系式Hsc+ 0 .330 4 lg L wc=7.652 - 0 .330 4 lg 1 .791 XCo1 - 1 .0 87XCo- 7.356XCo- 1 2 0 .0 Xc=0 .2 958- 0 .330 4 lg 1 .791 XCo1 - 1 .0 87XCo+ 6.488XCo- 3.2 64× 1 0 - 34 πσ=1 1 .86- 0 .330 4 lg 1 .791 XCo1 - 1 .0 87XCo+ 8.1 35XCo- 1 .0 83× 1 0 5· d- 1当合金碳含量变化时 ,溶质钨和碳在 γ相中固溶度的变化引起 γ相磁矩和 γ基体钴晶格畸变应力的改变是导致合金 Hsc值变化的主要原因。     

Fe3O4@SiO2磁性复合微球的制备与表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4颗粒,在其制备过程中控制Fe_3O_4核的长大时间,加入油酸钠作为表面修饰剂来控制Fe_3O_4核的尺寸,然后加入正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)生成纳米级Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合纳米粒子和亚微米级Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合微球。通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、能谱分析和红外光谱分析证实Fe_3O_4颗粒表面包覆有SiO_2,并研究了复合粒子的形貌和成分组成,然后进行了磁性能分析。结果表明,Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒、Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合纳米粒子和亚微米级Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合微球的饱和磁化强度分别为79.95、34.85和61.51 A·m2/kg,对应的剩磁分别为1.73、1.05和3.07 A·m2/kg,矫顽力分别为1083、755和2002 A/m,亚微米级复合微球的剩磁和矫顽力都显著增大。     

Fabrication and magnetic properties of NiFe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanorods

NiFe₂O₄ nanorods have been successfully synthesized via thermal treatment of the rod-like precursor fabricated by Ni-doped α-FeOOH, which was enwrapped by the complex of citric acid and Ni²⁺. The morphology evolution during the calcination of the precursor nanorods was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the phase and the magnetic properties of samples were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicated that the diameter of the NiFe₂O₄ nanorods obtained ranged between 30 and 50 nm, and the length ranged between 2 and 3 μm. As the calcination temperature was up to 600°C, the coercivity, saturation magnetization, and remanent magnetization of the samples were 36.1 kA·m⁻¹, 27.2 A·m²·kg⁻¹, and 5.3 A·m²·kg⁻¹, respectively. The NiFe₂O₄ nanorods prepared have higher shape anisotropy and superior magnetic properties than those with irregular shapes.     

WC-Co硬质合金成分的磁性测定原理

推导了WC—Co硬质合金及其粘结相（γ相）的比饱和磁化强度4πσ。同γ相中钨和碳固溶度Xw、Xc及合金的真实钻含量Xco（质量分数）间的定量关系式：4πσ=4πσγ·XCo／（1—Xw—Xc）,4πσγ=2020-4408Xw＋28527Xc;提供了一种完全用磁性数据（Ms、4πσ）定量测定WC—Co硬质合金的碳含量和真实钴含量的实用方法,讨论了该方法的精度和应用范围。     

纳米铁酸锌/丙氨酸改性聚乳酸复合磁性微球的制备和表征(英文)

以改进液相化学法合成铁酸锌纳米磁流体来代替传统的铁氧化物磁粉,同时以D,L型丙交酯与丙氨酸为单体进行本体聚合,得到氨基酸改性聚乳酸,再以改性聚乳酸包封纳米磁流体构建磁性高分子微球。采用X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、振动样品磁强计、热重分析仪等对所合成的材料进行表征。结果表明:所制备的材料为尖晶石型的ZnFe2O4纳米晶,粒径为20～45nm,磁饱和强度为32×10-3A.m2;丙氨酸成功接枝到了聚乳酸链上;铁酸锌纳米磁流体/聚乳酸复合微球的分散性较好,粒径为80～300nm,聚乳酸的包覆率为45.5%,磁饱和强度为10.6×10-3A.m2,ZnFe2O4经改性聚乳酸封装后仍然保持较好的磁饱和强度。     

一维NiFe1.98RE0.02O4(RE=Pr, Nd, Sm)纳米丝的结构和磁性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法、静电纺丝技术和热处理技术相结合制备了一维NiFe_(1.98)RE_(0.02)O_4 (RE=Pr,Nd,Sm)纳米丝。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对NiFe_(1.98)RE_(0.02)O_4 (RE=Pr,Nd,Sm)纳米丝的结构、形貌和磁性能进行表征。结果表明,NiFe_(1.98)RE_(0.02)O_4(RE=Pr,Nd,Sm)纳米丝表面光滑、直径均匀、连续,直径约60nm。掺杂Pr~(3+),Nd~(3+),Sm~(3+)均没有改变NiFe204的尖晶石结构,掺杂均降低了NiFe_2O_4的结晶度,晶粒尺寸D从44.8nm减小到33.8nm。NiFe_(1.98)RE~(0.02)O_4 (RE=Pr,Nd,Sm)纳米丝都表现出软磁特性。NiFe_(1.98)RE_(0.02)O_4 (RE=Pr,Nd,Sm)纳米丝的饱和磁化强度(Ms)分别为39.58,41.10,34.23 A·m~2/kg;矫顽力(H_c)分别为14119.2, 13678.4,15937.6 A/m;其中NiFe_(1.98)Nd_(0.02)O_4纳米丝的M_s (41.10 A·m~2/kg)最大,矫顽力H_c(13678.4A/m)最小,软磁性能最好。     

铝基复合材料—不锈钢摩擦焊接过渡区的显微结构特征

研究了铝基复合材料与在氏体不锈钢间异种金属摩擦焊接过渡区在不同焊接条件下的显微组织变化规律。扫描电镜观察到强度较高的奥氏体不锈钢在焊接过程中发生明显的塑性变形，焊接界面附近不同部位变形机制和特征不同，变形方式主要是形成成形变孪晶，滑移带和位错亚结构。     

Preparation of highly dispersed superfine W-20 wt% Cu composite powder with excellent sintering property by highly concentrated wet ball-milled process

The ball milling process and the CuWO_4-WO_3 precursors were investigated, and a new highly concentrated wet ball-milled process(HWM) was designed. W-20 wt% Cu composite powders with excellent sintering property were synthesized by highly concentrated wet ballmilled process and co-reduction. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), field electron transmission electron microscopy(FESEM) and laser-diffraction diameter tester.The results indicate that particle size of W03-CuO powder mixtures decreases to 390 nm rapidly with the milling time increasing to 5 h. The CuWO_4 precursors promote the microstructural homogeneity of W and Cu. W-Cu composite powders have a highly dispersed and well sintering property. The particle size of W-Cu powders milled by HWM for 5 h is about 680 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) result suggests that W phase and Cu phase are mixed at nanometer scale. The above W-Cu composite powders reach the relative density of about 99.3%.     

PVP对石墨烯/Fe3O4复合吸波材料形貌及吸波性能的影响

目的研究分散剂PVP对Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面分散性的影响,以获得吸波性能良好的吸波材料。方法采用溶剂热法制备石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、X射线光电子能谱、矢量网络分析仪等对石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料进行表征,并研究了PVP添加与否在石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料形貌及吸波性能的影响。结果添加PVP后的石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料与未添加PVP的相比,Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面的团聚现象明显减少,尺寸显著减小。通过计算机模拟反射率,未添加PVP的石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料在匹配厚度d=2.00 mm时,在16.25 GHz处达到最大反射损耗-18.79 dB,复合材料反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度可达4.1 GHz。添加PVP的复合材料在匹配厚度d=2.00 mm时,在16.25 GHz处达到最大反射损耗-25.88 dB,复合材料反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度可达4.5 GHz,相比未添加PVP的复合吸波材料,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度增加0.4 GHz,最大反射损耗提高7.09 dB。结论 PVP能提高Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面的分散性,并在石墨烯表面形成良好的导电网络,使复合材料的吸波性能明显提升。     

Decorating Mg/Fe oxide nanotubes with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes

Mg/Fe oxide nanotubes decorated with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CN_x) were fabricated by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of ethylenediamine on the outer surface of oxide nanotubes. Mg/Fe oxide nanotubes were prepared using a 3:1 molar precursor solution of Mg(NO₃)₂ and Fe(NO₃)₃ and anodic aluminum oxide as the substrate. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD pattern shows that the oxide nanotubes are made up of MgO and Fe₂O₃. TEM and SEM observations indicate the oxide nanotubes are arrayed roughly parallel to each other, and the outer surface of oxide nanotubes are decorated with CN_x. XPS results show the nitrogen-doped level in CN_x is about 7.3 at.%. Magnetic measurements with VSM demonstrate the saturated magnetization, remanence and coercivity of oxide nanotubes are obvious improved after being decorated with CN_x.     

静电纺丝技术制备NiFe_2O_4纳米纤维的表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法与静电纺丝技术相结合制备了PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,在一定温度下进行热处理,得到尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4纳米纤维。利用TG-DTA、XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM等分析手段对样品的组成及结构进行表征。TG-DTA分析表明,PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维的热处理温度高于450℃以后,质量恒定,总失重率为87.8%。XRD与FTIR分析表明,热处理温度高于600℃时,复合纳米纤维已经完全转变成尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4纳米纤维。SEM分析表明,所制备的PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纤维直径在250～300nm之间,NiFe2O4纳米纤维直径约100nm,长度大于200μm。对NiFe2O4纳米纤维的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Sm,Nd共掺CeO2纳米纤维电解质的制备与性能

利用静电纺丝技术制备了Sm2O3和Nd2O3共掺CeO2纳米纤维固体电解质,通过XRD、TEM和SEM等仪器对其物相和微观结构进行了表征,并利用电化学工作站测量了不同煅烧温度纳米纤维的电导率。实验结果表明不同煅烧温度下的纳米纤维均呈现立方萤石结构,400oC煅烧获得的纳米纤维电解质平均直径为402nm,晶粒尺寸约为5nm,并且其电导率最高。     

在有机添加剂存在的情况下共沉淀制备纳米Fe3O4及其性能

在有机添加剂甲基丙烯酸乙酯存在的情况下,采用共沉淀方法从Fe2 与Fe3 的水溶液中制备了Fe3O4纳米粒子.分别通过X射线衍射、透射电镜研究了其结构与形貌.结果表明:当溶液中甲基丙烯酸乙酯浓度为0.015 mol/L时,所制备的纳米粒子为单一的Fe3O4相;粒子呈球形,半径大约为15～30 nm.同时,采用振动样品磁强计对Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁性能进行了表征.结果显示,在不同温度下测得的M-H/T曲线与温度无关,表明该粒子具有典型的超顺磁性.     

碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层的组织与性能研究

目的研究碳纳米管对Ni-P化学镀层组织与性能的影响。方法将碳纳米管(CNTs)加入到镀液中,采用化学镀的方法在45#钢表面制得碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪综合分析复合镀层的表面形貌和结构,并采用多功能材料表面性能测试仪对复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。利用动电位极化技术对Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层是非晶态结构,CNTs均匀地嵌埋在基质镀层中。在耐磨性试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的磨损率比Ni-P镀层降低了7.6×10~(-11) m~3/(N·m),而平均摩擦因数减小了0.074。在电化学腐蚀试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的腐蚀电位比Ni-P镀层正移了222 mV,而腐蚀电流密度降低了5.234×10~(-6) A/cm~2。结论碳纳米管填补了镍磷非晶胞间的间隙,改善了复合镀层的组织结构,使Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层具有更好的耐摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic properties of size-controlled CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites

Size-controlled CoNi alloy nanoparticles with average diameters in the range of 15-48 nm attached on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared to form CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites by microwave-assisted method. The size of CoNi alloy nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the atomic ratios of metals to carbon nanotubes in the mixed acetate solution. The as-prepared nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that CoNi alloy nanoparticles are face-centered cubic structure, quasi-spherical and disperse uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs. Magnetic measurement shows that both the coercivity and the saturation magnetization of the samples increase with the increase of the particle size from 15 to 37 nm, and decrease from 37 to 48 nm.