超声振动辅助激光熔化沉积316L不锈钢的微观组织演变研究

在激光熔化沉积316L不锈钢的过程中耦合不同功率的超声振动,研究了超声功率对晶粒形态尺寸、凝固组织形成机制以及晶粒生长特性的影响。研究表明,激光熔化沉积过程中316L不锈钢晶粒发生定向凝固外延生长,形成粗大的柱状晶。施加超声会将沿[100]方向外延生长的粗大原生柱状晶打碎,产生细化晶粒的效果；沿柱状晶外延生长方向传递的超声振动增大了晶粒内沿长轴方向的累积取向差,提高了平均位错密度。施加超声有助于加强熔池流体的对流,降低沿沉积方向的温度梯度,使得垂直生长的柱状晶更快转变为八字形柱状晶；同时提高合金凝固冷速,使得柱状晶宽度以及晶粒内部一次枝晶列间距减小,实现宏观晶粒尺寸与微观枝晶间距的细化。     

氦离子辐照对316L钢焊缝微观结构及性能影响

316L不锈钢作为压水堆候选结构材料,在服役过程中需要承受辐照效应. 为了探明辐照对316L焊缝微观结构及性能的影响及作用机制,系统研究了经氦离子辐照后316L钢焊缝表面形貌、微观组织结构、显微硬度及电化学腐蚀性能的变化规律. 结果表明,150 keV氦离子辐照后试样表面产生大量细小的孔洞,这导致试样耐腐蚀性能降低,母材和焊缝金属腐蚀电流密度分别增加5.42 × 10?5与5.91 × 10?5 A/cm2. 辐照导致试样内部出现氦泡、位错等缺陷,这些缺陷使得试样产生辐照肿胀和辐照硬化现象,母材与焊缝肿胀率分别为0.103%与0.181%,显微硬度分别提高2.33与2.55 GPa. 通过EBSD测试方法证实,焊缝金属晶粒尺寸较大,使得其抗辐照性能相比316L钢稍差.     

固溶氮原子对不锈钢单轴及多轴低周疲劳特性的影响

对３１６Ｌ和３１６ＬＮ不锈钢进行了单轴拉压及多轴非比例加载低周疲劳实验研究,分析了固溶的氮原子对单轴及多轴非比例加载低周疲劳特性及其微结构的影响。结果表明,固溶的氮原子增大了不锈钢铁的单轴循环软化程度及非比例循环附加强化程度,延长了不锈钢的单轴拉压低周疲劳寿命,但却缩短了不锈钢的多轴非比例加载低周疲劳寿命,固溶的氮原子对单轴及多轴低周疲劳密度位错结构的形成具有明显的抑制作用,利用Ｍｏｅｓｓｂａｕｅ     

选区激光熔化316L不锈钢的各向组织与性能

对采用选区激光熔化(SLM)制备的316L不锈钢增材制造试样进行了横向、纵向力学性能与微观组织分析。结果表明,增材制造SLM试件亚结构组织由尺寸为0.4 μm左右的胞状组织所构成,组织之间无明显的成分偏析,纵向与横向拉伸强度分别达到808和713 MPa,在经过1050 ℃热处理后,原组织中部分胞状组织消失,纵向及横向强度分别下降到673 MPa及579 MPa,增材制造试样相对传统热轧试样(550 MPa)具有明显的强度优势。SLM试样组织中存在未熔合缺陷,缺陷几何形状的方向性对其在拉应力作用下连接成裂纹有显著影响。热处理后缺陷长度方向与拉伸应力平行的纵向试样伸长率达到47.5%,横向试样伸长率为20%,伸长率指标均显著低于热轧316L钢试样,未熔合缺陷是导致3D打印试件塑性指标降低的主要因素之一。     

基于微结构分析定义应变路径非比例度

对316L不锈钢进行了单轴及多轴非比例循环加载低周疲劳实验及其微结构的观察，研究了非比例循环附加强化对应变路径依赖性的微观机理，分析了位错自由运动间距的分布规律．结果表明：316L不锈钢在非比例循环加载下产生的附加强化与材料中的多滑移位错结构的形态与尺寸直接相关，滑移面上的位错自由运动间距服从正态分布，位错自由运动间距的统计平均值与宏观等效饱和应力幅值之间呈现线性对数关系．基于上述研究结果，以位错自由运动间距统计平均值给出了应变路径非比例度的定义，结果表明：在单轴循环应力-应变关系式中引入新的非比例度的定义可以较好地描述应变路径对材料非比例循环变形行为的影响．     

温度对316L不锈钢耐海水腐蚀性能的影响

运用临界点蚀温度(CPT)、环状阳极极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了不同温度下316L不锈钢的海水腐蚀行为. 结果表明, 晶粒尺寸不同的两种316L不锈钢的CPT基本相同; 随着海水温度升高, 点蚀电位和再钝化电位均呈线性降低, 但是细晶钢的点蚀性能下降更大, 85℃时粗晶钢比细晶钢的点蚀电位约高60 mV. 与粗晶钢相比, 细晶钢在65℃下形成的钝化膜微缺陷更多, 且点蚀诱导时间较短.     

Study the Fatigue-Wear Behavior of a Plasma Electrolytic Nitrocarburized (PEN/C) 316L Stainless Steel

In the present study, a suitable machine was developed in the laboratory to investigate the fatigue-wear behavior of the untreated 316L austenitic stainless steel and samples treated by plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing process under different combinations of cyclic loading and contact pressure. The fracture cycles as a function of bending stress were recorded while a constant contact pressure was applied simultaneously. As a result, the PEN/C treated specimens exhibited a higher resistance (about 40% for 15.6 N contact load and about 60% for 25 N contact load) under the application of simultaneous cyclic stress and contact pressure. Also it was shown that under a range of combined fatigue and wear stresses, the specimens exhibit a better life than the conditions of performing wear or fatigue tests separately and this effect was much more observable for PEN/C-treated samples. The gravimetrical weight loss values in the fatigue-wear test were also measured at intervals 5000 to 300,000 cycles (with the contact stress = 6.25 MPa and the bending stress = 87 MPa). The results showed a better wear resistance for the treated surface at the first stage of the process.     

超音速火焰喷涂316L不锈钢涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在高强钢表面制备了316L不锈钢涂层,利用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、电化学测试系统等设备对涂层金相组织、硬度、结合性能和抗腐蚀性能等进行了测试,并分析了WC-CoCr中间层对316L不锈钢粉末涂层结合强度及涂层界面的影响。结果表明:超音速火焰喷涂316L不锈钢粉末颗粒在喷涂中变形充分,形成较致密的涂层,并具有超过400 HV0.1的显微硬度;涂层具有较高自腐蚀电位,耐蚀性优于高强钢;涂层结合强度随着涂层厚度的减小、基体硬度的增加而提高;WC-CoCr底层可改善涂层界面结合,从而改善316L不锈钢涂层的结合性能。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE KINEMATIC HARDENING RULES FOR NONPROPORTIONAL CYCLIC PLASTICITY

1.IntroductionIthasveryimp0rtantsignificancetodescribeaccuratelythesolidmaterialplasticbe-haviorinpracticalapplication.F0rgeneralclassicalplasticitymodels,materialplasticbehavi0risgenerallydescribedbytheis0tropicl']andthekine.ati.[2]hardeningrules.Inthen0nproporti0nalcyclicloading,theprediction0fthedirectionofplasticstrainratevec-torismainlybasedonthekinematicrule-Therefore,astudyontheev0lutionsofplasticstrainratevectorandkinematichardeningduringnonprop0rtionalcyclinghasextremelyimp0rtantrole0…     

表面纳米化对316L不锈钢干摩擦性能的影响

目的研究表面纳米化316L不锈钢干摩擦磨损性能,以获得合理的喷丸时间,提高316L不锈钢的使用寿命。方法采用普通喷丸强化方法对316L不锈钢进行表面纳米化处理,利用洛氏硬度计测量了纳米化前后材料表面洛氏硬度;利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察了纳米化前后材料表面三维形貌,测量了材料表面的粗糙度;利用扫描电子显微镜观察了表面纳米化处理后横截面的金相组织;利用材料表面性能综合测试仪在干摩擦条件下进行了摩擦磨损实验,测量了材料的摩擦系数;利用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕表面形貌,分析了材料的磨损机理。结果与未纳米化试样相比,喷丸时间为15 min时,表面硬度提高9.7%,而表面粗糙度降低17.6%,干摩擦系数降低17.3%;喷丸时间为30 min时,表面硬度提高34.1%,粗糙度降低35.1%,干摩擦系数降低28.8%。未纳米化试样呈现典型的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损机制,而纳米化处理后试样则主要呈现疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损机制。结论表面纳米化处理后试样表面硬度随处理时间的增加而增加,粗糙度随处理时间的增加而降低,干摩擦系数随处理时间的增加而减小。喷丸处理时间较短时以疲劳磨损为主,处理时间较长时以磨粒磨损为主。     

纳米晶Ni疲劳行为的实验研究

系统研究了纳米晶Ni与粗晶Ni的疲劳行为. 通过疲劳实验获得了这2种材料的疲劳应力--寿命曲线, 并采用AFM对纳米晶Ni样品表面进行观察以研究其裂纹萌生的微观机制, 利用纳米压痕仪对疲劳实验前后样品的力学性能和显微组织变化进行了研究. 结果表明, 纳米晶Ni具有比粗晶Ni更高的疲劳极限. AFM观察表明,纳米晶疲劳后样品表面出现平均尺寸为73 nm的胞状起伏, 疲劳后样品的晶粒尺寸未发生明显改变. 压痕硬度结果表明, 疲劳过程材料的力学性能也未发生明显变化.     

Enhanced sintering, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel with MoSi2 addition

Sintering 316L stainless steel to near full density with an appropriate sintering additive can ensure high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. We present here a sintering approach which exploits the dissociation of ceramics in steels at high temperatures to activate sintering densification to achieve near full dense 316L stainless steel materials. MoSi₂ ceramic powder was used as a sintering additive for pre-alloyed 316L stainless steel powder. Sintering behavior and microstructure evolution were investigated at various sintering temperatures and content of MoSi₂ as sintering additive. The results showed that the sintering densification was enhanced with temperature and MoSi₂ content. The distribution of MoSi₂ was characterized by XMAPs. It was found that MoSi₂ dissociated during sintering and Mo and Si segregated at the grain boundaries. Excess Mo and Si were appeared as separate phases in the microstructure. Above 98% of theoretical density was achieved when the specimens were sintered at 1300 °C for 60 min with 5 wt.% MoSi₂ content. The stainless steel sintered with 5 wt.% MoSi₂ exhibited very attractive mechanical properties.     

316L不锈钢表面Ni-Ti合金薄膜的力学特性研究

目的提高316L不锈钢表面的硬度及耐磨性能。方法采用磁控溅射法在316L不锈钢表面制备Ni-Ti合金薄膜,并通过纳米压入法对316L不锈钢表面、Ni-Ti合金薄膜和Ni-Ti合金材料的力学性能进行测试,分析不锈钢基Ni-Ti薄膜的耐磨性能。应用有限元反演分析方法求解基体和薄膜的弹塑性幂本构关系。结果316L不锈钢与Ni-Ti合金抵抗载荷的能力较弱,但316L不锈钢表面Ni-Ti薄膜抵抗外加载荷的能力较强,且抵抗塑性变形的能力得到强化。Ni-Ti薄膜、316L不锈钢基体和Ni-Ti合金的硬度分别为8.2795、5.2405、2.9498 GPa,薄膜的硬度明显大于基体和Ni-Ti合金,说明Ni-Ti薄膜使得316L不锈钢的耐磨性显著提高。薄膜的弹性性能较基体与Ni-Ti合金有明显优势。为研究薄膜的弹塑性性能,建立ABAQUS二维有限元模型,考虑Berkovich压头和试样之间摩擦系数为0.16,通过纳米压入实验和有限元分析的对比,反演分析分别计算得到基体和薄膜的特征应力、特征应变、应变强化因子,继而确定初始屈服应力,得到Ni-Ti合金薄膜和316L不锈钢基体的弹塑性幂本构关系。结论 Ni-Ti薄膜具有良好的力学特性,使316L不锈钢表面的硬度显著提高,因此有效提高了不锈钢的耐磨性能。     

316L不锈钢上电刷镀钯膜的组成与耐蚀性(英文)

利用电刷镀工艺在316L不锈钢上制备了结合力良好的钯膜。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、质量损失实验和电化学测试研究了膜层的性能。结果表明,电刷镀钯膜主要是由钯元素构成的;XPS分析表明,膜层中的钯为金属态。电刷镀钯后的不锈钢试样在沸腾的20%硫酸溶液和含0.005mol/L溴离子的甲酸和乙酸混合溶液中均显示了非常好的耐蚀性能。镀钯试样的腐蚀速率比不锈钢试样的下降了2个数量级。     

Duplex surface treatment of an AISI 316L stainless steel; microstructure and tribological behaviour

Austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L is used in several industrial applications, mainly due to its excellent corrosion resistance; however, its low hardness and poor wear performance impose strong limitations in many cases. A combination of DC-pulsed plasma nitriding and plasma assisted PVD coating as a surface treatment has been shown to improve the material fatigue and wear resistance without affecting the corrosion performance. In the present work a duplex treatment, consisting of a plasma nitriding at 673 K for 20 h and a subsequent coating with a TiN layer was applied to an AISI 316L steel. The microstructure obtained as well as the tribological behaviour was extensively studied. Wear tests were performed in rolling-sliding condition under different loads (490, 1225 and 1960 N). Different wear mechanisms were observed depending on the normal applied load. Analysis and discussion of the wear test results showed that the combination of the two processes, plasma nitriding and plasma assisted PVD coating, improves considerably the wear resistance of the AISI 316L. At low applied loads, the duplex treatment improved significantly the wear resistance during the sliding/rolling contact, i.e. only abrasion was observed. However, upon increasing the applied loads fatigue and delamination wear mechanism appeared. In the case of the highest applied load, delamination was the main wear mechanism observed in the tested samples.     

不锈钢增材制造件的激光超声表面波声速研究

利用激光超声技术对增材制造件进行无损检测具有重要的理论和应用价值。因此,针对不同激光功率下制备的316L不锈钢增材制造样品进行试验。利用激光超声在样品不同成型方向上测试,对表面波声速进行了表征。结果表明:不同激光功率下制备的316L不锈钢增材制造件的成型质量与表面波传播速度有着密切的关系,而且同一增材制造件在不同成型方向上的表面波声速也有明显的差异,具有各向异性。实验结果对研究316L不锈钢增材制造材料的表面声学特性以及金属增材制造材料的激光超声质量检测具有重要参考价值。     

激光喷丸强化对电化学充氢316L奥氏体不锈钢振动疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光喷丸强化对电化学充氢316L奥氏体不锈钢振动疲劳性能的影响.测试分析了不同激光功率密度喷丸316L不锈钢充氢试样的残余应力、显微硬度和微观组织结构,并对比研究其振动疲劳寿命和断口形貌.结果 显示,激光喷丸诱导材料表层位错密度增加,并有效细化晶粒,抑制了氢原子的入侵,同时复杂晶界和高密度位错增殖结构阻碍了氢原子...     

过量Fe2O3对铝热法制备微纳结构316L奥氏体不锈钢组织和拉伸性能的影响

不锈钢结构和成分的调节对获得良好综合性能至关重要。为了使铝热反应完全、降低316L奥氏体不锈钢(ASSs)中残余Al的含量,在反应粉体中加入了不同过量分数的Fe2O3粉末,详细分析了过量Fe₂O₃对316L ASSs微纳米组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,随着Fe2O3过量分数的增加,铁素体相的体积分数显著降低,而纳米晶的体积分数由87.4%提高到了93.4%,平均晶粒尺寸由32 nm降低到了22 nm。对比分析表明,铝热法制备316L ASSs的最佳工艺参数为添加过量分数5.0%的Fe₂O₃,在该条件下制备的单相奥氏体钢,其抗拉强度为573.92 MPa,屈服强度为340.12 MPa,延伸率为4.68%。     

CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION BEHAVIOR OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN HANK’S SOLUTION

ＣＯＲＲＯＳＩＯＮＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＣＲＡＣＫＩＮＩＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦ３１６ＬＳＴＡＩＮＬＥＳＳＳＴＥＥＬＩＮＨＡＮＫ’ＳＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮ￥Ｊ．Ｈ．Ｘｉｅ;Ｙ．Ｓ．Ｗｕ;Ｊ．Ｑ．Ｈｅ;Ｘ．Ｚ．ＹａｎｇａｎｄＲ．Ｚ．Ｚｈｕ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅ...     

循环N/C/O/S离子共渗对316Ti钢组织及耐腐蚀性的影响

采用常规离子渗氮、循环离子渗氮、循环N/C/O共渗及循环N/C/O/S共渗四种不同工艺分别对316Ti不锈钢铆钉进行处理,并对试样进行表征,分析了循环渗氮工艺及共渗元素C,O和S对316Ti钢渗层组织及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:与常规离子渗氮相比,循环渗氮的试样渗层更深,耐腐蚀性基本不变;N/C/O共渗中,C和O元素的加入有利于提高渗层深度并抑制CrN的析出,降低基体表面贫Cr程度,提高处理后试样的耐腐蚀性;共渗介质中加入S元素,会降低共渗试样的耐腐蚀性。