稀土Ce对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用失重分析,扫描电镜(SEM),能谱分析(EDS),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和动电位极化实验(DP)等方法研究稀土元素Ce对316L不锈钢在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl腐蚀环境中耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量的稀土元素Ce可有效减小316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的重量损失,降低其腐蚀速率,减小腐蚀表面点蚀坑的尺寸与数量,提高316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位,降低其腐蚀电流密度,增大容抗弧半径,提高耐蚀性能。因此,本文确定提高316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能的最佳稀土元素Ce含量为0.015%(质量分数),并进一步揭示了Ce改善316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的主要原因:Ce可有效降低有害元素S在晶界处偏聚,净化晶界;改善夹杂物的形貌,减小夹杂物的尺寸。     

316L不锈钢CO2输送管线的垢下腐蚀行为

为明确316L不锈钢CO₂输送管线的垢下腐蚀行为,在模拟垢下腐蚀环境中对316L不锈钢进行了电化学测试及高温高压浸泡试验。结果表明：砂垢和碳酸钙垢均会增加316L不锈钢的垢下腐蚀敏感性,削弱其再钝化能力,砂垢会导致亚稳态点蚀发生,较厚的碳酸钙垢会降低该不锈钢的自腐蚀电位;在100℃、5 MPa CO₂环境中,316L不锈钢对垢下腐蚀具有较好的耐受度,但是,当沉积垢与材料形成合适的狭缝时,其具有一定的垢下腐蚀风险。对于高温高含CO₂的316L不锈钢管线需注意防垢、除垢问题。     

基于激光重熔的不锈钢表面耐腐蚀性能研究

为了提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性,以304、316L、410和420J2不锈钢板材为原材料,采用激光重熔技术对板材表面进行处理,用光学显微镜(OM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析重熔层的微观组织,进行电化学试验,分析不锈钢重熔前后的耐腐蚀性能的变化。结果表明,激光重熔处理不锈钢表面可以改变其微观组织,细化晶粒;当激光功率为1 800 W,扫描速度为10 mm/s时,304和410不锈钢的自腐蚀电位分别为-0.005 V和-0.552 V,是基体的0.008倍和0.86倍左右;当激光功率为1 400 W、扫描速度为10 mm/s时,316L和420J2不锈钢的自腐蚀电位分别为-0.367 V和-0.577 V,是基体的0.67倍和0.98倍左右。因此,对不锈钢表面进行激光重熔处理可有效提高其耐腐蚀性能。     

夹杂物对316L不锈钢初期点蚀影响的数值模拟

稀土元素的添加通常能改善不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能。为了研究稀土元素铈对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,基于扫描电镜(SEM)、动电位极化(PDP)试验,采用有限元方法研究了含不同分布形态夹杂物的316L不锈钢在质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液中的早期腐蚀行为。结果表明:添加铈后,316L不锈钢中夹杂物的形态由长条状转变为圆形。有限元模拟发现:当腐蚀初期不锈钢暴露在溶液中的阳极面积相等时,含长条状夹杂物的不锈钢相较于含圆形夹杂物的不锈钢的纵向点蚀速度更快,点蚀坑的尺寸更大,点蚀孔窄且深,更利于点蚀的发展。当不锈钢中夹杂物面积为定值时,夹杂物的近邻分布会加快纵向点蚀速度,增加点蚀坑的数量和尺寸,点蚀孔窄且深;夹杂物远邻分布时,点蚀孔宽且浅。     

氯化铁溶液中316L和HR-2不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

分别采用浸泡腐蚀实验、电化学测试技术、扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)分析技术和慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)及应力腐蚀(SCC)实验方法对比研究了316L和HR-2奥氏体不锈钢在三氯化铁溶液中的腐蚀行为,并探讨了腐蚀机理。结果表明,不受力条件下316L和HR-2不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能均较好,316L钢呈现出较轻的点腐蚀现象。在动态拉应力作用下,316L和HR-2不锈钢均表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,原因是拉应力促进了不锈钢表面钝化膜的破裂,加速应力腐蚀裂纹的萌生和扩展。316L不锈钢的SCC敏感性稍高于HR-2不锈钢,归因于316L不锈钢点蚀敏感性稍高,因而表面钝化膜在动态拉伸载荷作用下更易于破裂。     

Ti基块体非晶合金在酸性溶液中的腐蚀行为（英文）

研究Ti_34.3Zr_31.5Cu₅Ni_5.5Be_23.7块体非晶合金在不同浓度HCl和H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀行为。电化学测试与扫描电子显微镜分析发现,在极化过程中,Cl^-离子在HCl溶液中引发点蚀损伤,点蚀电位随溶液浓度的增大而降低,被腐蚀表面的损伤程度则与溶液浓度呈正相关。在H₂SO₄溶液中材料表面形成钝化膜,表现出良好的耐蚀性。X射线光电子能谱分析发现,随着HCl溶液浓度的增加,钝化膜的稳定性降低。通过浸泡实验得到4种材料的腐蚀速率。结果显示,Ti_34.3Zr_31.5Cu₅Ni_5.5Be_23.7块体非晶合金在HCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能最好,其腐蚀速率为7.22×10^-3 mm/a,约为316L不锈钢腐蚀速率的1/1294。     

氮气辅助316L不锈钢激光-MIG复合焊接组织与耐蚀性能

为了提高纯氩气下MIG焊接316L不锈钢的稳定性、改善焊缝组织以及强化耐腐蚀性能,引入1 200 W小功率激光对MIG电弧进行诱导压缩,同时在氩气中混入氮气,探索不同流量比的Ar-N₂混合气体对焊缝微观组织及其耐腐蚀性能的影响. 结果表明,激光的诱导作用能够收缩并稳定MIG电弧,随着氮气流量的增加,焊缝的熔合线逐渐平缓,内部气孔缺陷明显降低;XRD测试和显微组织分析发现,渗氮后的焊缝内部γ相含量明显增多,中下部区域均为细小均匀的γ胞状晶,中上部区域为γ树枝晶,并且一次枝晶间距逐渐减小. 当氮气流量增加到5 L/min,焊缝的显微硬度可综合提升20 HV;电化学极化测试发现,渗氮之后的焊缝表现出更强的耐腐蚀性能. 试验证实,氮气辅助激光-MIG复合焊接工艺能够改善316L不锈钢焊缝的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能,当Ar∶N₂气体流量比为20∶5时,γ相的强化效果最显著,综合耐腐蚀性能最好.     

316L不锈钢在吸收式热泵中耐蚀性能的研究

通过电化学动电位扫描技术,采用正交试验法,研究了溴化锂(LiBr)吸收式热泵用管材316L不锈钢在热网水中的耐蚀性,建立了316L点蚀电位关于热网水温度、Cl-浓度和p H值三因素数学模型。通过腐蚀失重和电化学极化法进行了316L不锈钢在吸收器LiBr溶液中的点蚀性能研究。结果表明:温度与Cl-浓度对316L点蚀电位影响负相关,而p H值对其影响正相关,且各因素影响的显著程度为p H值温度Cl-浓度。吸收器条件下316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率仅为0.78μm/a,其表面点蚀坑多但较浅,且分布较均匀;但是316L点蚀电位Eb低于其氧平衡电位φ较多,点蚀仍可能发生。     

2507双相不锈钢在海水脱硫环境中的腐蚀行为

为了研究2507双相不锈钢在海水脱硫环境中的耐腐蚀性能，利用开路电位、电化学阻抗谱、动电位极化法、恒电位极化法、Mott-Schottky曲线和扫描电镜等研究了2507双相不锈钢在海水脱硫环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：2507双相不锈钢在海水脱硫环境中的腐蚀形式为点蚀。随着NaHSO₃浓度的增大，2507双相不锈钢的开路电位、自腐蚀电位E_corr和点蚀击穿电位E_b负移，钝化膜电阻R_ct减小，腐蚀电流密度I_corr增大，耐腐蚀性能下降。HSO^-₃与Cl^-的竞争吸附对点蚀具有协同促进作用，HSO^-₃参与钝化膜的钝化过程并形成金属硫酸盐，钝化膜点缺陷密度增大，载流子密度增大，导电性提高，钝化膜屏蔽作用下降。     

相对流速对316L钢焊缝在液态铅铋合金中腐蚀行为的影响

在核工业领域,316L不锈钢因其优异的性能常被作为核用钢种,液态铅铋合金常作为加速器次临界驱动系统(ADS)的冷却剂,高速流动的液态铅铋合金(LBE)会对316L不锈钢焊缝造成氧化腐蚀,同时氧化腐蚀后的产物也会对液态LBE造成污染,所以研究316L不锈钢焊缝在液态铅铋合金中的腐蚀行为具有重要意义. 文中对比研究了使用母材作为焊丝进行TIG焊的316L不锈钢焊缝在550 ℃动态(相对流速为1.70,2.31,2.98 m/s)液态LBE中的耐腐蚀性能,试验时间为1 500 h. 结果表明,三组试样都生成了双氧化层,外氧化层主要为Fe₃O₄,内氧化层主要为FeCr₂O₄,内氧化层相对于外氧化层较致密;随着流速的提高,元素的传质过程变快,氧化腐蚀加剧,内氧化层增厚.     

Effect of Alloying Tin on the Corrosion Characteristics of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Chloride Solutions

The effect of tin on general and pitting corrosion behaviors of the austenitic stainless steel in sulfuric acid and sodium chloride solutions was investigated by potentiostatic critical pitting temperature, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that there is an optimal tin addition which is around(0.062–0.1) wt%, and the general corrosion resistance of B316 LX with 0.08 wt% tin addition in boiling H2SO4 increased remarkably with a corrosion rate of an order of magnitude lower than that of 316 L.Hydrolyzation of tin ions induces more metastable pit occurrence on the material surface. However, the pitting resistance of B316 LX increases because tin oxides improve the density and uniformity of the passive film, and hydroxide and oxide of tin inhabit the process of pit growing. The effect of tin on pitting corrosion process is illustrated schematically.     

体能量密度对SLM成形316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响

为了探究不同体能量密度对SLM成形316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响,采用正交试验法制备不同激光功率、扫描间距和扫描速度下的SLM 316L不锈钢成形件,利用扫描电镜和电化学试验对其微观组织和自腐蚀电位进行观察和测量。结果表明,体能量密度过大或过小时,成形件表面的气孔和孔洞等缺陷较多,自腐蚀电位减小,耐腐蚀性变差。体能量密度为44.64 J/mm^-3时,SLM 316L不锈钢成形件的自腐蚀电位最高,组织表面的气孔等缺陷相对较少,耐腐蚀性最好。激光功率、扫描间距和扫描速度对SLM 316L不锈钢成形件的耐腐蚀性影响的次序为:激光功率＞扫描间距和扫描速度,最佳的工艺参数组合为激光功率250 W,扫描间距0.14 mm,扫描速度800 mm/s。     

Enhancements of Passive Film and Pitting Resistance in Chloride Solution for 316LX Austenitic Stainless Steel After Sn Alloying

In the present work, the electrochemical behavior and properties of the passive film of a new Sn-alloyed 316 LX austenitic stainless steel were investigated. With the increase in Sn content in 316 LX austenitic stainless steel from 0 to 0.21%, the critical pitting temperature value increased from 32.6 to 38.8 °C, and the pitting potential increased from 0.252 V_(SCE) to 0.317 V_(SCE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the corrosion resistance of passive film rose with the increase in Sn content, indicating a more stable passive film. The Mott–Schottky measurement revealed an n-type passive film with a decreased carrier concentration on the 316 LX austenitic stainless steel surface. The Cr, Sn~(2+) and Sn~(4+)(SnO, SnOHCl or SnO_2) enrichments were observed in the passive layer by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The enrichment of Sn and Cr in the passive film can account for the enhanced pitting resistance of 316 LX austenitic stainless steel in chloride solution.     

Sliding Wear Characteristics and Corrosion Behaviour of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is one of the most popular materials used for selective laser melting (SLM) processing to produce nearly fully dense components from 3D CAD models. The tribological and corrosion properties of stainless steel components are important in many engineering applications. In this work, the wear behaviour of SLM 316L stainless steel was investigated under dry sliding conditions, and the corrosion properties were measured electrochemically in a chloride containing solution. The results show that as compared to the standard bulk 316L steel, the SLM 316L steel exhibits deteriorated dry sliding wear resistance. The wear rate of SLM steel is dependent on the vol.% porosity in the steel and by obtaining full density it is possible achieve wear resistance similar to that of the standard bulk 316L steel. In the tested chloride containing solution, the general corrosion behaviour of the SLM steel is similar to that of the standard bulk 316L steel, but the SLM steel suffers from a reduced breakdown potential and is more susceptible to pitting corrosion. Efforts have been made to correlate the obtained results with porosity in the SLM steel.     

常压塔顶316L不锈钢换热器管束的腐蚀失效分析

 通过宏观、金相观察、X射线衍射及SEM等方法分析了炼油厂常压塔顶316L不锈钢换热器管束的腐蚀形态及原因.结果表明，316L不锈钢组织基本合格；由氯离子产生的孔蚀以及由应力和腐蚀介质的共同作用导致的应力腐蚀是两种主要腐蚀失效形式.     

Micro‐electrochemical characterization of galvanic corrosion of TA2/316L composite plate

Galvanic corrosion behavior of TA2/316L composite plate was investigated in the solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl by galvanic potential monitoring, scanning localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) and scanning vibrating micro‐electrode (SVME) techniques. The results demonstrated that the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L for the galvanic combination sample is lower, and the coupled current density is higher than for the single 316L sample. It indicates that the galvanic action works on the corrosion behavior of the TA2 titanium alloy/316L stainless steel galvanic combination in sodium chloride solution. The galvanic effect width was determined as 1500 µm.     

316L不锈钢柠檬酸钝化工艺及其耐点蚀性能研究

采用正交试验方法研究了316L不锈钢柠檬酸钝化工艺,利用电化学测试方法测量了不锈钢焊接接头各部位在钝化前后点蚀电位的变化,并以此评价钝化工艺对不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明,由正交试验优选出的最优配方和工艺为:柠檬酸、双氧水、乙醇的质量分数分别为3%、10%、5%,温度25℃,钝化时间90 min.此工艺配方可大大提高316L不锈钢整体的耐点蚀性能.     

Corrosion behaviour of an Fe3Al-type intermetallic in a chloride containing solution

The corrosion behaviour of an Fe₃Al-base intermetallic compound with different crystal structures in a chloride containing solution has been investigated. The corrosion current densities of this intermetallic were independent of the material crystal structure showing a passive state stable with time. These corrosion rates were of the same order of magnitude as for 316L stainless steel. The pitting corrosion resistance evaluated by means of cyclic anodic polarization curves was high for all different states. Amongst the different crystal structures of this intermetallic alloy, the two ordered states present the lowest pitting probability. This Fe₃Al intermetallic shows higher pitting corrosion resistance than the 316L stainless steel but its capacity for repassivation is lower. A damaging factor of influence on the pitting corrosion behaviour is the presence of non-metallic inclusions on the surface which reduce the pitting corrosion resistance by almost a half.     

Investigation on Pitting Corrosion of Nickel-Free and Manganese-Alloyed High-Nitrogen Stainless Steels

Pitting corrosion behavior of three kinds of nickel-free and manganese-alloyed high-nitrogen (N) stainless steels (HNSSs) was investigated using electrochemical and immersion testing methods. Type 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was also included for comparison purpose. Both solution-annealed and sensitization-treated steels were examined. The solution-annealed HNSSs showed much better resistance to pitting corrosion than the 316L SS in both neutral and acidic sodium chloride solutions. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) had no further improvement on the pitting corrosion resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization treatment resulted in significant degradation of the pitting corrosion resistance of the HNSSs, but not for the 316L SS. Typical large size of corrosion pits was observed on the surface of solution-annealed 316L SS, while small and dispersed corrosion pits on the surfaces of solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization-treated HNSSs suffered very severe pitting corrosion, accompanying the intergranular attack. The addition of Mo significantly improved the resistance of the sensitization-treated HNSSs to pitting corrosion, particularly in acidic solution. The good resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs to pitting corrosion could be attributed to the passive film contributed by N, Cr, and Mo. The sensitization treatment degraded the passive film by decreasing anti-corrosion elements and Cr-bearing oxides in the passive film.