光催化二氧化钛溶胶的制备

以TiOSO4为原料、氨水为沉淀剂、H2O2为络合剂合成出含有针状锐钛矿晶粒的TiO2溶胶,该溶胶具有光催化活性.用XRD、TEM等对产物结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明钛酸沉淀pH值、H2O2的加入量、回流时间对二氧化钛溶胶光催化效果有影响.当PTA回流4.75 h所得的RS-4.75的光催化效果最好,在可见光下对甲基橙降解率为52.8%.在PTA溶胶回流过程中增加冷却过程,相对于无冷却过程,材料的光催化性能得到了提高.PTA先回流3 h,溶胶冷却至室温,再回流1 h的溶胶的甲基橙降解率为48%,高于RS-4溶胶的光催化性能.     

NiMoO_4纳米颗粒的溶胶-凝胶法合成及其组织、形貌、光学、磁学和光催化性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成钼酸镍(NiMoO_4)纳米颗粒。以水作为溶剂使所得产品具有纳米晶结构。使用X射线衍射、能量分散X射线分析(EDX)和傅里叶转换红外光谱等手段对纳米晶进行结构表征。使用扫描电镜和透射电镜对纳米晶颗粒的尺寸大小和形貌进行观察。结果表明,所得纳米颗粒和纯度较高,为单相单斜结构。采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和光致发光测量法研究室温下产品的光学性能。采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究样品的磁性能。结果显示,所得样品具有超顺磁行为。考察了NiMnO_4样品的光催化活性。结果显示,添加TiO_2能提高NiMnO_4的光催化活性。测定了催化剂NiMnO_4、TiO_2和NiMoO_4-TiO_2纳米颗粒对4-氯酚(4-CP)的光催化降解行为。光催化降解结果显示,NiMoO_4-TiO_2纳米颗粒的光催化降解效率高于NiMnO_4和TiO_2的。     

ZnNiAl水滑石基复合金属氧化物的制备及其高效光催化性能（英文）

采用水热法将ZnNiAl金属盐溶液混合制得一系列水滑石前驱体,通过在不同温度下焙烧后获得ZnO/NiO/ZnAl_2O_4纳米复合物。利用SEM、HRTEM、TEM、XRD、BET、TG-DTA和UV-VisDRS测试方法对样品进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射下,通过测定甲基橙溶液的光催化降解率来评价样品的光催化活性。研究Zn/Ni/Al摩尔比、焙烧温度等对样品结构组成、形貌及光催化活性的影响。结果表明,相比水滑石前驱体,ZnO/NiO/ZnAl_2O_4纳米复合物有更好的光催化性能,当原料中Zn/Ni/Al摩尔比为2:1:1时,在600°C焙烧所得的催化剂具有最佳光催化活性。在模拟太阳光照射下,60min内对浓度为100mg/L甲基橙的降解率达97.3%,相同条件下远远超过了Degussa P25的活性。并且对ZnO/NiO/ZnAl_2O_4纳米复合物可能的光催化机理进行了探讨。     

ZnO／Ag纳米复合材料光催化性能研究

通过XRD、TEM测试研究了自制ZnO／Ag纳米复合材料的结构和形貌，通过UV检测确定了以该纳米复合材料为光催化剂，在不同条件下对甲基橙的光催化降解率。结果表明：与空气煅烧相比，真空煅烧所得纳米复合材料的光催化降解效果更好，且光催化降解率随纳米复合材料用量增加而增大：甲基橙溶液的pH在5左右时，光催化降解率最高：H2O2浓度为0．9g／L时，光催化降解率可达100％。     

磷酸修饰ZnO/ZnAl_2O_4纳米复合球状光催化剂及其活性

采用一步水热法制备ZnO/ZnAl_2O_4复合光催化剂前驱体。用不同量的磷酸溶液通过浸渍蒸干法对样品进行修饰,并于不同温度下焙烧获得高活性ZnO/ZnAl_2O_4纳米复合光催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET和TG-DTA等技术对所得样品进行表征。在模拟太阳光下,以光催化降解甲基橙和还原CO_2评价样品的光催化活性,并考察磷酸修饰量、样品焙烧温度对光催化活性的影响。结果表明:磷酸修饰可提高样品的高温稳定性、晶化程度及比表面积。当磷酸修饰量为n(Zn):n(P)为100:2.0时,经500℃焙烧后所得样品的光催化活性最佳。当光催化剂用量为0.5 g/L时,在60 min内对25 mg/L甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到98%,较未修饰样品的提高15.3%。对最佳条件下所得样品进行CO_2光催化还原,当催化剂用量为1.0 g/L、反应6 h后,所得还原产物中甲醇的生成量为1.60mmol/g。     

多孔金属负载多沟道结构TiO_2光催化膜系统

以泡沫金属为载体,研制了一种多沟道结构的二氧化钛光催化膜,用于有机毒性物质的降解净化.所得体系为多孔结构的光催化反应系统.分析在多孔载体上所得膜层的表面形貌,并考察该体系的光催化活性.研究发现,其表面结构呈两类区域:一是由纳米二氧化钛颗粒结成的平整区,该平整区是一个连续性的整体结构;另一是"镶嵌"在平整区上的"沟道",这些"沟道"是相互孤立地存在的,尺度为微米级.整个表面即为具有许多"沟道"的二氧化钛薄膜.这些沟道在多孔载体的基础上进一步增大了所得光催化膜的表面积,从而提高了多孔金属负载二氧化钛薄膜系统的光催化降解效率.     

Ag掺杂改性TiO2催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

邻苯二甲酸酯是环境中普遍存在的有机污染物(内分泌干扰物)之一。通过湿式机械混合法制备了Ag掺杂改性TiO2催化剂。光催化降解实验结果表明Ag掺杂浓度为1×10-4mol/g,焙烧活化处理温度为400℃下所得的催化剂活性较好。对降解体系的研究表明,当催化剂的投加量为0.1～0.3 g/L、pH=5～8时降解效率较高(62.0%)。相对于催化剂的降解过程而言,催化剂颗粒对污染物的吸附作用较小,因此光催化反应主要以降解过程为主。最后利用荧光光谱对催化剂的性能进行了初步表征。     

水热法制备掺Mn的ZnS纳米线及其磁学性能

采用水热法在低温下制备了MnxZn1-xS纳米线.MnxZn1-xS纳米线的形貌和微观结构用透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行表征.磁性能用振动样品磁强计进行测试.MnxZn1-xS的形貌取决于Mn的含量和在ZnS纳米粒子内外的分布.未掺杂Mn的ZnS纳米线的直径和长度分别为80～200nm和10～20μm.随着Mn含量的增加,MnxZn1-xS纳米线的平均直径逐渐增加,长径比不断减小.X射线衍射结果表明MnxZn1-xS纳米结构结晶性好,为六方纤锌矿结构.在Mn的掺杂量为0.25%时,矫顽力达到最大.随着Mn掺杂量的增加,饱和磁化强度也不断非线性增强.     

ZnO/ZnAl_2O_4异质结光催化剂的光催化降解和杀灭大肠杆菌性能（英文）

通过共沉淀法制备ZnO/ZnAl2O4纳米异质结光催化剂,利用HRTEM、TEM、XRD、BET、TG-DTA和UV-Vis DRS测试方法对样品进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射下,通过测定甲基橙溶液的光催化降解率和对大肠杆菌的杀灭率来评价样品的光催化活性。研究催化剂的组成、焙烧温度、催化剂的用量和不同光源对样品光催化活性的影响。结果表明,当原料中Zn与Al摩尔比为1:1.5时,在600°C焙烧所得的催化剂具有最佳光催化活性。在模拟太阳光照射下,在50 min内1.0 g/L光催化剂对甲基橙的降解率达98.5%;在60 min内,在相同条件下对大肠杆菌(106 CFU/mL)的杀菌率达到99.8%。     

载银氧化锌多孔微棒的合成与光催化性能(英文)

采用均匀沉淀法于80°C下水热2h合成棒状掺银酒石酸锌,以此为前驱体通过直接热分解制备不同含银量的多孔载银氧化锌微米棒。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-VIS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对所得产物的结构和形貌进行表征,并进一步研究多孔载银氧化锌的光催化活性。结果表明:银的掺入提高了多孔氧化锌的光催化效率。掺杂量为3%(摩尔分数)的多孔氧化锌微棒的光催化效率最高,在120min内可使80%的甲基橙降解,且在太阳光下显示良好的光催化活性。     

Photoluminescence of CdxZn1−xO films grown on sapphire substrate by PLD technique

In this paper, the structural and optical properties of Cd_xZn_1−xO films were studied. The films were deposited by pulse laser deposition (PLD). The Cd concentration was changed in the range from x = 0 to 0.2. The structure of the films was characterized by an atom force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical band gap of the films was measured by using transmission and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The exciton recombination dynamics was investigated by means of the time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of the films at 77 K.     

dc-Magnetic susceptibility and EPR studies of vapour phase grown Cd1−xCoxTe crystals

Cd_1−xCo_xTe crystals (x = 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007 and 0.009) were grown by vapour phase technique. The grown diluted magnetic semiconducting (DMS) crystals were subjected to magnetization and dc-magnetic susceptibilities at room temperature. EPR spectra were recorded at 20 K for samples of all compositions. EPR spectra exhibited a broad resonance band around g  5.43. All the studies indicated the paramagnetic nature of the samples.     

Growth and characterization of chemical bath deposited Cd1−xZnxS thin films

Cd_1−xZn_xS (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films have been deposited by chemical bath deposition method on glass substrates from aqueous solution containing cadmium acetate, zinc acetate and thiourea at 80 ± 5 °C and after annealed at 350 °C. The structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the deposited Cd_1−xZn_xS thin films have been studied by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) and UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that for x < 0.8, the crystal structure of Cd_1−xZn_xS thin films was hexagonal structure. For x > 0.6, however, the Cd_1−xZn_xS films were grown with cubic structure. Annealing the samples at 350 °C in air for 45 min resulted in increase in intensity as well as a shift towards lower scattering angles. The parameters such as crystallite size, strain, dislocation density and texture coefficient are calculated from X-ray diffraction studies. SEM studies reveal the formation of Cd_1−xZn_xS films with uniformly distributed grains over the entire surface of the substrate. The EDX analysis shows the content of atomic percentage. Optical method was used to determine the band gap of the films. The photoluminescence spectra of films have been studied and the results are discussed.     

Magnetic phase diagram of CrTe1−xSbx (0.0≤x≤1.0)

Measurements of the high field magnetization of CrTe_1−xSb_x (0.0≤x≤1.0) were carried out at 4.2 K in pulsed magnetic fields up to 300 kOe. The temperature dependence of the magnetization of CrTe_1−xSb_x was measured in the temperature range from 4.2 K to 800 K. The magnetic phase diagram of CrTe_1−xSb_x (0.0≤x≤1.0) was determined, which is similar to the typical one for the mixed crystals of the layered antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic compounds proposed by de Gennes.     

Thermoelectric properties of hot-pressed Zn4Sb3−xTex

A series of samples have been fabricated through vacuum melting method followed by hot-pressing for Zn₄Sb_3−xTe_x (x = 0.02–0.08), XRD patterns indicated that all the samples were single-phased β-Zn₄Sb₃. Electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were evaluated in the temperature range of 300–700 K, showing p-type conduction. The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) was increased with the increase of Te content. ZT values of 0.8 and 1.0 were obtained at 673 K for Zn_4.08Sb₃ and Zn₄Sb_2.92Te_0.08, respectively.     

The photocatalytic activity of sprayed Zn1 − xMgxO thin films

ZnO has received much attention in the degradation and complete mineralization of environmental pollutants. For the purpose of increasing the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO, Mg was doped into ZnO thin films.Zn_1 − xMg_xO thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates. The deposition temperature was 500 °C. Mg concentration was varied in the range of 0.0 to 0.3 in intervals of 0.05. The pure ZnO films were polycrystalline with preferred orientation (100). Zn_1 − xMg_xO becomes amorphous with increasing Mg concentration. The optical band gap of Zn_1 − xMg_xO changes from 3.26 to 3.59 eV with increasing Mg content. Also, the photocatalytic activity increased with Mg, and the film with x = 0.3 showed the best result.     

Effect of Yb substitution on microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of negative thermal expansion Zr1−xYbxWMoO8−x/2 (x = 0–0.05) ceramic

Cubic Zr_1−xYb_xWMoO_8−x/2 (x = 0–0.05) ceramic was first fabricated by a polymorphous precursor transition method. X-ray diffraction experiment indicates that samples with x ≤ 0.05 are single phase solid solution. The measured bulk density, microstructure, maximal compression strength and Young's modulus are obviously sensitive to Yb substitution level, while none of such sensitivity was found for the lattice parameters, negative thermal expansion coefficients and Vickers hardness. Drilling tests on Zr_0.96Yb_0.04WMoO_7.98 ceramic indicate good machinability, which is often required for quality and shape control in engineering applications.     

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with post-heat treatment of La1−xSrxFeO3 (x = 0–1) perovskite as catalyst for soot combustion

La_1−xSr_xFeO₃ (x = 0–1) perovskite, Sr-substituted LaFeO₃, was prepared by Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and its catalytic activity for soot combustion was experimentally examined in comparison with that of a conventional Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The products were also characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and BET specific surface area. The XRD analysis revealed that all the products had a perovskite phase as the major compound, together with intermediate phases with higher x values (x = 0.7–1). The BET specific surface area of the products increased with x. Moreover, the catalytic activity for soot combustion also increased with x, wherein the BET specific surface area appeared an appropriate index for explaining the observed activity. The sample with x = 0.8 exhibited the highest activity for soot combustion among all the SHS products. The soot combustion temperature of this product was as much as 100 °C lower than that of non-catalytic soot combustion. In other words, it had the same activity as that at only 20 °C higher, in comparison to conventional Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst. More significantly, average apparent activation energy of sample with x = 0.8 calculated by Friedman method using TG/DTA was approximately 15 kJ/mol lower than that of Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst. This result suggested that La_1−xSr_xFeO₃ has the possibility to be an alternative catalyst to Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst.     

Microstructure and photocatalytic activity of Ni-doped ZnS nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method

Pure ZnS and Ni²⁺-doped ZnS nanorods (Zn_1-xNi_xS, x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, mole fraction, %) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effects of Ni²⁺ doping on the phase-structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Zn_1-xNi_xS nanorods was evaluated by the photodegradation of organic dyes Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The results show that all samples exhibit wurtzite structure with good crystallization. The morphologies are one-dimensional nanorods with good dispersion, and the distortion of the lattice constant occurs. The band gap of Zn_1-xNi_xS samples is smaller than that of pure ZnS, thus red shift occurs. Ni²⁺-doped ZnS nanocrystals can enhance photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of RhB. Especially, Zn_0.97Ni_0.03S sample exhibits better photocatalytic performance and photocatalytic stability for the decomposition of RhB.     

Investigation of the microwave dielectric properties of Ca1−xMgxLa4Ti5O17 ceramics for application in coplanar patch antenna

In this paper, the dielectric properties of Ca_1−xMg_xLa₄Ti₅O₁₇ ceramics at microwave frequency have been studied. The diffraction peaks of Ca_(1−x)Mg_xLa₄Ti₅O₁₇ ceramics nearly unchanged with x increasing from 0 to 0.03. Similar X-ray diffraction peaks of Ca_0.99Mg_0.01La₄Ti₅O₁₇ ceramic were observed at different sintering temperatures. A maximum density of 5.3 g/cm³ can be obtained for Ca_0.99Mg_0.01La₄Ti₅O₁₇ ceramic sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h. A maximum dielectric constant (_r) and quality factor (Q × f) of Ca_0.99Mg_0.01La₄Ti₅O₁₇ ceramic sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h are 56.3 and 12,300 GHz (at 6.4 GHz), respectively. A near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) of −9.6 ppm/°C can be obtained for Ca_0.99Mg_0.01La₄Ti₅O₁₇ ceramic sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h. The measurement results for the aperture-coupled coplanar patch antenna at 2.5 GHz are presented. With this technique, a 3.33% bandwidth (return loss <−10 dB) with a center frequency at approximately 2.5 GHz has been successfully achieved.