镀锌板在不同加速腐蚀环境下的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究中性盐雾环境、中性盐雾加周浸环境和中性盐雾加湿热环境下镀锌板的腐蚀行为,明确不同加速腐蚀试验环境对镀锌板腐蚀行为的影响。方法对镀锌板进行中性盐雾、中性盐雾加周浸、中性盐雾加湿热等不同类型的加速腐蚀试验,通过失重法、SEM、XRD以及极化曲线等方法,对比不同加速腐蚀试验类型对镀锌板腐蚀行为的影响。结果在三种加速腐蚀试验环境下,镀锌板的腐蚀过程基本相同:镀锌层及白色锌锈腐蚀、锌层破裂、锌层完全脱落、基体碳钢腐蚀。腐蚀产物都以Zn(OH)_2、γ-FeOOH、ZnO、Fe_2O_3等为主。三种环境下镀锌板的腐蚀都不均匀,不同位置的腐蚀情况存在一定差异。其中,中性盐雾环境下材料腐蚀情况最为严重,中性盐雾加周浸环境次之,中性盐雾加湿热环境下最轻。结论三种加速环境都是主要通过Cl~-在锌表面的沉降和溶解作用增强介质的导电性能,加剧锌层的腐蚀。在中性盐雾环境中,Cl~-浓度最高,试样腐蚀最严重。在中性盐雾加周浸环境中,SO_4~(2-)与Cl~-协同作用,腐蚀也较严重。而中性盐雾加湿热环境中,Cl~-被稀释,腐蚀情况最轻微。     

中性盐雾环境中DC06超深冲钢的腐蚀行为研究

采用宏观形貌观察,SEM,XRD和EIS等方法研究了汽车材料DC06超深冲冷轧钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为,并分析了其腐蚀机制。结果表明,在中性盐雾实验过程中,DC06超深冲冷轧钢随实验时间的延长,试样表面的腐蚀产物不断增多,腐蚀产物颜色由最初的棕红色变为黑褐色,其表面形貌由针状团簇向棉团状转变;腐蚀产物厚度不断增加,截面有较多的横向及纵向裂纹,腐蚀产物呈现分层且与基材的结合不紧密;腐蚀产物含有Fe_3O_4,α-FeOOH和γ-Fe OOH,主要为Fe_3O_4;EIS解析结果显示双电层电阻随实验时间的延长不断降低,其界面腐蚀速率呈增加趋势,且双电层电阻数值较小,腐蚀产物对材料的保护作用不明显。     

耐候钢新型表面锈层稳定剂处理及其耐3.5％NaCl溶液周浸腐蚀性能

目的解决耐候钢裸露使用初期锈液流挂与飞散的问题。方法制备了新型耐候钢表面锈层稳定剂,通过周期浸润循环腐蚀试验、锈层微观分析和电化学测试等方法研究了在模拟海洋大气环境下,锈层稳定剂对耐候钢锈层结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表面锈层稳定化处理后,耐候钢表面生成的锈层区分为致密且连续的内锈层和外锈层。室内加速腐蚀168 h后,耐候钢的失重腐蚀速率由未处理的5.71 g/(m~2×h)降低到表面处理后的3.31 g/(m~2×h),失重腐蚀速率降低了约42%。耐候钢的锈层电阻由未处理的96?·cm~2提高到表面处理后的167.7?·cm~2,锈层电阻提高了约75%。表面处理后的耐候钢锈层中,Cr元素以α-(Fe_(1-x)Cr_x)OOH的形式存在于基体与锈层的界面处,Cr元素在内锈层与基体结合处发生聚集。结论新型锈层稳定剂可以明显改善耐候钢锈层结构,细化锈层晶粒,阻碍Cl~-的渗透,有助于耐候钢表面快速生成致密、连续且稳定的保护性锈层。     

AerMet100钢在盐雾中的腐蚀与电化学特性

目的 对AerMet100钢在盐雾中的腐蚀和电化学特性进行研究,分析其腐蚀机理。方法 通过盐雾试验,观察分析AerMet100钢的腐蚀行为和腐蚀形貌,分析腐蚀产物成分。测试盐雾试验不同时间后的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,并建立等效电路模型,采用Cview和Zsimp Win软件进行等效电路和极化曲线拟合,计算自腐蚀电位、自腐蚀电流和等效元件数值,定量分析其变化规律,之后通过K-K转换验证等效电路拟合的正确性。利用扫描开尔文探针（SKP）测试盐雾试验不同时间后带锈试样的表面电位,并进行Gaussian拟合,分析其电位分布和变化规律。最后,结合试验结果,对AerMet100钢在盐雾中的腐蚀机理进行分析。结果 AerMet100钢在盐雾试验中的腐蚀形态由点蚀逐步发展为均匀腐蚀,其腐蚀产物分为两层：外锈层主要成分是β-FeOOH,内锈层主要成分是Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O3,内锈层较外锈层更为致密。盐雾试验9 d后,自腐蚀电位为–593.178 mV,自腐蚀电流为3.919 μA,腐蚀产物层电阻为4.152 ??cm2,腐蚀反应电阻为2748 ??cm2,此时试样的腐蚀倾向性最低,腐蚀产物的积聚降低了腐蚀反应速率。未腐蚀试样表面平均电位为–842.387 mV,盐雾试验6 d后为–701.686 mV,12 d后为–575.502 mV。随着盐雾试验时间的延长,试样表面平均电位升高,电位分布分散,电位差增大,分为明显的阴极区和阳极区。结论 AerMet100钢表面腐蚀产物层可有效阻止腐蚀溶液向基体的渗透和扩散,延缓腐蚀进程,对基体起到较好的保护作用。     

10CrMoAI热轧薄板不同周期盐雾腐蚀的对比分析

目的揭示10CrMoAl钢的耐腐的蚀原因及机理。方法通过对10CrMoAl钢进行盐雾试验(72、168、240 h)来模拟其海水腐蚀,并对试验后的试样进行了腐蚀速率、SEM、能谱、XRD及电化学分析及研究。结果 72、168、240 h盐雾腐蚀周期下,试样的腐蚀速率分别为2.352、1.915、2.218 mm/a。72 h盐雾腐蚀试验后,Cr和Mo主要在靠近基体一侧富集;168 h盐雾腐蚀试验后,Cr主要在靠近外表面的锈层处偏聚严重;240 h盐雾腐蚀试验后,在靠近锈层的基体一侧又出现了Cr和Mo的明显偏聚,并同时出现"白亮层"。随着腐蚀时间的延长,锈层中Fe Cr2O_4和γ-Fe_2O_3含量的变化趋势是一致的,即先不断上升,然后趋于稳定。结论随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀速率先降低后升高再降低,最后趋于稳定。腐蚀过程是一个周而复始的循环过程:Cr和Mo在锈层与基体交界处不断富集—形成耐腐蚀层—腐蚀脱落—Cr和Mo在锈层与基体交界处富集。这种富集规律对防腐蚀有一定的作用。此外,Fe Cr2O_4在锈层中含量较多时,具有显著的防腐功能。     

高铁转向架用钢G390NH在模拟海洋和工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为及产物演化规律EI北大核心CSCD

通过周浸实验结合腐蚀动力学、常规电化学、微观形貌及腐蚀产物成分分析等方法,研究了在模拟加速海洋和工业大气环境下高铁转向架用钢G390NH的腐蚀行为和产物层的演化规律。结果表明,与SO^(2-)_(3)相比,Cl^(-)具有更强的穿透能力,生成的锈层以非稳态的Fe_(3)O_(4)和γ-FeOOH为主,该锈层并不能提供非常有效的防护,造成钢的腐蚀速率始终大于6 g/(m^(2)·h)。在酸性SO^(2-)_(3)环境中,内锈层中富集了耐蚀的Cu,促进了α-FeOOH的生成,增加了锈层在酸性SO^(2-)_(3)环境中的抗腐蚀能力。     

扩散处理对23MnCrNiMo54热浸镀铝钢耐蚀性的影响

对23MnCrNiMo54热浸镀铝热扩散前后的涂层结构、电化学性能和中性盐雾腐蚀进行分析。结果表明,扩散前表面涂层呈致密的铝-铁铝层结构,扩散后表面涂层转化为带裂纹和孔洞的铁铝层。扩散前后的表层自腐蚀电流低于23MnCrNiMo54钢自腐蚀电流两个量级,扩散后自腐蚀电位最高,表层材料耐腐蚀性增加。盐雾试验发现,23MnCrNiMo54钢抗腐蚀性较差,1 h出现锈点,热浸镀铝后显著提升抗腐蚀性,24 h尚未出现明显锈点,热浸镀铝涂层对23MnCrNiMo54钢的耐腐蚀性有明显改善。热浸镀铝再经扩散处理后,4 h出现锈点,扩散前后23MnCrNiMo54钢在中性盐雾中的耐腐蚀性差异较大。造成这种差异的原因主要是扩散后涂层上的缺陷和涂层较基体更低的电位。      

2024-T3铝合金在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过循环盐雾腐蚀实验,模拟2024-T3铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀过程。采用腐蚀质量损失测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)和电化学技术分别对腐蚀117、242、362、487和598 h的2024-T3铝合金试样进行测试分析,得到腐蚀动力学、腐蚀产物和点蚀坑的形貌、腐蚀产物的成分以及表面锈层的电化学特性,研究锈层对2024-T3铝合金大气腐蚀的影响。动力学分析表明,腐蚀过程中2024-T3铝合金的表面形成了具有较好保护性的锈层;电化学测试结果表明,锈层的保护性呈现随腐蚀时间的延长先增强后减弱然后再略增强的变化过程。     

氧化石墨烯掺杂对机械镀锌层腐蚀性能的影响

为了增强传统机械镀锌层的耐腐蚀性能,采用机械镀方法,在Q235基体表面制备了Zn-GO纳米薄片复合镀层。利用拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射等表征了复合镀层的表面、截面形貌;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析了复合镀层浸泡在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,并通过中性盐雾加速腐蚀试验测试复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:GO薄片以吸附、镶嵌、夹杂3种方式与锌颗粒共沉积。与未添加GO的镀层相比,GO细化锌粉团使复合镀层更加紧密,同时GO起到电连接作用,可使复合镀层发生钝化现象,自腐蚀电位从-1.189 V正移到-1.130 V,腐蚀电流密度从749μA/cm~2降低到398μA/cm~2;GO具有很好的化学惰性和屏障效应,线性极化电阻增大了5倍;耐盐雾腐蚀试验出现白锈和红锈时间比纯锌镀层分别延长了12 h和140 h。因此,一定含量的GO掺杂能提高锌基镀层的耐腐蚀性能。     

输电塔杆用热浸镀锌钢在模拟酸雨大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过循环盐雾腐蚀实验模拟镀锌钢在酸雨大气环境中的腐蚀过程。采用腐蚀质量损失测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和电化学技术分别对腐蚀48,84,132,180和228 h的镀锌钢试样进行测试分析,得到腐蚀动力学规律、腐蚀产物成分、锈层截面形貌以及表面锈层的电化学特性。研究了锈层对镀锌钢在酸雨条件下大气腐蚀的影响。动力学分析表明,腐蚀过程中镀锌钢的表面形成了具有较好保护性的锈层;电化学测试结果表明,锈层的保护性呈现随腐蚀时间的延长先增强后减弱的变化过程。     

中性介质中Q420qD高强桥梁钢的腐蚀行为

通过中性盐雾腐蚀试验、电化学测试等手段研究了Q420qD超低碳贝氏体高强桥梁钢和其对比材料F500L-Z普钢在中性介质中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Q420qD超低碳贝氏体高强桥梁钢的耐腐蚀性优于F500L-Z普钢;其电化学阻抗值随金属材料浸泡时间的延长而增大,说明随着浸泡时间的延长,金属材料表面锈层不断加厚,逐渐增加了阻挡电解液对金属材料的侵蚀及金属材料表面金属原子失去电子向溶液中迁移的过程.     

The study on corrosion resistance of high-strength spring steel

The corrosion resistance in medium carbon high-strength spring steel was investigated in neutral salt spray of 5% NaCl solution and potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. The results showed that the corrosion process in the salt spray environment could be divided into two stages. In the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion rates of tested steels were high and rapidly decreased with increasing corrosion time. At later stages where rust layers formed and the corrosion rates of the tested steels all tended to be stable, corrosion resistance was reinforced with the increase of alloying elements, which is just new finding about formation and evolution of corrosion products of spring steel to improve corrosion resistance further in this research. The observation of corrosion products of the tested steels by energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron probe micro-analysis indicated that both Cr and V which had an obvious synergy concentrated mainly in the inner region of the rust layers, and the corrosion medium Cl^– was mainly distributed in the outer region of the rust layers.     

烧结钕铁硼电镀锌铁合金工艺与耐蚀性能

采用弱酸性氯化物镀液在钕铁硼基体上制备了高耐蚀性的锌铁合金镀层,讨论主要工艺参数对镀层铁含量的影响,优化工艺条件。采用盐雾试验(NSS)、SEM和电化学方法研究镀层的耐蚀性能和耐蚀机理。结果表明,优化工艺条件后合金镀层含铁质量分数为0.92%,钝化后在质量分数3.5%的Na Cl溶液中出白锈时间达到196 h。合金镀层对钕铁硼基体起到阳极保护的作用,镀层结晶致密,填补了钕铁硼基体的固有缺陷,同时又为获得致密的钝化膜创造了条件,减少了镀层表面的缺陷,使镀层整体具有极高的电阻,提高了其耐蚀性能。     

FeCo基大块非晶合金盐雾与电化学腐蚀研究

通过电化学测试方法与中性盐雾腐蚀实验研究Fe24 xCo24-xCr15Mo14C15B6Y2 (X=0, 2, 4, 6, 17)块体非晶合金的耐蚀性。合金在1 mol/L HCl中出现了宽的钝化区,其EIS图谱均由单一容抗弧组成,显示出良好耐蚀性;结合极化曲线与交流阻抗结果分析可得合金耐蚀性随着Co含量的增加先增大后减小,当Co含量为20%时合金耐蚀性最好。利用能谱分析(EDS)与原子力显微镜(AFM)对合金的中性盐雾腐蚀结果进行分析,可知它们的腐蚀产物主要由铁和钴的氧化物以及它们的氯化物组成。同时FeCo基大块非晶合金腐蚀程度随着Co含量的变化而变化,其盐雾腐蚀耐蚀性规律与电化学腐蚀耐蚀性规律一致。     

Ni~(2+)掺杂电合成聚苯胺膜的耐腐蚀性能

利用电化学测试技术、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对在苯胺-硫酸电解液体系中加入Ni2+改性的电化学合成聚苯胺膜(PANI)性能进行了研究。结果表明,采用恒电流法制备聚苯胺膜(PANI)时,Ni2+的加入使PANI膜的形貌由不规则片状转变为纤维状,改性后PANI膜的交流阻抗明显增大,膜的腐蚀电流降低,10%HCl点滴腐蚀时间达320 s,中性盐雾实验36 h未见锈蚀。     

The forty years of vermicular graphite cast iron development in China （Part Ⅰ）

In China, the research and development of vermicular graphite cast iron (VGCI) as a new type of engineering material, were started in the same period as in other developed countries; however, its actual industrial application was even earlier. In China, the deep and intensive studies on VGCI began as early as the 1960s. According to the incomplete statistics to date, more than 600 papers on VGCI have been published by Chinese researchers and scholars at national and international conferences, and in technical journals. More than ten types of production methods and more than thirty types of treatment alloy have been studied. Formulae for calculating the critical addition of treatment alloy required to produce VGCI have been put forward, and mechanisms for explaining the formation of dross during treatment were brought forward. The casting properties, metallographic structure, mechanical and physical properties and machining performance of VGCI, as well as the relationships between them, have all been studied in detail. The Chinese Standards for VGCI and VGCI metallographic structure have been issued. In China, the primary crystallization of VGCI has been studied by many researchers and scholars. The properties of VGCI can be improved by heat treatment and addition of alloying elements enabling its applications to be further expanded. Hundreds of kinds of VGCI castings have been produced and used in vehicles, engines,mining equipment, metallurgical products serviced under alternating thermal load, machinery, hydraulic components, textile machine parts and military applications. The heaviest VGCI casting produced is 38 tons and the lightest is only 1 kg.Currently, the annual production of the VGCI in China is about 200 000 tons. The majority of castings are made from cupola iron without pre-treatment, however, they are also produced from electric furnaces and by duplex melting from cupolaelectric furnaces or blast furnace-electric furnace. Examples of typical applications for VGCI castings are introduced in this paper. In China, the technologies such as rapid testing of the molten metal and non-destructive testing of casting microstructure still need to be improved. Several proposals are put forward in this paper in order to improve the production of VGCI.Generally speaking, in China, the research, production, and application of vermicular graphite cast iron are at the same level as in other developed countries and in some fields China even takes lead. (332 references and 5 Tables)     

The forty years of vermicular graphite cast iron development in China (Part Ⅰ)

In China, the research and development of vermicular graphite cast iron (VGCI) as a new type of engineering material, were started in the same period as in other developed countries; however, its actual industrial application was even earlier. In China, the deep and intensive studies on VGCI began as early as the 1960s. According to the incomplete statistics to date, more than 600 papers on VGCI have been published by Chinese researchers and scholars at national and international conferences, and in technical journals. More than ten types of production methods and more than thirty types of treatment alloy have been studied. Formulae for calculating the critical addition of treatment alloy required to produce VGCI have been put forward, and mechanisms for explaining the formation of dross during treatment were brought forward. The casting properties, metallographic structure, mechanical and physical properties and machining performance of VGCI, as well as the relationships between them, have all been studied in detail. The Chinese Standards for VGCI and VGCI metallographic structure have been issued. In China, the primary crystallization of VGCI has been studied by many researchers and scholars. The properties of VGCI can be improved by heat treatment and addition of alloying elements enabling its applications to be further expanded. Hundreds of kinds of VGCI castings have been produced and used in vehicles, engines, mining equipment, metallurgical products serviced under alternating thermal load, machinery, hydraulic components, textile machine parts and military applications. The heaviest VGCI casting produced is 38 tons and the lightest is only 1 kg. Currently, the annual production of the VGCI in China is about 200 000 tons. The majority of castings are made from cupola iron without pre-treatment, however, they are also produced from electric furnaces and by duplex melting from cupola-electric furnaces or blast furnace-electric furnace. Examples of typical applications for VGCI castings are introduced in this paper. In China, the technologies such as rapid testing of the molten metal and non-destructive testing of casting microstructure still need to be improved. Several proposals are put forward in this paper in order to improve the production of VGCI. Generally speaking, in China, the research, production, and application of vermicular graphite cast iron are at the same level as in other developed countries and in some fields China even takes lead. (332 references and 5 Tables)     

Corrosion behaviour of AIP NiCoCrAlYSiB coating in salt spray tests

NiCoCrAlYSiB coatings were deposited by arc ion plating (AIP) and annealed/pre-oxidised under various conditions. The corrosion behaviour of as-deposited and annealed/pre-oxidised coatings was studied by salt spray testing in a neutral mist of 5 wt% NaCl at 35 °C for 200 h. The results showed that the as-deposited NiCoCrAlYSiB coating behaved poorly while the annealed and pre-oxidised ones performed much better in salt spray tests. The dense microstructure in annealed coatings and formation of α-Al₂O₃ scales on the surface during pre-oxidation improved the corrosion resistance in salt spray test. The corrosion process was investigated from the aspects of corrosion products, and its electrochemical mechanism was proposed as well.