搅拌摩擦焊的界面层组织及性能

通过对5083铝合金进行搅拌摩擦加工,采用SEM及硬度计对Al/Al2O3界面层的微观组织及力学性能进行表征。结果表明,随着搅拌摩擦加工道次的增加,Al/Al2O3界面层的显微组织均匀,加工区的硬度得到提高,同时Al2O3颗粒在Al基体中的分布更加均匀。     

搅拌摩擦加工技术对高硅铝合金拉伸性能的影响分析

研究了搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术对高硅铝合金Al Si30的抗拉强度、伸长率的影响,探讨了其断裂机理。结果表明,随着摩擦搅拌道次的增加,Al Si30的强度和塑性都显著提高,材料的断裂模式从脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。当摩擦搅拌道次较少时,粗大硅相多,且不够圆整,裂纹首先发源于粗大硅颗粒内部,并引发基体断裂,硅相的断裂面与周围基体的断裂面平齐;当摩擦搅拌道次较多时,粗大硅相少,而且圆整,裂纹基本上发源于粗大硅颗粒/铝基体界面。     

Co CrFeNi/6061Al复合材料冷喷摩擦复合增材制造及增强相影响规律研究

采用CoCrFeNi高熵合金颗粒代替传统陶瓷颗粒作为增强相,通过冷喷摩擦复合增材制造技术制备了CoCrFeNi/6061Al复合材料。采用SEM、EBSD、TEM和XRD检测技术对复合材料增材体的微观组织进行了表征,研究了不同CoCrFeNi颗粒体积分数对复合材料增材体微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,冷喷摩擦复合增材制造消除了冷喷涂产生的大量微孔和微裂纹缺陷,实现了均匀致密CoCrFeNi/6061Al复合材料的增材制造。CoCrFeNi颗粒的加入使复合材料增材体晶粒显著细化。CoCrFeNi颗粒与Al基体发生界面反应生成的部分金属间化合物被机械破碎为纳米颗粒分散至Al基体内部。随着CoCrFeNi颗粒体积分数的增加,复合材料增材体的极限抗拉强度和平均显微硬度显著增加。     

水下搅拌摩擦加工制备CoCrFeNiMn/6061Al复合材料组织和性能研究

采用水下搅拌摩擦加工制备CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金颗粒增强6061-T6基复合材料，研究了时效热处理对CoCrFeNiMn/6061Al复合材料微观组织、显微硬度和磨损性能的影响。采用扫描电镜和电子背散射衍射技术对复合材料的微观组织进行了表征，采用显微硬度和磨损实验对复合材料的性能进行了评价。结果表明，经5道次搅拌摩擦加工后，CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金颗粒均匀分布在Al基体中，且与基体界面结合良好，无明显扩散层。时效热处理后，CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金颗粒与基体界面出现厚度约为200 nm的扩散层，复合材料的平均显微硬度达到120.0 HV,比Al基体提高了27.7%。与Al基体相比，复合材料的平均摩擦因数从0.4491升高至0.4855。时效热处理后，复合材料的平均摩擦因数降低至0.3188,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

B_4C/6061Al复合材料的制备及其组织和拉伸性能研究

Al基复合材料可以充分发挥增强体与Al合金的性能协同作用,在保持Al合金低密度和良好的加工性能的基础上,进一步显著提高其强度和韧性。因此,在新一代运动器械中复合材料展现出了令人瞩目的应用前景。采用粉末冶金法制备了40vol%B_4C/6061Al复合材料,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉伸试验等对B_4C/6061Al复合材料组织、拉伸性能及强化机理进行研究。结果表明,试验制备出的40vol%B_4C/6061Al复合材料组织致密,颗粒分散均匀,无较明显的孔洞出现。复合材料的抗拉强度较纯6061Al合金的增加约58.43%,且具有较好的加工成形性能。TEM表征结果表明,复合材料的强化效果不仅来源于B_4C颗粒的引入,还得益于B_4C颗粒与Al界面的良好结合以及Al基体中弥散分布的球形β'纳米析出相。     

搅拌铸造法制备SiCp／A356铝基复合材料的研究

利用搅拌铸造技术制备SiCp/A356铝基复合材料.通过金相观察(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试对所制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,SiC增强颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,SiC/Al界面处存在明显的Si溶质偏聚,复合材料的孔隙率为4.2%;与基体合金相比,SiC颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和屈服强度,抗拉强度及延伸率略有下降;断口分析表明,搅拌铸造SiCp/A356铝基复合材料主要的断裂机制为SiC/Al界面脱粘及基体合金的脆性断裂.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备镁基铝覆层材料的组织与性能

在采用多道次搅拌摩擦加工成功地在镁合金表面覆合一层铝层的基础上,利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析和电子万能材料试验机对界面组织、元素成分分布、界面结合力和断口形貌进行了分析,并分析了不同焊接速度对重叠区界面组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,界面由N道次区、重叠区和N+1道次区组成,重叠区界面过渡层的厚度随着焊接速度的降低而增加.其过渡层由Al+Al₃Mg₂相和Mg+Al₁₂Mg₁₇相组成.重叠区界面的剪切力随着速度的降低而增加,断裂方式为塑性断裂.     

基于新型控制技术的超细晶铝合金的改性研究

采用模糊PID控制技术进行了超细晶6061铝合金的搅拌摩擦加工制备,并与传统搅拌摩擦加工制备合金进行了晶粒尺寸、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的对比。结果表明,与简单控制的传统搅拌摩擦加工相比,基于模糊PID控制的搅拌摩擦加工能使超细晶6061铝合金的晶粒细化、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能提高;-20℃抗拉强度增加179 MPa、0℃抗拉强度增加185 MPa、20℃抗拉强度增加144 MPa、-20℃冲击吸收功增加23%、腐蚀电位正移148 mV。     

搅拌摩擦加工铸态铝铁合金组织和性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术对含铁3％(质量分数)铸态铝铁合金进行3道次往复搅拌摩擦加工,研究加工区显微组织和力学性能的变化.结果表明,铸态铝铁合金经搅拌摩擦加工后,粗大的针状Al3Fe相被破碎成细小粒状,铸态组织转变成低位错密度的再结晶组织,且基体中存在细小的含铁亚稳相.搅拌摩擦加工后,加工区的显微硬度较铸态区降低,但分布比较均匀;加工区合金的抗拉强度稍微下降,延伸率显著增大.经搅拌摩擦加工后,合金拉伸断口呈现出微孔聚合韧性断裂特征.     

热轧道次对纳米SiC颗粒增强Mg-9Al复合材料薄板显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用粉末热压法制备了纳米SiC质量分数为7. 5%的SiC_p/Mg-9Al复合材料薄板。通过对复合材料进行小压下量的多道次热轧,研究了热轧道次对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着轧制道次的增加,晶粒尺寸越来越细小; SiC颗粒的分布也变得更加均匀,同时部分SiC颗粒嵌入原始镁颗粒中,硬度较高的SiC颗粒阻碍了相对较软的镁颗粒的移动,使得SiC颗粒-基体界面附近的位错密度增大和SiC颗粒和镁基体之间的结合增强。复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度也随着轧制道次的增加而增加,当轧制道次进行到6道次时,总变形量约为50%,获得相对最优的综合力学性能,抗拉强度为292. 5 N/mm2,屈服强度为252 N/mm2,伸长率为3%。复合材料的强度主要取决于晶粒尺寸、SiC颗粒的分布以及增强相和基体的结合程度。     

Influence of Multi-pass Friction Stir Processing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Die Cast Al–7Si–3Cu Aluminum Alloy

The influence of overlap multi-pass friction stir processing on the microstructure and the mechanical properties, in particular, strength, ductility and hardness of die cast Al–7Si–3Cu aluminum alloy was investigated.It was observed that increase in the number of overlap passes friction stir processing resulted in significant refinement and redistribution of aluminum silicon eutectic phase and elimination of casting porosities. The microstructural refinement by the friction stir processing not only increases the ultimate tensile strength from 121 to273 MPa, but also increases the ductility as observed by the increase in fracture strain from 1.8% to 10%. Analysis of the fractured surface reveals that the microstructural refinement obtained by friction stir processing plays a vital role in transforming the fracture mode from completely mixed mode to the ductile mode of the fracture with increasing number of passes. The change in the size, shape, morphology and distribution of eutectic silicon particles and elimination of the porosities are the main reasons for the increases in tensile strength and ductility due to friction stir processing.     

搅拌摩擦加工对铸态7075铝合金显微组织的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工对变形能力差的铸态7075铝合金进行改性加工,探讨了加工工艺对加工区显微组织的影响.加工工艺优化实验表明,在同样的工具设计和加工参数下,通过两道次重叠加工可在搅拌区获得均匀的细小等轴晶组织;此外,减小加工工具尺寸并提高旋转速度也可明显提高搅拌区显微观组织的均匀性.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir weld of dissimilar AZ31-O magnesium alloy to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Dissimilar friction stir welding between AZ31-O Mg and 6061-T6 Al alloys was investigated. 3 mm thick plates of aluminum and magnesium were used. Friction stir welding operations were performed at different rotation and travel speeds. The rotation speeds varied from 600 to 1400 r/min, and the travel speed varied from 20 to 60 mm/min. Defect-free weld was obtained with a rotation speed of 1000 r/min and travel speed of 40 mm/min. Metallographic studies showed that the grain size in the stir zone is much finer than that in the base metals. Complex flow pattern was formed in the stir zone. Microhardness measurement revealed an uneven distribution in the stir zone. Tensile test results indicated that the tensile strength of the welded specimen is about 76% of AZ31 Mg alloy and 60% of the 6061 Al alloy in tensile strength. SEM fracture surface image of the welded specimen indicated that the welded specimen failed through brittle-mode fracture.     

铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊组织非均质性对接头力学性能的影响

对6061-T6铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(stationary shoulder friction stir welded, SSFSW)接头组织非均质性与力学性能的相互影响进行了定量分析. 结果表明,SSFSW焊接接头存在明显的组织非均质性,表现在晶粒尺寸及形状、沉淀相种类及分布形态不同,其中沉淀相析出不同是影响力学性能差异的主要因素. 由于组织非均质性导致紧邻焊核区的热影响区软化严重,其硬度和抗拉强度在接头区域最低,分别为母材的60%和72%,为接头最薄弱部分. 由于沉淀强化和晶粒细化效应,焊核区的强度与塑性最好,而抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材的88%和215%. 随着与焊核区距离的增加,热影响区抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐增加,断后伸长率不断降低.     

The influence of multi-pass friction stir processing on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Aluminum Alloy 6082

Samples with one through three passes with 100% overlap were created using friction stir processing (FSP) in order to locally modify the microstructural and mechanical properties of 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy. A constant rotational speed and three different traverse speeds were used for processing. In this article, the microstructural properties in terms of grain structure and second phase particles distribution, and also the mechanical properties in terms of hardness and tensile strength of the processed zone were addressed with respect to the number of passes and traverse speeds. The parameter combination which resulted in highest ultimate tensile strength was further compared with additional two rotation speeds. FSP caused dynamic recrystallization of the stir zone leading to equiaxed grains with high angle grain boundaries which increased with increasing the number of passes. The accumulated heat accompanying multiple passes resulted in increase in the grain size, dissolution of precipitates and fragmentation of second phase particles. Increasing the traverse speed on the other hand did not affect the grain size, yet reduced the particles size as well as increased the particle area fraction. Hardness and tensile test results of the stir zone were in good agreement where increasing the number of passes caused softening and reduction of the ultimate tensile strength, whereas, increasing the traverse speed increased the strength and hardness. Increasing the tool rotational speed did not have a significant influence on particle mean diameter, ultimate tensile strength and hardness values of the stir zone, whereas, it caused an increase in mean grain size as well as particle area fraction.     

Solutionizing effects during corrosive wear in 6061 aluminum and composites

Samples of commercial 6061 aluminum alloy in both the monolithic form and reinforced with 0.1 and 0.2 volume fraction of alumina particles were solutionized for 5, 10, and 20 h at 540°C. A transient current generated in the composite material as a result of continuous and impact scratching during the corrosive wear process shows that composites are more sensitive to the microstructural changes taking place during solutionizing than is the monolithic 6061 alloy. The increase in grain size in the alloy during solutionizing does not significantly affect the transient current. Decohesion of the particles in the composites increases the interfacial area, and this interfacial region may act as an anodic site for corrosion to occur. Dislocations generated due to differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion values for alumina particles and aluminum matrix increase the measured transient current.     

高能超声时间对原位自生TiB2/Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用原位合成Al-K2TiF6-KBF4熔盐体系,通过熔体反应法成功制备了颗粒增强铝基复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、万能力学试验机及摩擦磨损试验等研究了高能超声时间对复合材料的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料中存在TiB₂颗粒和少量Al3Ti颗粒,颗粒大小为1~2μm,TB₂颗粒的截面形貌接近于正六边形,且在基体中均匀分布。复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率随着超声处理时间的增加而提高。当超声时间为4 min时,复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大值,分别为172 MPa和11.1%,比A356母合金分别提高了20.3%和126%,断裂模式也从准解理断裂转为韧性断裂,耐磨性也相对最好,摩擦系数达到最小值0.44,磨损量为-0.5 mg。     

停放时间对6061铝合金性能及微观组织的影响

采用宏观检测与显微分析相结合的手段,研究不同停放时间下6061铝合金的力学性能与微观组织的变化规律。结果表明:停放时间对6061铝合金的晶粒尺寸有较大影响,晶粒尺寸呈先增大后减小的趋势;停放时间对6061铝合金弹塑性变形过渡阶段有较大影响,但对弹性及塑性阶段变形的影响很小。6061铝合金在停放为0~2 h时,力学性能无明显变化,变形后试样表面光滑,变形协调性较好;停放时间为12 h时,材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度降至最低,但伸长率提高,试样表面呈橘皮形貌,变形均匀性较差;停放时间为24 h^15 d时,合金的强度回升并逐渐趋于稳定。结果表明:随着停放时间的增长,6061铝合金断口的韧窝直径和深度不断增加,第二相粒子的尺寸也不断增大,形状由球状、带状逐渐转变为板状、块状。通过研究得到6061铝合金满足汽车结构强韧化需求,综合性能最优需求的停放时间为12~24 h。此研究结果能够为6061铝合金加工工艺优化提供理论指导。     

Influence of addition of Grp/Al2O3p with SiCp on wear properties of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 hybrid composites via friction stir processing

Aluminum alloy base surface hybrid composites were fabricated by incorporating with mixture of (SiC+Gr) and (SiC+Al₂O₃) particles of 20 μm in average size on an aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plate using friction stir processing (FSP). Microstructures of both the surface hybrid composites revealed that SiC, Gr and Al₂O₃are uniformly dispersed in the nugget zone (NZ). It was observed that the addition of Gr particles rather than Al₂O₃ particles with SiC particles, decreases the microhardness but immensely increases the dry sliding wear resistance of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 surface hybrid composite. The observed microhardness and wear properties are correlated with microstructures and worn micrographs.     

搅拌摩擦加工铸态铝铁合金的显微组织

采用普通熔铸法制备含铁3%(质量分数)的铝铁二元合金,研究多道次往复搅拌摩擦加工(Friction stir processing,FSP)对合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:进行1~3道次往复FSP后,各道次加工区组织不均匀;随着加工道次的增加,组织均匀细化程度增大。合金铸态组织由α-Al和粗大针状Al3Fe相组成,经3道次FSP后,搅拌区组织明显细化。原始铸态组织转变为细小等轴的再结晶晶粒,尺寸为2~5μm,并且部分晶粒中出现层错;粗大的Al3Fe针状相被破碎成长度小于1μm的细小粒状,弥散分布在铝基体晶界和晶粒内部,细化的Al3Fe粒子呈现孪晶结构。