硅含量对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

集中阐述了硅含量对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响。大量研究资料表明：在不锈钢中添加不同含量的硅,其耐蚀性能有所不同,硅作为易钝化元素对耐蚀性能的影响是有益的。硅含量并非越高越好,其最佳加入量大约在５％左右。最近的研究表明：少量稀土的添加可能使高硅不锈钢的钝化膜性能得到显著改善,从而提高其耐腐蚀性能     

表面电镀钯膜的316L不锈钢在高温稀硫酸/硫酸盐溶液中的耐蚀性

采用电化学极化与电化学阻抗谱及浸泡试验等方法,研究了316L不锈钢表面电镀钯膜在94℃的10%H2SO4+250g/L Na2SO4+16g/L ZnSO4溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明,电镀钯使不锈钢的腐蚀电位大幅提高700mV,促进了不锈钢表面的钝化,使其耐蚀性能得到明显提高。当体系中加入一定浓度的氯离子(100~1 000mg·L)后,镀钯试样的自腐蚀电位仍然处于316L不锈钢的钝化电位区间,阻抗值明显下降,其腐蚀速率比不锈钢试样的腐蚀速率显著下降,表明含氯条件下表面镀钯仍可明显提高不锈钢的耐蚀性能。     

F28不锈钢在尿素介质中形成的钝化膜研究

采用XPS和AES技术研究了F28低偏析奥氏体不锈钢在尿素合成介质中形成的钝化膜,并与化学成分类似的Sanicro28合金在相同条件下形成的钝化膜作了对比.结果表明,降低磷、硫和硅等杂质元素的偏析,使钢抗腐蚀性能提高的原因在于增加了钝化膜的Cr2O3含量,改善了钝化膜的防护能力.     

硼酸-硼砂介质中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜的侵蚀性

 Mott-Schottky图、Nyquist图及阳极极化曲线测定研究了硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜耐蚀性能的影响，结果表明：随浸泡时间增加不锈钢电极阻抗值增大，但硫离子加入后阻抗值快速降低；阳极极化曲线测定显示硫离子使不锈钢钝态电流增大；硫离子浓度的增加使不锈钢电极的Mott-Schottky图中体现p-型半导体(铬氧化物)性质的直线段发生较大变化，说明硫离子影响了钝化膜中铬氧化物的性质，使其耐蚀性能降低. 钝化膜      

模拟水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠对不锈钢的缓蚀作用

利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线和Mott-Schottky图研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在含硫离子和氯离子的模拟水中对不锈钢电极的缓蚀性能。结果表明,在含硫离子的模拟冷却水中加入SDBS可以使不锈钢电极的阻抗值增大,点蚀电位提高,不锈钢钝化膜的载流子浓度减小,SDBS有效地提高了不锈钢在含硫离子水体中的耐蚀性能。模拟水中氯离子浓度的增加使不锈钢电极的点蚀电位下降,点蚀敏感性增加,加入SDBS后不锈钢电极的点蚀电位提高,甚至出现过钝化,SDBS抑制了模拟水中氯离子对不锈钢的侵蚀。     

硫化氢对不锈钢在酸性体系中腐蚀行为影响的研究

采用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗和电子探针等方法，研究了硫氢浓度对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在0．05mol/LH2SO4体系中的腐蚀行为的影响，结果表明：（1）随硫化氢浓芳的增加，1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的腐蚀被加速，钝化区变窄，且维钝电流密度变大；（2）硫化氢的加入使不锈钢表面钝化膜被破坏，随硫化氢浓度的增加，钝化膜有一个从减薄到完全破坏的过程。     

DP-1型缓蚀剂抑制硫离子对304不锈钢的侵蚀作用

利用极化曲线和Mott-Schottky图研究了DP-1型缓蚀剂对含硫离子的模拟冷却水中不锈钢腐蚀的抑制作用。结果发现,硫离子降低了不锈钢的耐蚀性能;DP-1型缓蚀剂的加入使不锈钢钝态电流密度和钝化膜载流子浓度随硫离子浓度的增加而增大的幅度大大降低,说明该缓蚀剂抑制了硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜的侵蚀作用。     

铜对铬锰不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

采用失重法、电化学极化曲线法、SEM、EDS、XRD等分析手段,分析了铜对铬锰不锈钢耐蚀性的影响及其机制。结果表明:随着铜加入量的增加,不锈钢表面产生的氧化膜变得致密,不锈钢的腐蚀减缓,耐蚀性提高。铬锰钢中的铜,以Cu2+形式在表面还原富集,降低不锈钢的活性溶解速度,有效地促进了不锈钢钝化膜的形成,从而显著提高其在稀硫酸中的耐腐蚀性能。     

模拟水中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜破坏作用的光电化学研究

采用光电化学方法研究了模拟冷却水中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜的破坏作用.结果表明,不锈钢钝化膜显示n-型光响应,最大吸收峰出现在310 nm处.不锈钢钝化膜在电位约-0.35 V开始出现光电流,随电位升高,光电流增大.钝化膜禁带宽度Eg随电位的升高而减小,并逐渐向铁氧化物的Eg靠近.模拟冷却水中加入硫离子使不锈钢钝化膜的光电流增大,Eg减小.硫离子的浓度越大,测得的光电流越大,而Eg越小,这可归因于钝化膜膜电阻的降低及钝化膜中氧化铬含量的减少.     

轧制纳米块体304不锈钢腐蚀行为的研究Ⅰ.钝化膜耐氯离子侵蚀能力

用深度轧制方法获得了块体纳米304不锈钢材料．通过动电位极化曲线和Mott-Schottky分析等电化学测试手段，探讨了轧制纳米块体304不锈钢与普通304不锈钢（304ss）在0．05mol／L H2SO4＋0．05mol／L NaCl溶液中钝化膜的耐Cl^-侵蚀性能．研究表明，深度轧制使304不锈钢组织内部形成高密度纳米尺度孪晶；纳米化表面可以形成致密的钝化膜，使其耐Cl^-侵蚀能力提高．对钝化膜半导体性能分析结果表明，轧制纳米块体不锈钢钝化膜中的载流子密度有所下降，这在一定程度上抑制了钝化膜的电化学反应历程，从而进一步提高了钝化膜的化学稳定性．     

耐蚀泵用高硅铸造不锈钢的组织与耐蚀性能的研究

设计了新型高硅铸造不锈钢，研究了该钢的组织和耐蚀性能。结果表明，在高温浓硫酸介质中，新型高硅不锈钢比Lewment55合金具有更好的耐蚀性，且其成本低，综合性能好，具有广阔的应用前景。     

Corrosion of carbon steel pipes and tanks by concentrated sulfuric acid: A review

The corrosion of carbon steel storage tanks and pipes by concentrated sulfuric acid is a great concern. The contact of carbon steel with concentrated sulfuric acid generates an immediate acid attack with the formation of hydrogen gas and ferrous ions, which, in turn, form a protective layer of FeSO₄ on the metallic surface. This work presents a review of carbon steel corrosion in concentrated sulfuric acid. The corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in sulfuric acid, accelerating factors, types of carbon steel corrosion and the preventive methods against this corrosion are outlined.     

Untersuchung über die Schwingungsrißkorrosion rost- und säurebeständiger Stähle in Schwefelsäure hoher Konzentration

Investigation into corrosion fatigue of stainless steels in high concentrated sulfuric acid Four commercial stainless steels (mat. Nos. 1.4539, 1.4586, 1.4571 and 1.4462) were tested in 96% and 90% sulfuric acid of 80 °C as to their corrosion fatigue strength by subjecting notched round bars to the rotary bending test. At the same time, the efficiency of anodic protection was examined. With all four steels, the alternating bending strength obtained in the air is essentially reduced. The semiaustenitic steel Nr. 1.4462 shows a lower corrosion fatigue strength than the three austenitic steels. Although making the corrosion fatigue strength of steels better calculable, anodic protection proves insufficient to completely prevent notched round bars from corrosion fatigue in concentrated sulfuric acid.     

Nicrofer 2509 Si 7, ein neuer korrosionsbeständiger Werkstoff für die Handhabung heißer,hochkonzentrierter Mineralsäuren

Alloy 700 Si, a new corrosion resistant material for handling of hot, highly concentrated mineral acids By means of a suitable adjustment of chromium and nickel it has been achieved to create a malleable austenitic nickel-chromium steel with about 7 wt.% silicon. This new steel is corrosion resistant in highly concentrated sulfuric acid up to 150°C (96% H₂SO₄) or up to about 200°C (98.5% H₂SO₄). In contrast to other steels being used for handling of hot highly concentrated sulfuric acid (e.g. AISI 310 L), the new steel is able to withstand short-time excursions as to higher temperatures as to lower acid concentrations without the consequence of catastrophic corrosion. The new steel suffers nearly no attack at all in boiling 100% HNO₃. Due to its excellent ductility in the solution annealed condition the new steel lends itself to the manufacture of plate-type heat exchangers. According to experience gained hitherto the new 7% Si steel is weldable without degradation of its corrosion resistance. However, in order to obtain a sufficient ductility of the weldments special measures might be required as e.g. welding with very low heat input, solution annealing of the welded components, or use of roll-clad material where the new 7% silicon steel is present as a corrosion resistant cladding on a load hearing structure of carbon steel, the latter with the advantage of substantial cost savings. Welding with very low heat input (e.g. laser beam welding) is most effectively made on thin sections, e.g. when manufacturing welded tubes with a wall thickness of some mm whereas the use of roll-clad material has to be considered for larger installations. The new steel is also available as cast material.     

新型铸造不锈钢耐硫酸腐蚀性能研究

在生产条件下采用铸造法制备了一种新型的耐硫酸腐蚀不锈钢。利用腐蚀试验研究了温度、硫酸浓度对多元合金化的新型铸造不锈钢腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,元素的相互作用使合金的钝化能力增强,在50℃、20%的硫酸腐蚀条件下,合金腐蚀率可降低到1 g.m-.2h-1。     

Tribocorrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel in 0.5 mol/L Sulfuric Acid

The tribocorrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel was studied through comparing the damage behavior of 304 stainless steel in dilute sulfuric acid to that in distilled water by a reciprocating tribotester. The re-passivation behavior, the surface and sectional morphological features, as well as the change of microhardness of samples were studied, and the tribocorrosion mechanism was also discussed. The experimental results reveal that the damage of stainless steel in dilute sulfuric acid was caused by the steel's mechanical removal and electrochemical dissolution. The wear mechanism of stainless steel is abrasive wear, which mainly consists of micro-cutting and peeling. The synergetic action between corrosion and wear is notable. The corrosive environment leads to the embrittlement of the surface layer, and the wear destroys the passivation film and causes galvanic corrosion.     

三种不锈钢在含硫酸的水砂介质中的耐腐蚀磨损性能

利用自行设计的腐蚀磨损试验装置研究了三种不锈钢在不同固液比、硫酸浓度和线速度的条件下的耐腐蚀磨损性能；结果表明，在低硫酸浓度、高固液比和高线速度的条件下，沉淀硬化马氏体不锈钢具有良好的耐腐蚀磨损性能：而在腐蚀性较强、线速度较大的条件下，双相不锈钢的耐腐蚀磨损性能优于沉淀硬化马氏体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢；第二相强化奥氏体不锈钢在腐蚀性较强、耐磨性较弱的环境中耐腐蚀磨损性能较好。     

硫磺制酸系统余热锅炉二级过热器管失效原因分析

采用金相、EMPA、X—射线衍射和化学分析等方法对南京磷肥厂使用十个月后未经保护的12CrMoV和使用一年后经喷铝保护的12CrMov及18-8不锈钢管取样进行了分析。结果表明,二级过热器管的失效起因于管子表面的高温氧化和硫化腐蚀。 未经保护的12CrMoV管腐蚀严重,其腐蚀产物是非保护性氧化皮和铁的硫化物,而经喷铝保护的12Cr_1MoV管和18-8不锈钢管在该腐蚀条件下,由于生成能阻止O_2和S侵入金属的Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3保护膜而表现出良好的抗腐蚀性能。 根据上述结果,提出了可能的腐蚀机制及其解决途径。     

New high-silicon corrosion-resistant steel 02Kh8N20S6

Conclusion The large silicon and relatively low chromium concentrations in steel 02Kh8N20S6 (as compared with standard stainless steels) make it possible to obtain high corrosion resistance and resistance to intercrystalline corrosion in highly concentrated nitric acid.I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 30–32, May, 1976.