活性剂对焊缝咬边倾向及接头疲劳性能的影响

针对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接过程,对焊缝咬边倾向和焊接接头的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,增加焊接速度虽然可以提高生产效率,但是焊接速度增加后,熔敷金属不易填充焊趾部,容易在焊趾部产生咬边缺陷,加入活性剂可以减小或消除咬边现象.添加活性剂后,熔敷金属增加,电弧力对熔池的压迫作用增强,电弧电压升高,电弧挺度增加,电弧更稳定.这些因素可以促进熔敷金属向焊趾部流动,填充在焊趾部.添加活性剂后,疲劳寿命最多提高了60%左右.通过添加活性剂可以减小或消除咬边,提高焊接接头的疲劳性能.     

高速TIG-MIG复合焊焊缝驼峰及咬边消除机理

搭建了TIG-MIG复合焊试验平台及电参数-高速图像同步采集系统,进行了一系列低碳钢高速TIG-MIG复合焊工艺试验,研究了高速TIG-MIG复合焊的电弧形态、熔滴过渡及熔池行为对焊缝成形的影响,并确定了合适的匹配参数.结果表明,MIG焊电流在240~300 A,且TIG焊电流与MIG焊电流相当时,TIG-MIG复合焊焊接过程稳定,即使在焊接速度高达2.5 m/min时,焊缝仍无驼峰、咬边等缺陷,与传统MIG焊相比,熔深增加,熔宽减小.TIG-MIG复合焊由于电弧间的相互作用,两电弧指向发生偏转,电弧压力减小,焊接过程不产生弧坑,且熔宽变窄,这是避免驼峰和咬边缺陷的主要原因.     

单电弧TIG焊咬边影响机理的数值模拟研究

避免咬边是提高焊接速度的关键问题.通过对TIG焊温度场进行数值模拟,找到TIG焊在不同焊接速度时熔池成形规律.研究表明:焊接熔池中熔宽最大的位置滞后于熔深最大的位置,影响咬边产生的关键在于动态深宽比.在对模型校核的基础上,从动态深宽比的角度分析了TIG高速焊接时的咬边问题,指出在焊接电流相同的条件下,随着焊接速度的提高,熔深和熔宽都将减小,但熔深减小更多,所以动态深宽比减小,熔池表面张力向内的合力增大,容易产生咬边.即使在保证熔深相同的前提下,随焊接速度的提高,熔池的动态深宽比也会越来越小,导致咬边倾向增加.     

耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊工艺

将耦合电弧钨极和GPCA焊方法结合,形成了耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊方法,该方法可实现深熔深高速度焊接.对比分析了在较高焊接速度时常规TIG焊、耦合电弧钨极TIG焊和耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊的焊缝表面成形和截面形貌,发现耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊可避免咬边和驼峰焊道的产生,并且焊缝熔深有所增加.耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊工艺试验表明,焊缝熔深和熔宽随焊接速度的减小和外喷嘴位置的升高而增大,随着弧长和外层氧气流量的增加先增加后略有减小;随着焊接速度的减小,弧长和外层氧气流量的增大,焊缝咬边减轻,外喷嘴相对高度变化时焊缝均未出现咬边.     

TIG焊产生咬边影响机理的仿真计算

避免咬边是提高焊接速度过程中的关键要素。从数值模拟入手，采用有限元分析的方法，使用ANSYS软件进行数值模拟，通过TIG焊过程中不同焊接速度时熔池成形规律，分析解决高速焊接时的咬边问题；指出了在保证相同熔深的前提下，随着焊接速度的提高，熔宽最大处的深宽比越来越小，当达到某一临界值时，咬边就会产生，并进行了实验验证。     

其它焊接方法

5A02／Q235钢Nd：YAG激光·脉冲MIG复合热源熔-钎连接;激光-TIG复合热源焊接参数对镁／钢异种材料焊接接头的影响;激光-电弧复合焊接咬边缺陷分析及抑制方法; 激光＋GMAW复合热源焊焊缝成形的数值模拟——Ⅱ．组合式体积热源的作用模型     

脉冲埋弧横焊工艺在石油储罐焊接中的应用

把横焊位置脉冲埋弧焊的熔池简化为在固体表面承受脉冲载荷的液态金属,分析了其横焊位置的受力情况,探索了脉冲埋弧横焊消除咬边的机理,熔池所受到的电磁力、熔滴冲击力以及表面张力都是随焊接电流的变化做周期性变化,这样的周期性变化有利于在填充焊和盖面焊中消除咬边.结果表明,脉冲埋弧横焊不仅可以利用脉冲峰值电流保证熔深,同时脉冲电流的震荡作用可以有效地消除咬边,拓宽了埋弧横焊的工艺参数范围.     

其它焊接方法

5A02／Q235钢Nd：YAG激光·脉冲MIG复合热源熔-钎连接;激光-TIG复合热源焊接参数对镁／钢异种材料焊接接头的影响;激光-电弧复合焊接咬边缺陷分析及抑制方法; 激光＋GMAW复合热源焊焊缝成形的数值模拟——Ⅱ．组合式体积热源的作用模型     

非共熔池双丝高速MAG焊缝成形焊枪倾角及位置影响研究

利用正交试验法对非共熔池双丝高速MAG焊T形接头焊接进行了研究,分析了双焊枪倾角及位置对于高速焊焊接常见缺陷咬边与驼峰的影响规律。结果表明,非共熔池双丝高速MAG焊在一定的速度范围内(1 200~1 500 mm/min)不会出现驼峰,且后枪位置是影响焊缝咬边的主要因素。     

双丝共熔池窄间隙MAG焊方法的工艺研究

采用交替脉冲,对双丝共熔池窄间隙焊进行工艺试验,研究了焊接参数对焊缝成形和电弧稳定性的影响.结果表明:双丝共熔池窄间隙焊焊缝成形良好,大规范时也不会形成指状熔深;但只有在送丝速度大于10 m/min的大规范区间,才能够避免侧壁咬边,调节焊接速度并不能消除侧壁咬边.随着双丝与侧壁间距的缩小,焊接稳定性下降,为保证焊接过程的稳定,焊丝与侧壁的间距应该大于2.5 mm;随着双丝前后间距的加大,焊接稳定性下降,甚至发生断弧,双丝前后间距小于10 mm时,电弧稳定无飞溅.     

电弧弧长对激光-电弧复合焊飞溅和底部驼峰的影响

由于热源形式的特殊性,激光-电弧复合焊接过程中激光和电弧间易发生相互干扰,产生飞溅和底部驼峰等缺陷。以590 MPa级船用高强钢为研究对象,研究了电弧弧长对激光-电弧复合焊飞溅和焊缝底部驼峰的影响。为了深入研究激光-电弧复合焊飞溅和底部驼峰的产生机理,利用高速摄像设备对熔滴过渡行为和焊缝底部熔池进行了观察。结果表明,适当缩短电弧弧长可以降低激光和电弧间的相互干扰,提高复合焊接过程的稳定性,进而降低飞溅产生的倾向。底部驼峰是小孔熔透性差和底部熔池流动不连续所引起的。缩短电弧弧长可以对底部驼峰的产生起到抑制作用,这是因为缩短电弧弧长可以降低等离子体对激光的吸收,提高激光的能量利用率,增加小孔熔透性和稳定性。 创新点： 研究了电弧弧长对激光-电弧复合焊飞溅和底部驼峰的影响,采用高速摄像方法对底部熔池流动进行了观察,进一步明确了激光-电弧复合焊接焊缝底部驼峰的产生原因。     

Study on the application for electromagnetic controlled molten pool welding process in overhead and flat position welding

Abstract

In fusion welding, gravity makes a molten metal flow downward and it sometimes causes an irregular shaped weld bead and weld defects such as an undercut. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new electromagnetic controlled molten pool welding process method which controls the molten metal flow by using upward electromagnetic forces, and the applicability of this method to industry is examined. In flat position welding with excessive heat input, the molten metal tends to sag down and an undercut defect is likely to occur. It is found that the upward electromagnetic force given by adjusting the conditions of magnetic field can lift the molten metal up, resulting in the remarkably improved shape of a penetration bead. It is further found that, even in overhead position welding, a well shaped penetration bead without undercuts is obtained by adjusting the welding touch angle as well as magnetic field conditions.     

CO_2 laser-micro plasma arc hybrid welding for galvanized steel sheets

A laser lap welding process for zinc-coated steel has a well-known unsolved problem-porosity formation. The boiling temperature of coated zinc is lower than the melting temperature of the base metal, which is steel. In the autogenous laser welding, the zinc vapor generates from the lapped surfaces expels the molten pool and the expulsion causes numerous weld defects, such as spatters and blow holes on the weld surface and porosity inside the welds. The laser-arc hybrid welding was suggested as an alternative method for the laser lap welding because the arc can preheat or post-heat the weldment according to the arrangement of the laser beam and the arc. CO2 laser-micro plasma hybrid welding was applied to the lap welding of zinc-coated steel with zero-gap. The relationships among the weld quality and process parameters of the laser-arc arrangement, and the laser-arc interspacing distance and arc current were investigated using a full-factorial experimental design. The effect of laser-arc arrangement is dominant because the leading plasma arc partially melts the upper steel sheets and vaporizes or oxidizes the coated zinc on the lapped surfaces. Compared with the result from the laser-TIG hybrid welding, the heat input from arc can be reduced by 40%.     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲GMAW复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔宽的影响

通过试验研究了Nd:YAG激光 脉冲GMAW复合热源焊接过程中焊接工艺参数对焊缝熔宽的影响.结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔宽随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的提高而减小,而光丝间距和离焦量对复合热源焊缝熔宽影响相对较小.复合热源焊缝熔宽远大于激光焊缝熔宽而仅稍大于脉冲GMAW焊缝熔宽,说明在复合热源焊接过程中脉冲GMAW决定焊缝熔宽,这主要是由于激光束加热区域远小于电弧加热区域造成的.试验结果的分析比较还表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率的增大还极大地提高了焊接速度.     

Effect of rotating arc process on molten pool control in horizontal welding

This paper describes the effect of rotating arc process on molten pool control in narrow gap horizontal welding. From energy strategy and force strategy, technical advantages of rotating arc process in molten pool control are explored. On the one hand, because of the decrease of temperature and holding time in weld centre, rotating arc process limits the tendency of molten pool sagging with the arc rotating frequency no more than 10 Hz, which is indicated from the simulation results of heat distribution characteristics. On the other hand, rotating arc process induces the flow of molten metal in the weld width direction by the periodical effect of arc force and droplets impingement, which is observed by the high speed photography system. This oscillation propels the molten metal at lower side against the effect of gravity to flow to the upper side, which is beneficial for the molten pool formation of horizontal welding.     

脉冲激光-电弧复合焊接镁合金过程中熔池行为与气孔产生的关系研究

激光-电弧复合焊接镁合金过程中气孔是一种重要缺陷。本文针对复合热源焊接过程中熔池行为和激光匙孔引起的气孔之间的关系进行了实验研究。研究中重点考查了激光脉冲对熔池的冲击作用，匙孔的动态行为以及气孔的形成规律。研究结果表明激光脉冲的参数决定其对液态熔池的冲击作用，较强的激光脉冲作用可以有效抑制气孔的形成；液态金属的行为主要有匙孔行为主导；匙孔的尺寸和开-闭状态直接影响焊后气孔的形成；过高的激光脉冲功率会导致焊后气孔的形成；匙孔开口维持时间越长，焊后气孔数量越少。     

CO2 laser-micro plasma arc hybrid welding for galvanized steel sheets

A laser lap welding process for zinc-coated steel has a well-known unsolved problem-porosity formation. The boiling temperature of coated zinc is lower than the melting temperature of the base metal, which is steel. In the autogenous laser welding, the zinc vapor generates from the lapped surfaces expels the molten pool and the expulsion causes numerous weld defects, such as spatters and blow holes on the weld surface and porosity inside the welds. The laser-arc hybrid welding was suggested as an alternative method for the laser lap welding because the arc can preheat or post-heat the weldment according to the arrangement of the laser beam and the arc. CO₂ laser-micro plasma hybrid welding was applied to the lap welding of zinc-coated steel with zero-gap. The relationships among the weld quality and process parameters of the laser-arc arrangement, and the laser-arc interspacing distance and arc current were investigated using a full-factorial experimental design. The effect of laser-arc arrangement is dominant because the leading plasma arc partially melts the upper steel sheets and vaporizes or oxidizes the coated zinc on the lapped surfaces. Compared with the result from the laser-TIG hybrid welding, the heat input from arc can be reduced by 40%.     

Effects of torch configuration and welding current on weld bead formation in high speed tandem pulsed gas metal arc welding of steel sheets

Abstract

Undercut and humping bead are the common defects that limit the maximum welding speed of tandem pulsed gas metal arc (GMA) welding. In order to increase the maximum welding speed, effects of the inclination angle, interwire distance and welding current ratio between the leading wire and trailing wire on bead formation in high speed welding are investigated. The undercut and humping bead is attributed to the irregular flow of molten metal towards the rear part of the weld pool. This irregular flow can be prevented by the trailing wire with a push angle from 5° to 13° , which provides an appropriate component of arc force in the welding direction. The irregular flow is also related to the distance between the leading wire and the trailing wire, and the flow becomes regular when the distance is in the range 9–12 mm. Moreover, the stabilisation of the bulge of the weld pool between the two wires, the presence of enough molten metal below the trailing arc, and the reduced velocity of molten metal flow towards the rear part of the weld pool, are essential to increase the maximum welding speed. These conditions can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of the leading arc current to the trailing arc current. A maximum welding speed as high as 4–4·5 m min^?1 is achieved by setting the current ratio to a value ranging from 0·31 to 0·5.     

外加横向磁场对高速GMAW焊缝成形的影响

对于高速熔化极气体保护焊接（GMAW）过程,当焊接速度超过临界值后,会出现驼峰焊道,焊缝成形变差.研究证明,熔池中动量很大的后向液体流是产生驼峰焊道的主要原因.研发了外加横向磁场发生装置,通过产生的电磁力来抑制后向液体流的动量,从而抑制驼峰焊道的形成.应用特斯拉计测试和考察了工件上磁感应强度大小及分布的影响因素.通过开展焊接工艺试验分析了不同强度的外加磁场作用下的焊缝成形规律.结果表明,外加横向磁场能明显调控熔池流态,有效抑制驼峰焊道和咬边等缺陷,显著改善焊缝成形,提高临界焊接速度.