工业态AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形行为

研究了工业态AZ31镁合金在温度 6 2 3～ 72 3K和应变速率 1× 10 -5～ 1× 10 -3 s-1范围内的超塑性变形行为。结果表明 ,工业态AZ31镁合金表现出良好的超塑性 ,其最高断裂延伸率达到 314%,应变速率敏感指数达 0 .4。显微组织观察和断口分析表明 ,工业态AZ31镁合金超塑变形主要由晶界滑动机制所控制 ,同时 ,动态再结晶也是合金超塑变形的一种协同机制。     

AZ31镁合金超塑性及其变形机制图

在温度为400～440 ℃、应变速率为10-2～10-4 s-1范围内,研究挤压态AZ31镁合金的超塑性.结果表明,当应变速率较高时,颈缩是超塑性断裂的主要原因.温度越高,应变速率敏感指数m值越大, AZ31镁合金的超塑性伸长率越高.当应变速率较低时,空洞扩张是影响超塑性断裂的主要原因,温度越高,超塑性伸长率越低.研究了超塑性变形机理,建立了超塑性变形机制图,结果表明,温度为400 ℃或420 ℃、应变速率较低时,AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形属于溶质拖曳的位错蠕变机制;当应变速率较大时,属于攀移控制的位错蠕变机制.温度为440 ℃时,AZ31镁合金的变形机制符合晶格扩散控制的位错蠕变.     

挤压态AZ31B镁合金的超塑性研究

将铸态镁合金AZ31B在300℃以1∶6的挤压比进行挤压,在310-460℃温度范围内,以1×10^-1-1×10^-4s^-1初始应变速率,对挤压后试样作单向拉伸试验,研究AZ31B镁合金的超塑性流变行为。扫描电镜对拉伸后的试样断口进行分析。试验表明,经过热挤压可以改善镁合金的拉伸力学性能,在415℃、应变速率为1×10^-4s^-4时挤压态镁合金具有良好的超塑性,伸长率达到了380%;断口分析表明,AZ31B的超塑变形的主要机制为晶界滑移。     

挤压态AZ81镁合金的超塑性及变形机制

研究了挤压态AZ81镁合金的超塑变形行为及其变形机制.首先将AZ81镁合金进行热挤压处理,然后在不同的温度和初始应变速率下进行了超塑性拉伸试验,计算了应变速率敏感性指数.通过观察和比较不同温度下材料的稳态流变现象,分析了超塑变形机制随着温度的上升而发生变化的原因.挤压态AZ81的超塑性变形机制是晶界滑移,而孔洞的形核与断裂是变形的协调机制.     

挤压态AZ91D镁合金的微观组织及其超塑性

研究了挤压态镁合金在280～400℃和1×10-4～1×10-1s-1的超塑性流变行为。结果表明,热挤压可以明显减小AZ91D镁合金的晶粒尺寸;在340℃、1×10-4s-1的变形条件下,其最大伸长率达到487%,应变速率敏感指数m可达0.51。挤压态AZ91D镁合金超塑性变形的主要机制为晶界滑移机制。通过光镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了AZ91D镁合金超塑性变形前后的微观组织和断口形貌及其拉伸断裂机制。     

Mg-7.0Al-0.2Zn合金的超塑性及其变形机制

研究不具有典型细晶组织的挤压态Mg-7.0Al-0.2Zn(AZ70)合金的超塑性及其变形机制。结果表明:AZ70镁合金具有良好的超塑性变形行为。在380℃及1×10-3s-1的最佳变形条件下,最大伸长率为191.5%。380℃时具有良好的高应变速率(1×10-2s-1)超塑性变形能力,伸长率为161.5%。晶粒尺寸随温度的升高与应变速率的降低而增大。超塑性变形是以晶界滑移为主,表现为变形过程中晶粒组织基本保持等轴,且孔洞沿晶界形成并长大。同时孔洞的长大及连接导致最终断裂,断口形貌显示为典型的韧窝断裂特征。     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31细晶镁合金超塑性行为

借助搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备了AZ31细晶镁合金,研究对比了原始母材和各种晶粒尺寸细晶镁合金的超塑性行为。结果表明:AZ31板材平均晶粒尺寸由7.67μm细化到0.94~3.21μm。在450℃,应变速率5×10~(-4) s~(-1)时原始母材最大延伸率为630%,搅拌摩擦加工后的材料最大延伸率为405%,说明晶粒尺寸与超塑性性能没有线性关系。超塑性变形机制主要是晶界滑移,孪生对变形也有一定影响。断裂机制是晶间微小空洞的形成、长大和连接。     

AZ31/AZ61/AZ91镁合金超塑性压缩变形的本构方程

对再结晶退火后的AZ31、AZ61、AZ91镁合金进行热压缩试验，研究该系列镁合金在变形温度423～673 K和应变速率1×10^-4～1×10^-2 s^-1范围的超塑性行为，分析工艺参数、显微组织和超塑性行为之间的关系。试验结果表明，在673 K和1×10^-2 s^-1的初始应变速率下，该系列镁合金的应力应变曲线表现为明显的超塑性特征，其应变速率敏感指数分别为0.25、0.23、0.24，超塑性变形激活能分别为105.8、165.4、126.2 kJ/mol，接近其晶界自扩散活化能，并由此建立相应的超塑性压缩本构方程。     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31细晶镁合金超塑性行为研究

借助搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备了AZ31细晶镁合金,研究对比了原始母材和各种晶粒尺寸细晶镁合金的超塑性行为。结果表明：AZ31板材平均晶粒尺寸由7.67μm细化到0.94μm~3.21μm。在450℃,应变速率5×10-4/s-1时原始母材最大延伸率为630%,搅拌摩擦加工后的材料最大延伸率为405%,说明晶粒尺寸与超塑性性能没有线性关系。超塑性变形机制主要是晶界滑移,孪生对变形也有一定影响。断裂机制是晶间微小空洞的形成、长大和连接。     

AZ31B镁合金薄板超塑性气胀成形

利用热拉伸试验、气胀成形、金相显微镜和扫描电镜,研究AZ31B镁合金薄板热拉伸性能、气胀成形性能及其组织结构.结果表明:在变形温度为425℃,应变速率为1.0×10-3～6.6×10-5s-1时,其流动应力4～12MPa,延伸率则为200%～327%,挤压+热轧,冷轧的镁合金薄板表现出良好的超塑性;在变形温度为425℃,应变速率为1.0×10-3s-1条件下AZ31B镁合金板材的超塑气胀成形性能较好,胀形件的高度可达24 mm以上,其高径比大于0.80.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis