S275NL钢焊接接头热影响区显微组织分析

用自动TIG焊在不同的焊接工艺条件下对S275NL低合金高强钢进行焊接。利用光学显微镜分析了焊接接头热影响区(粗晶区)金属的显微组织;测试了焊接接头热影响区的显微硬度。结果表明,如焊前不预热,焊后不保温缓冷,焊接接头热影响区(粗晶区)的组织比较粗大,硬度较高,不利于提高热影响区的冲击韧度;焊前进行150℃左右预热,焊后保温缓冷,且采用合适的焊接热输入(2.31 k J/cm),焊接接头热影响区(粗晶区)组织细小,分布均匀,且为等轴晶,硬度分布合理,有利于提高热影响区的冲击韧度;在不同焊接条件下,S275NL钢焊接热影响区均存在硬化现象。     

铸铁气焊工艺与焊接区硬度控制

使用微合金化铸铁焊丝,研究了气焊工艺对铸铁焊接区硬度的影响。结果表明,焊前预热和焊后保温对焊接区硬度有显著影响。预热温度升高,基体中铁素体含量增多,焊接区硬度值降低。200℃预热获得的焊接区硬度要比室温不预热焊的降低约HB30;焊后用火焰对焊接区金属持续烘烤2~6 min进行保温缓冷,亦可有效降低焊接区硬度。焊前预热和焊后缓冷措施的复合使用可达到控制焊接区硬度的最佳效果。     

铝冲压模具的焊接修复工艺研究

采用自制药芯焊丝对H13(4Cr5MoSiV1)钢模具进行焊接修复。用洛氏硬度计、显微硬度计及金相显微镜研究了H13钢的不同焊接材料及焊前预热处理工艺对焊缝组织和强度的影响。结果表明:自制药芯焊丝焊接接头母材及焊缝显微硬度接近,且焊接接头晶粒细小,硬度分布均匀,有效减少了焊缝及热影响区(HAZ)的应力集中现象。自制药芯焊丝中合金元素含量较高且含碳量低,易形成等轴晶粒细化焊缝组织,提高焊缝金属耐磨性。同时,焊前预热工艺可延缓焊后焊缝冷却速度,降低焊缝热影响区显微硬度。     

12Cr2Mo1R耐热钢MIG焊焊接接头显微组织分析

采用MIG焊对12Cr2Mo1R耐热钢进行了焊接及回火处理,并对比分析了焊态和回火态焊接接头焊缝、熔合区和热影响区金属的显微组织。结果表明,12Cr2Mo1R耐热钢具有较高的淬硬和冷裂倾向,焊前需要进行200~250℃预热,焊后应该进行回火处理,用MIG焊能获得冶金结合良好的焊接接头,但回火态的焊接接头金属显微组织晶粒更细小,分布更均匀。     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊对6 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板在不同工艺参数下进行焊接。观察了接头的显微组织,研究了接头室温拉伸性能及晶间腐蚀性能,测试了接头腐蚀前后的显微硬度。结果表明:在搅拌头转速900r/min、焊接速度100 mm/min、焊后缓冷工艺下,可得到性能较好的接头,其抗拉强度可达到母材的74%。接头显微硬度呈现"W"型分布,存在明显的软化区,母材的硬度最高,热影响区的硬度最低。晶间腐蚀最严重的部位发生在焊核区,经腐蚀后接头硬度显著下降。     

TC6钛合金焊接接头性能研究

采用钨极氩弧焊工艺焊接TC6钛合金,并进行焊前预热和焊后真空热处理,对获得的焊接接头进行了气密性和无损检测,以及X射线衍射试验,分析了焊缝区、热影响区的显微组织和接头性能。结果表明:采用焊前预热和焊后真空热处理工艺得到的焊接接头满足使用性能的要求,在焊接接头的焊缝金属中有少量的针状α′,并形成了编织状的α组织,热影响区为α+β双相组织,同时在焊接接头中产生了少量脆性Al3Ti相。     

正火态DH36海工钢焊接冷裂纹敏感性研究

为了研究正火态DH36海工钢材料的焊接冷裂纹敏感性,本研究采用厚40 mm的DH36进行了不同预热温度对其冷裂纹敏感性影响的研究,并对该材料焊接接头不同位置的显微组织、 M-A岛分布及硬度等进行了研究。结果表明,该厚40 mm的DH36材料焊接后,其粗晶区有出现冷裂纹的倾向,采用60℃的焊前预热能降低材料斜Y型坡口试验断口冷裂纹率,材料可以实现一般结构件的焊接制作。焊前预热改变了焊接接头粗晶区的组织、降低了组织硬度,并延长了接头扩散氢的逸出时间,导致材料冷裂纹敏感性的降低。     

35CrMoA+S275NL异种钢焊接工艺研究

在不同的焊接工艺条件下,用自动TIG焊对35CrMoA+S275NL异种钢进行了焊接.通过焊接接头试样,分析了焊缝和热影响区金属的显微组织,并测试了焊接接头的显微硬度.结果表明,在不同的焊接工艺条件下,均能获得冶金结合良好的焊接接头,当焊接电流为100A、焊前进行150℃预热时,获得焊缝金属的组织更细小,非金属夹杂物和...     

连续焊与脉冲焊对Q345钢焊接接头的影响

采用CO2气体保护焊工艺对Q345钢板(δ=4 mm)分别进行连续焊和脉冲焊焊接试验,对2种焊接接头显微组织、显微硬度和热影响区尺寸进行对比分析.研究表明:脉冲焊焊接接头组织较连续焊更为均匀,且产生魏氏组织较少;2种焊接工艺条件下的焊接接头显微硬度峰值均位于过热区,连续焊接头各部位显微硬度均略高于脉冲焊接头;脉冲焊接头热影响区尺寸小于连续焊接头热影响区尺寸.     

不同CO_2气保焊工艺对Q345钢焊接接头的影响

采用不同焊接电流的CO2焊对Q345(δ=4 mm)结构钢分别进行了连续焊和脉冲焊焊接试验,并对焊接接头外观形貌、热影响区尺寸、显微组织和显微硬度进行对比分析。结果表明:连续焊的焊缝比脉冲焊的焊缝粗大;脉冲焊接头热影响区尺寸小于连续焊接头热影响区尺寸;脉冲焊焊接接头组织比连续焊更为均匀,且产生魏氏组织较少;两种焊接工艺条件下的焊接接头显微硬度峰值均位于过热区,连续焊接头各部位显微硬度均略高于脉冲焊接头。     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.