喷丸对H13钢等离子渗氮处理的影响

对经1020℃淬火560℃、610℃和560℃三次回火后的H13钢进行喷丸处理,将喷丸处理后的试样在550℃下等离子渗氮1h.采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和X射线衍射仪观察和分析,对比了喷丸和未喷丸试样亚表层的显微结构,等离子渗氮后的渗层深度、截面硬度及表面物相组成.结果表明,在550℃渗氮1h的情况下,喷丸的催渗效果十分明显,喷丸后渗氮层深度从30.4μm增至51.4μm,喷丸形成的高密度胞状位错对催渗起了决定性的作用.喷丸试样的渗氮层与未喷丸试样相比,表面物相的含量不同,表面硬度较高,渗层的硬度梯度稍平缓一些.     

表面机械研磨处理对H13钢离子渗氮行为的影响

采用SEM、TEM和显微硬度计等研究了H13钢表面经机械研磨处理后520℃离子渗氮行为.结果表明,经过机械研磨(SMA)处理后H13钢表层形成了一定厚度的变形层,该变形层的晶粒尺寸10～20 nm,表面硬度约800 HV0.2.在直流脉冲渗氮炉中经520℃离子渗氮5 h后,未SMA处理和经SMA处理后的渗氮层厚度分别为65 μm和115 μm,表明机械研磨处理对H13钢离子渗氮具有明显的催渗作用.     

38CrMoAl钢喷丸预处理与稀土催渗等离子多元共渗复合工艺研究

目的探索38CrMoAl喷丸预处理与稀土离子多元共渗复合强化新工艺的效果及其机理。方法通过设计正交实验筛选出最优处理工艺,在最优工艺参数条件下进行对比试验,分别测定渗氮后各试样的表面硬度及渗层厚度,观察其金相组织,利用SEM和能谱分析研究每组试样渗氮层的性能及产生原因。结果 38CrMoAl钢喷丸预处理与稀土催渗离子多元共渗的最优工艺参数为:渗氮温度540℃,氨气流量2.0 L/min,保温时间9 h。38CrMoAl钢试样的最大硬度为1221HV,渗层厚度为355μm。38CrMoAl钢试样的金相显微组织分析表明,喷丸预处理、稀土催渗对等离子多元共渗有促进作用,两者复合工艺的多元共渗作用效果大于单一稀土催渗和等离子多元共渗工艺。38CrMoAl钢试样渗层的能谱检测结果显示,复合处理工艺与单一处理工艺相比,在同一深度渗入的氮、碳、氧元素含量以及渗层深度均有明显提高。结论喷丸预处理与稀土催渗离子多元共渗工艺优于普通多元共渗和稀土多元共渗,喷丸和稀土的复合处理可以显著增强渗层厚度和渗入元素含量,有利于材料表面性能的提升。     

热锻模表面喷丸及多元氮碳共渗复合强化工艺

分别采用喷丸处理、多元氮碳共渗及喷丸+多元氮碳共渗复合强化处理三种方法对5CrNiMo钢试样及其热锻模具进行了表面处理,采用金相显微镜、显微硬度测试仪以及高速往复微摩擦试验机等对5CrNiMo钢试样的强化层组织、显微硬度以及摩擦磨损性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,喷丸加多元氮碳共渗复合强化处理得到的渗氮白亮层的平均厚度比只经多元氮碳共渗的增加了一倍,渗层深度增加2倍,工件表面显微硬度也提高了85 HV0.5左右,同时其摩擦磨损性能也得到了显著改善。通过模具现场使用表明,采用喷丸加渗氮复合表面强化的热锻模具的使用寿命比没经喷丸预处理的提高了29%,复合处理效果显著。     

气体软氮化工艺研究新进展

气体软氮化是以渗氮为主的低温氮碳共渗,钢表面渗入氮原子的同时,还有少量的碳原子渗入而形成极其细小的碳化物,碳化物作为媒介可促进渗氮。由于该工艺处理温度低,时间短,所以工件变形小,脆性低。综述了以提高表面硬度、抑制表层脆性、高温短时等为主的气体软氮化工艺的发展状况,分别从稀土催渗、多元共渗、周期循环渗氮、可控气氛渗氮和奥氏体软氮化等5个方面阐述了气体软氮化渗层性能的影响机理和研究现状,并介绍了35钢增压喷丸表面纳米化对气体软氮化过程的影响,展望了表面纳米化用于气体软氮化的发展前景。     

强力喷丸对4Cr5MoSiVl钢离子渗氮的影响

对调质后的4Cr5MoSiVl钢进行强力喷丸处理,将喷丸处理后的试样在520℃下离子渗氮1 h。采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和X射线衍射仪对比分析了喷丸和未喷丸试样亚表层的显微组织、渗层深度、硬度分布及表面物相组成。结果表明,在520℃离子渗氮l h的情况下,喷丸的催渗效果十分明显,喷丸后渗氮层深度从31.6μm增至52.5μm,表面层显微硬度从986 HV增加到1084 HV。喷丸试样的渗氮层与未喷丸试样相比,表面物相及含量都有不同。     

稀土催渗对耐蚀氮化的影响

针对Q235钢采用常规气体氮化，其耐腐蚀性能日渐不能适应工程应用要求的问题，探索了添加稀土催渗剂对Q235钢进行稀土催渗氮化的方法。详细研究了渗氮工艺对氮化层厚度的影响。测量了渗氮试样表层硬度沿渗层深度的分布及耐蚀性能与渗氮工艺的定量关系。所有实验与观察均为稀土与常规2种渗氮试样在相同条件下平行操作并做对比分析。采用X光荧光谱仪测量了渗层稀土元素的分布。用X射线衍射仪测量了渗层的相组成。用金相显微镜观察了2种渗氮试样的显微组织。研究结果得出，稀土催渗氮化比常规氮化显著增加了氮化层的厚度，其显微硬度与耐腐蚀性能大幅提高。600℃下渗氮2h为最适宜的稀土氮化条件。     

30CrNi3钢的稀土催渗研究

对30CrNi3钢进行了稀土氮碳共渗及气体氮化试验,并与常规渗氮结果进行了对比。利用金相显微镜、显微硬度计对渗氮层深度、表面硬度进行检测并分析。结果表明:稀土催渗不仅可以加快渗氮速度,提高耐磨性,而且可以显著提高渗氮层深度及表面硬度。     

42CrMo钢的钛催渗等离子渗氮工艺

研究了不同渗氮时间下钛元素对42CrMo钢常规离子渗氮工艺的作用效果,表征分析了不同渗氮工艺下试样表面的渗层组织及性能。结果表明,钛催渗离子渗氮试样的表面硬度和渗层深度均明显高于常规离子渗氮。在535℃×3 h的工艺条件下,钛催渗离子渗氮试样渗层的表面硬度达到887.4 HV0.2,渗氮层厚度约为400μm。钛元素的加入促进了氮元素的渗透和扩散,在试样表面生成高硬度化合物TiN。相较于相同保温时间下的常规离子渗氮,钛催渗离子渗氮试样表面硬度提高了60 HV0.2,渗层厚度增加了80μm,渗氮效率提升了约25%。与常规离子渗氮相比,钛催渗离子渗氮工艺具有显著优势,不仅有利于改善渗层组织性能,增强渗氮效果,还提高了渗氮效率,使渗氮周期明显缩短。     

55SiCr弹簧钢低温渗氮的组织和性能研究

采用喷丸技术作为催渗方法促进渗氮,将经不同喷丸强度处理的55SiCr弹簧钢试样分别在370℃和390℃进行低温渗氮处理12 h,通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和HV-50Z显微硬度仪,对渗层的显微组织、硬度进行分析对比。结果表明:渗氮后弹簧表面硬度提高20%左右,随喷丸强度的提高渗氮层厚度不断加深,最低喷丸强度弹簧试样和最高喷丸强度弹簧试样其渗氮层厚度相差20μm以上。     

Wear Properties of Plasma Nitrided H13 Steel at Room and Elevated Temperature

H13 steel was nitrided using a plasma surface alloying technique at the temperature of 570℃.The nitrided layers with different thicknesses and components were obtained by changing nitriding pressure.The microstructure and composition of the nitrided layers were evaluated by optical microscopy(OM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The wear properties of the nitrided layer against Al2O3 ball at room temperature using a ball-on-disc tribometer and against Si3N4 ball at elevated temperature using a HT-2001 abrasive wear test machine were investigated.The results show that the nitrided layers are composed of compound layer and diffusion layer at the pressure of 100 and 450 Pa.No obvious compound layer appears at pressure of 200 and 300 Pa.XRD analysis shows the nitrided layers are mainly composed ofε-Fe2-3N,γ’-Fe4N,α-Fe,Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases.The surface hardness of plasma nitrided H13 steel is about 1100HV0.050 doubled that of substrate.The room temperature friction coefficient of H13 steel is reduced and wear rate is decreased by nitriding at 200 and 300 Pa.Elevated temperature wear test indicates the nitrided H13 steel at the pressure of 100 Pa shows lower friction coefficient and wear rate which are reduced more than 6 times compared with that of H13 substrate.     

渗扩时间比对AISI 316不锈钢渗氮层组织与性能的影响

采用真空两段渗氮工艺,在不同的强渗、扩散时间下对AISI 316不锈钢进行渗氮处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、显微硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验等分析了渗氮层的组织和性能。结果表明,经过12 h的真空渗氮后,AISI 316不锈钢表面形成了一层由γ′-Fe₄N、ε-Fe_2-3N和CrN等相组成的渗氮层,其表面硬度和耐磨性能相较于基体均有明显的提高。其中,渗扩时间比为1∶1(强渗6 h、扩散6 h)时的渗层厚度约为96 μm,表面硬度约为1069 HV0.5,是基体表面硬度的4.5倍,在20 N载荷下的磨损量约为基体的1/3;渗扩时间比为1∶2(强渗4 h、扩散8 h)时的渗层厚度约为120 μm,ε-Fe_2-3N相衍射峰增强,在20 N载荷下的磨损量约为基体的1/30。延长扩散时间能增加渗氮层厚度,改善表面形貌,进一步提高不锈钢的耐磨性。     

Microstructure and tribological characteristics of nitrided layer on 2Cr13 steel in air and vacuum

A 2Cr13 steel was gas nitrided in pure NH₃ gas atmosphere at 793 K for 20 h. The microstructure, composition and microhardness of the nitrided samples were examined. The tribological behaviour of the nitrided 2Cr13 steel in air and vacuum was investigated in order to analyse effects of the nitriding on wear resistance of the 2Cr13 steel. The results show that the nitrided layer consists of a compound layer and diffusion zone. The nitriding increases both the surface hardness and wear resistance of 2Cr13 steel in air and vacuum, and the anti-wear characteristic of the nitrided 2Cr13 steel in vacuum is much higher than that in air. The nitrided layer exhibits a mild wear in air, and avoids the severe wear that happens on the unnitrided steel. While the adhesion dominates the wear process in vacuum. The material transfer between the wear couples helps to improve the tribological characteristics of the nitrided layer in vacuum.     

PH13-8Mo钢的离子渗氮工艺

对PH13-8Mo钢离子渗氮工艺参数进行了研究,其中包括渗氮温度、渗氮时间及渗氮件表面粗糙度。结果表明:随渗氮温度的升高、渗氮时间的延长、零件表面粗糙度的降低,PH13-8Mo钢渗氮层厚度增加;渗氮零件表面粗糙度对渗氮层脆性等级影响较大,渗氮零件表面粗糙度为6.3 μm时,其脆性等级达到III级;渗氮时间、渗氮温度及零件表面粗糙度对渗氮层硬度影响甚微。渗氮温度540 ℃,渗氮时间22 h,零件表面粗糙度0.8 μm时,PH13-8Mo钢可获得良好的渗氮层,渗氮层厚度可达197.5 μm,渗氮层硬度可达1083 HV0.2,脆性等级为II级。     

钒对Cr12Mo模具钢渗氮层及其摩擦学行为的影响

在Cr12Mo和Cr12MoV模具钢表面进行气体渗氮处理,对比分析了V对Cr12Mo模具钢渗氮层显微结构及其摩擦学行为的影响。结果表明,气体渗氮后两种模具钢的表面均制备出深度约120 μm的渗氮层,由表及里依次为渗氮层、扩散层和基体;V提高了模具钢的耐磨性,Cr12MoV表现出较好的耐磨效果;相比V对模具钢基体和扩散层硬度的提升而言,V对渗氮层最大硬度值附近区域的硬度提升幅度更为明显;V对两种模具钢渗氮层耐磨性的影响并不明显,但V的主要贡献在于促进了渗氮时N的有效渗入,大大提高了渗氮层与扩散层间的界面结合力,避免了渗氮层与扩散层间的开裂,促使磨损机制由疲劳磨损转变为黏着磨损,进一步提高了渗氮层的服役寿命。     

复合化学热处理对G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢组织和硬度的影响

采用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计和维氏显微硬度计研究了渗氮140 h对渗碳+淬火+回火G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢微观组织及硬度的影响。结果表明,渗碳+淬火+回火后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢有效渗碳层深度为1.45 mm,渗碳层最高硬度为785 HV,心部硬度为420 HV,经渗氮处理后有效渗碳+渗氮层深度降为1.34 mm,渗氮层深度为0.22 mm,渗氮层最高硬度可达到948 HV,心部硬度为451 HV,较未渗氮试样硬度略有提高。渗碳+淬火+回火和添加渗氮处理后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢的表面洛氏硬度相当,均在62~65 HRC 之间,但渗氮处理后试样的硬度波动性较大。添加140 h渗氮的渗碳+淬火+回火后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢实现了“表面硬心部韧”的目标,渗氮层深度满足工程需要,但添加渗氮处理后G13Cr4Mo4Ni4V钢在渗碳层和渗氮层出现类网状碳化物,因此在渗氮过程中需要综合考虑渗氮层深度和微观组织,以获得良好的综合力学性能。     

离子氮化对H13钢表面CrTiAlN镀层结合强度的影响

在经过离子氮化处理的H13钢基体上,采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射法制备了CrTiAlN硬质涂层,并与未氮化的镀膜试样进行了膜基结合强度、膜层微观结构形貌及相组成的对比。结果表明:离子氮化处理可提高基体硬度,形成硬度梯度过渡;氮化+镀膜复合处理可以显著提高膜基结合强度。     

T250钢离子渗氮后的组织和性能

对固溶态的T250钢进行不同渗氮时间和渗氮温度的离子渗氮试验。采用金相分析、硬度试验、XRD测定了渗氮层的深度、硬度、显微组织和物相。试验表明,T250钢渗氮后表面硬度大于900 HV0.3,基体硬度在500 HV0.3左右。渗层中的扩散层与基体边界明显。T250钢的渗氮温度与时效温度相近,可以在渗氮过程中实现材料的时效强化。     

Effect of the initial microstructure on the plasma nitriding behavior of AISI M2 high speed steel

The nitriding behavior of AISI M2 steel was studied on samples previously submitted to two different heat treatments in order to investigate the effects of the initial microstructure on the thickness and hardness of nitrided layer. Prior to nitriding, one group of samples was fully annealed while the other group was quenched and tempered, thus acquiring the lowest and highest hardness respectively. Plasma nitriding was performed at 450 °C for 8 h with a mixture of N₂ and H₂ in a plasma reactor working under floating potential. Structural and mechanical properties of nitrided layers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and microhardness testing. Variations in surface roughness were obtained by 3D surface profilometry analysis. The thicker nitrided layer was obtained for the fully annealed samples, in which the nitrided layer is composed of γ′-Fe₄N and ε-Fe_2-3N phases plus a diffusion zone. For the hardened-tempered samples, the nitrided region mainly consisted of a diffusion zone. Plasma nitriding increased the surface hardness of the fully annealed samples by 330% and that of the quenched-tempered samples by 50%. The nitrided depth was also estimated using cross-sectional microhardness profiles; giving about 140 µm and ∼ 70 µm for the fully annealed and quenched-tempered samples, respectively. Due to the grain to grain nitrogen diffusion, plasma nitriding also increased the surface roughness. The largest roughness was obtained for the fully annealed samples, in accordance with the largest nitrided depth. The difference in the nitriding behavior was explained on the basis of the microstructural aspects of the substrates such as the concentration of the freely dispersed alloying elements and the level of compressive residual stresses.     

Corrosion properties of plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl and 1% HCl aqueous solutions

Samples of an AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel were plasma nitrided at a temperature of 420 °C, 460 °C or 500 °C for 20 h. The composition, microstructure and hardness of the nitrided samples were characterised using a variety of analytical techniques. In particular, the corrosion properties of the untreated and plasma nitrided samples were evaluated using anodic polarisation tests in 3.5% NaCl solution and immersion tests in 1% HCl acidic water solution. The results showed that plasma nitriding produced a relatively thick nitrided case consisting of a compound layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer on the 410 stainless steel surface. Plasma nitriding not only increased the surface hardness but also improved the corrosion resistance of the martensitic stainless steel. In the immersion test, nitrided samples showed lower weight loss and lower corrosion rate than untreated one. In the electrochemical corrosion tests, the nitrided samples showed higher corrosion potentials, higher pitting potentials and greatly reduced current densities. The improved corrosion resistance was believed to be related to the iron nitride compound layer formed on the martensitic stainless steel surface during plasma nitriding, which protected the underlying metal from corrosive attack under the testing conditions.