电极感应熔炼气雾化制备Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末的性能及其表征

采用国产自行研制的无坩埚电极感应熔炼气体雾化(EIGA)设备制备Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末,实验使用环孔型和环缝型两种气雾化喷嘴,改变雾化压力和熔炼功率,设计四组工艺参数,研究雾化工艺对粉末性能的影响规律。根据激光选区熔化(SLM)对粉末的要求,将筛分得到的粒径小于53 μm的粉末进行表征,采用MASTERSIZE 2000激光粒度分析仪分析不同雾化工艺制备粉末的粒度分布,采用欧奇奥500NanoXY+HR型粒度粒形分析仪对粉末的粒形进行量化表征分析。结果表明,采用环缝型喷嘴、5 MPa的雾化压力和25 kW的熔炼功率的工艺参数组合制备的粉末效果最佳,得到的粉末粒径较小且分布集中,粉末粒度呈近似正态分布,D10、D50和D90分别为19.4 μm、31.9 μm和51.5 μm;粉末的球形度较高,粉末圆度的平均值为90.6%,欧奇奥钝度的平均值为92.7%,超过80%的粉末赘生物指数为0,卫星粉较少。通过XRD、SEM、EDS能谱和氧氮仪等手段对粉末进一步分析,发现粉末内部组织为不同取向的针状α′马氏体,空心粉含量较少,粉末成分无损耗且氧含量较低。对该粉末进行ＳＬＭ成形,成形件致密度达到99.02%,表面粗糙度为4.98 μm,显微硬度为352.5 HV0.5。     

航空发动机用粉末高温合金及制备技术研究进展

本文概述了我国粉末高温合金及制备技术的研究进展。在粉末制备方面,重点介绍了Ar气雾化制粉技术关键因素,包括设备、雾化过程、粒度控制、O含量控制、粉末形貌控制和夹杂控制等。针对涡轮盘件制备技术,总结了双性能涡轮盘、双合金整体叶盘技术和等温锻造模具用材料的研究进展。此外,还介绍了在粉末高温合金高通量实验和表征以及蠕变行为等方面的研究进展。结合当前航空发动机、3D打印等高端工程用材料重大需求,对我国粉末高温合金制备技术和发展方向进行了展望。     

新型超声雾化技术制备球形金属粉末

介绍了新型超声雾化制备金属粉末技术原理及工艺特点，研究了采用新型超声雾化技术制备的合金粉末形貌，粒度分布，氧含量和微观组织，并与气雾化粉末进行了比较，新型超声雾化技术直接利用超声振动雾化金属，雾化基本以静态模式进行而没有高速运动，制备的粉末光洁圆整，球形度好，粉度分布窄，具有设备和工艺简单，可控性高，成本低等显著技术优势。     

气体雾化法制备BNi-7钎料粉末的研究

采用气雾化法制备BNi-7高温钎料粉末,并对钎料粉末的粉体性能和微观组织结构进行分析。采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、激光粒度分析仪和差热分析仪对制备的粉末形貌、物相组成、粒度分布和熔点进行研究分析。结果表明:气雾化制备BNi-7钎料粉末具有良好的球形度、粉末粒度呈正态分布,氧含量低(0.019%),成分均匀以及良好的松装密度。粉末内部主要为枝状晶和胞状晶的快速凝固组织,相组成为面心立方结构的Ni-Cr固溶相和Ni_3P相,粉末熔点为903.11℃。气雾化法制备的BNi-7钎料粉末为理想的高温钎焊材料。     

高铝锌基合金粉末的制备及其组织与性能

研究了高铝锌基合金粉末的制备工艺及其组织与性能，采用了水雾化法和离心雾化法两种工艺制备合金粉末，并比较了两种粉末的粒度组成，松装密度，流动性及显微硬度，离心雾化粉为近似的球形，水雾化粉为不规则的多角形，两种粉末的金组织均匀为很细小的树枝晶，与同类铸造合金的金相组织相比，它们的枝晶臂间距大大减小。     

高压水雾化法制备的高硅铝合金粉末特性

用高压水雾化法制备高硅铝合金粉末．并对粉末的特性进行了分析检测.实验结果表明、用该方法可制得含氧量低、粒度分布均匀、压制性好的合金粉末与同种合金的铸造试样相比,粉末的显微组织得到了显著细化,Si相的形态、尺寸及分布得到了明显改善,其α-Al基体因合金元素固溶度的提高得到了显著强化     

电渣重熔-等离子旋转电极雾化制备高品质316H奥氏体不锈钢粉末

首先采用电渣重熔法熔炼316H奥氏体不锈钢母合金,随后采用等离子旋转电极雾化(PREP)法制备了球形316H奥氏体不锈钢粉末.利用氧氮分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、霍尔流速计和激光粒度分布仪等研究了粉末的氧含量、形貌、相结构、流动性、松装密度、振实密度及粒度分布.结果表明:电渣重熔制备的316H奥氏体不锈钢母合金全氧含量为20×10-6,铸锭成分均匀;等离子旋转电极雾化法制备的316H奥氏体不锈钢粉末全氧含量为70×10-6,粉末粒度呈现双峰分布,细粉收得率高,粒径为15～150 μn的粉末占比近80％,粉末粒径分布范围广、球形度高、卫星粉少.粉末表面基本为胞状晶,截面为均匀的枝晶组织,为单一的γ-Fe相结构.制备态粉末的霍尔流速、松装密度和振实密度分别为14.83 s-50-1 g-1、4.725 g·cm-3和5.401 g·cm-3.粗粉和细粉质量分数各占一半时,粉末的霍尔流速为12.91 s·50-1g-1,小于初始粉末的霍尔流速,提高了粉末的流动性能.长时间的真空储存能降低粉末的带电性能,进而降低粉末颗粒之间排斥作用,可进一步提高粉末流动性.粗、细粉之比为7:3时,粉末的填充性能最好,填充率高达70.6％.     

超音速电弧熔化气雾化CuAg10粉末的特性

利用超音速电弧熔化气雾化法制备了CuAg10合金粉末,对合金粉末的组织结构、粒度分布特征、X射线衍射特性、晶格常数及形貌特征等进行了系统研究.结果表明:粉末组织为二次枝晶臂间距很小的枝晶,雾化时的冷却速度达105K/s;合金粉末粒度均匀细小,形状多为球形、类球状, 平均尺寸为44μm;在雾化过程中形成了过饱和(Cu)和(Ag).     

合成金刚石用水雾化触媒粉末Fe70Ni30性能的研究

我国近年普遍采用水雾化粉末触媒Fe70 Ni30合成金刚石,本文对这种粉末形貌、成分、粒度分布、氧含量、相组成等作了分析研究.结果表明:粉末呈不规则状;粒度呈正态分布,D50= 22.9 μm;粉末杂质含量很低:初始粉氧含量为0.2％(质量分数),将触媒粉和石墨粉混合(质量比3:7)压成合成柱,在1000℃,真空10-...     

双级雾化快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末形貌及组织特征

采用双级雾化装置制备了四种铝合金粉末，分析了粉末的粒度组成，颗粒形貌和微观组织，计算了粉末的冷却速度，双级雾化粉末的平均粒度比单级气体雾化粉末细两倍，平均冷却速度高一个数量级；Ａｌ－Ｓｉ二元合金中，细小颗粒的微观组织主要由不同Ｓｉ含量的块状过饱和固溶体组成。     

High pressure EIGA preparation and 3D printing capability of Ti—6Al—4V powder

Ti—6Al—4V alloy powder was processed by electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) at high gas pressure (5.5–7.0 MPa). The effects of atomizing gas pressure on the powder characteristics and the microstructure, along with the mechanical properties of the as-fabricated block by laser melting deposition (LMD), were investigated. The results indicate that the diameters of powders are distributed in a wide range of sizes from 1 to 400 μm, and the median powder size (d₅₀) decreases with increasing gas pressure. The powders with a size fraction of 100–150 μm obtained at gas pressures of 6.0 and 6.5 MPa have better flowability. The oxygen content is consistent with the change trend of gas pressure within a low range of 0.06%–0.20%. Specimens fabricated by LMD are mainly composed of α+β grains with a fine lamellar Widmanstatten structures and have the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength of approximately 1100 and 1000 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the atomized powders have a favorable 3D printing capability, and the mechanical properties of Ti—6Al—4V alloys manufactured by LMD typically exceed those of their cast or wrought counterparts.     

Preparation and Performance of Spherical Ni Powder for SLM ProcessingEI北大核心CSCD

3D printing has attracted increasing interests in the field of metallic materials as it can effectively shorten the production cycle and create parts with complex shapes, which can hardly be produced by traditional methods. However, the gas atomization, as the mainstream method of preparing metal and alloy powders to meet the requirements of the processing of selective laser melting (SLM) at present, still has some limitations, such as hollow and/or satellite balls in the powder. This influences directly the density and performance of the printing parts. Moreover, the laser absorption in the smooth surface of powder particle is generally less than 10% in the laser processing, which hinders rapid heating of the powder. It has been found that the material can obtain multiple absorption of laser energy by increasing the surface roughness of powder particles, which can effectively improve the laser absorption rate and is beneficial to get the dense printing parts. Based on this, a novel method combining low temperature spray-drying with heat treatment was developed to prepare Ni powder with high purity, good sphericity, high flowability and narrow particle size distribution. The microstructure and laser absorptivity of the prepared Ni powder were compared with those of the commercial Ni powder prepared by gas atomization, and their influences on the microstructure and properties of the 3D printed bulk materials were investigated. It is found that the laser absorptivity of the Ni powder prepared by spray-drying is more than 2 times as high as that of the commercial Ni powder. This leads to a wider melting channel, smaller surface ten-sion and liquid-bridging force between particles in the printing process. As a result, the spheroidization phenomenon occurred on the surface of the printed bulk material can be avoided by the use of the spraydried powder, and the relative density is achieved as 99.2% at the as-printed state. In the microstructure of the printed bulk material, in addition to the cellular crystals, there are a number of fine columnar crystals, grown across the interlaminar boundaries, which is favorable for a high bonding strength between the interlayers.     

Melt film formation and disintegration during novel atomization process

Hybrid atomization is a new powder-making method and can produce economically very fine, clean, spherical tin alloy powders with average particle size about 10μm and narrow size distributions. The key concept of hybrid atomization is to control the liquid film formation on disk for fine powder production. Low-pressure gas atomization was utilized to promote the formation of a very thin stable liquid film before centrifugal breakup and give a better preparation for the final disintegration of melts. Besides the breakup ability of the rotating atomizer, the characteristics of liquid film on rotating disk affect the atomization mechanism and results remarkably. The main disintegration mode of melt is the breakup type of liquid film, which depends on the film instability and the atomization ability of the rotating disk. On the other hand, the mean powder size relates closely to the film thickness. The powder size distribution is mainly controlled by the atomization mode and the stability, flow type of liquid film on the rotating disk. A very thin, stable liquid film with long ligaments and a small pitch in LF mode results in very fine uniform tin alloy powders.     

气雾化参数对SLM用1720 MPa级马氏体时效钢粉末特性的影响

利用真空感应熔炼气雾化法制备1720 MPa级马氏体时效钢粉末,研究雾化压力、过热度、气体加热温度对粉末特性的影响。结果表明,当雾化压力较高、过热度较高、气体加热温度较高的情况下,金属粉末的细粉收得率较大,松装密度较高,流动性较好。最佳雾化参数为漏嘴孔径ϕ5 mm、雾化压力5.0 MPa、过热度245 K、雾化气体温度100 ℃。该工艺条件下的时效钢粉末球形度良好,粉末流动性为20.15 s/50 g,松装密度为4.23 g/cm。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of equimolar FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy prepared via powder extrusion

An equiatomic FeCoCrNi high alloy (HEA) with both high tensile strength and ductility was produced by a powder metallurgy (P/M) method. The P/M process includes a gas atomization and a hot extrusion of pre-alloyed HEA powder. Microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized using optical microscopy (OP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and tensile tests. The results show that the P/M FeCoCrNi HEA has a single face centered cubic (fcc) structure and an equiaxed microstructure. No obvious porosity and brittle intermetallic phase was found. The as-extruded alloy exhibits a very high tensile strength of 712.5 MPa, and still maintains an elongation as high as 56%. The improvement of the tensile properties is caused by the solid solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and homogenous microstructure. Therefore, the powder hot extrusion can be considered as a promising way for preparing large-sized HEAs with high mechanical properties.     

增材制造高熵合金复合材料综述（英文）

高熵合金复合材料是一种由高熵合金基体和第二相(如碳化物、硼化物、氮化物)组成的新型金属基复合材料。近年来，高熵合金复合材料的优异性能吸引了大量研究者的关注。然而，在传统铸造高熵合金复合材料中会发生严重的成分偏析，这极大制约了高熵合金复合材料的发展。目前，新兴的3D打印技术可以解决这一问题并制备出复杂形状的零件，因此，得到了研究者的关注并有大量相关文献报导。本文总结了截止目前3D打印高熵合金复合材料的研究进展。首先，对高熵合金及其复合材料做了介绍，并总结了目前高熵合金复合材料粉末的制备方法(气雾化法和机械合金化法)。其次，介绍了几种常用于成形高熵合金复合材料的3D打印方法(粉末床熔化法和直接金属沉积技术)，并对其相应的微观结构进行了分析。然后，对比了3D打印高熵合金复合材料、3D打印高熵合金及其铸件的力学性能，并对其硬度抗磨损、腐蚀和氧化性能进行了探讨。最后，对3D打印高熵合金复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

机械合金化和烧结工艺对Al-Ni-Y-C0-La合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过气雾化方法制备Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5（摩尔分数,％）合金粉末。首先,将粉末进行不同时间的球磨,然后在不同的烧结温度及保压时间等条件下对粉末分别进行热压烧结和放电等离子烧结。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）,扫描电镜（sEM）以及透射电镜（TEM）对粉末和块体材料的显微组织和形貌进行表征。结果表明：在特定球磨参数下球磨100h以上可以产生非晶,而且通过放电等离子烧结可以得到非晶／纳米晶块体材料,然而这种材料的相对密度较低。通过热压烧结可制备抗压强度为650MPa的Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5纳米块体材料。     

Temperature induced porosity in hot isostatically pressed gamma titanium aluminide alloy powders

In this study the occurrence of temperature induced porosity (TIP) in hot isostatically pressed (HIP) compacts of different gamma Titanium aluminide alloys was investigated. Two gamma Titanium aluminide alloys Ti-48.9at.%Al and an advanced Niobium containing alloy Ti-46at.%Al-9at.%Nb have been atomized by gas atomization and by centrifugal atomization in an inert gas atmosphere. The alloy powders were studied regarding porosity and the content of inert gas entrapped in the powder particles. Selected powder batches were hot isostatically pressed at 1280 °C and were investigated with respect to TIP evolution after a high temperature exposure to 1390 °C for short and long time periods. It was found that gas atomized Titanium aluminide alloy powders contain a certain amount of atomization gas, the concentration of which increases with the powder particle size. The amount of inert gas entrapped in centrifugally atomized powders is higher as compared to powders produced by gas atomization. The occurrence of TIP after high temperature annealing of the HIP’ ed compacts depends on the grain size, the processing medium (Argon or Helium), the amount of entrapped inert gas and the annealing time. Guidelines are presented for minimizing or prevention of TIP in γ-TiAl alloys processed by powder metallurgy.     

VIGA法制备的M2052锰铜合金粉末及其SLM打印件的性能

采用真空感应熔炼气雾化法(VIGA)制备了M2052锰铜合金粉末,分析了M2052锰铜粉末的物性和显微组织;用选区激光熔化3D打印技术(SLM)制备锰铜试样,并分析热处理前后SLM成型的锰铜合金的组织与性能。结果表明,VIGA法能够有效地控制金属粉末形状,制备的15~53 μm粒度区间的锰铜粉末收得率高,松装密度高,具有较好的球形度,有效满足SLM用金属粉末的要求。由SLM制备的锰铜打印件横纵向具有不同的微观组织,随熔池内部延伸逐渐变为胞状晶,沿焊接界面形成柱状晶,离熔池越远柱状晶越细。与铸态合金相比,SLM方法制备的锰铜合金具有明显的力学性能差异,SLM打印件的抗拉强度为611 MPa,规定塑性延伸强度为504 MPa,远远高于铸态母合金的454 MPa和172 MPa。其原因是打印件细晶强化效果明显,但微裂纹的存在对塑性不利。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Al－Fe BASED ALLOYS

ＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＲＡＰＩＤＬＹＳＯＬＩＤＩＦＩＥＤＡｌ－ＦｅＢＡＳＥＤＡＬＬＯＹＳＷ．Ｊ．Ｐａｒｋ；Ｓ．Ａｈｎ；Ｒ．Ｓｃｈｍｅｅｓ；ａｎｄＮａｃｋＪ．Ｋｉｍ（１）（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＡｄｖ...