激光熔敷Ni+WC+RE合金层的高温性能研究

通过不同成分、不同温度下的高温硬度、高温干摩擦磨损试验，对激光熔敷合金层的一些高温性能进行了研究。结果表明，在相同实验条件下，不同成分熔敷层的高温硬度和高温耐磨性均随温度升高而下降，其中Ni21 20％WC 0．5％CeO2熔敷层的高温性能最好。激光熔敷层的高温磨损机制以粘着磨损为主，兼有磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

堆焊

20093282B4C对高碳铬铁自保护药芯焊丝力学性能的影响/王清宝…//焊接学报.-2008,29(11):109~112通过改变高碳铬铁中熔覆金属B4C的含量,分别考察了B4C对堆焊熔敷金属金相组织、硬度和不同载荷下耐磨性的影响,并对堆焊熔敷金属磨损形貌进行了分析。结果表明,随B4C含量的增加,初生碳化物的生长方向性越来越明显,成定向生长趋势,并且熔敷金属的宏观硬度逐渐增大,但B元素含量超过0.5%时,硬度变化趋缓;不同载荷磨损条件下,B4C强化的熔敷金属表现出耐磨性不同,堆焊熔敷金属耐磨面碳化物断裂或剥落少时,表现出良好的耐磨性,当碳化物大量断裂或剥落时,耐磨性变差。图5表3参420093283焊条电弧堆焊自熔性合金复合粉末的研究/张勇…//焊接.-2008(12):51~54采用焊条电弧焊堆焊技术,在Q235钢表面堆焊铁基、铁基和镍基复合粉末。研究添加自熔性合金粉末后堆焊层的性能状况。利用金相显微镜对堆焊层的金相组织进行了研究,通过硬度和磨损试验测试了堆焊层表面的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,添加铁基自熔性合金或铁镍混合自熔性合金粉末均提高了堆焊层的硬度,并且随着添加量的增加,硬度和耐磨性也有相应的提高,且...     

堆焊

20093282B4C对高碳铬铁自保护药芯焊丝力学性能的影响/王清宝…//焊接学报.-2008,29(11):109~112通过改变高碳铬铁中熔覆金属B4C的含量,分别考察了B4C对堆焊熔敷金属金相组织、硬度和不同载荷下耐磨性的影响,并对堆焊熔敷金属磨损形貌进行了分析。结果表明,随B4C含量的增加,初生碳化物的生长方向性越来越明显,成定向生长趋势,并且熔敷金属的宏观硬度逐渐增大,但B元素含量超过0.5%时,硬度变化趋缓;不同载荷磨损条件下,B4C强化的熔敷金属表现出耐磨性不同,堆焊熔敷金属耐磨面碳化物断裂或剥落少时,表现出良好的耐磨性,当碳化物大量断裂或剥落时,耐磨性变差。图5表3参420093283焊条电弧堆焊自熔性合金复合粉末的研究/张勇…//焊接.-2008(12):51~54采用焊条电弧焊堆焊技术,在Q235钢表面堆焊铁基、铁基和镍基复合粉末。研究添加自熔性合金粉末后堆焊层的性能状况。利用金相显微镜对堆焊层的金相组织进行了研究,通过硬度和磨损试验测试了堆焊层表面的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,添加铁基自熔性合金或铁镍混合自熔性合金粉末均提高了堆焊层的硬度,并且随着添加量的增加,硬度和耐磨性也有相应的提高,且...     

无熔滴电弧热丝GTAW自润滑耐磨堆焊层组织及性能

目的采用无熔滴电弧热丝GTAW堆焊技术,在Q235钢表面堆焊具有自润滑功能的含石墨相耐磨合金。方法设计含有镍包石墨粉的药芯焊丝,并使用无熔滴电弧热丝GTAW堆焊技术和传统GMAW两种方法进行对比堆焊。焊后,采用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对堆焊层进行对比摩擦磨损性能测试,利用光学显微镜、SEM和EDS研究堆焊层的微观结构及成分,并对磨损面形貌进行对比分析,探究自研焊接系统制备含石墨相堆焊层的工艺特点和堆焊层自润滑耐磨性能。结果无熔滴电弧热丝GTAW可以有效降低母材的稀释率,保证药芯焊丝自润滑石墨相过渡,且能提高熔敷率。堆焊层形成了Fe-Cr-B耐磨基体,并在晶界处分布大量的颗粒状石墨相。摩擦磨损实验中,堆焊层摩擦系数可低至约0.65,随着摩擦时间的延长,摩擦系数进一步减小,磨损面未发现典型犁沟,表面平滑且呈黑色,堆焊层具有自润滑功能,且摩擦系数与焊接参数有关。传统GMAW方法制备的堆焊层的摩擦系数为1.4左右,且随着磨损时间的延长,摩擦系数略有增大。结论无熔滴电弧热丝GTAW堆焊技术低热输入和高熔敷率的工艺特点适合堆焊,尤其适合防止焊丝化学成分烧损的堆焊。在合理控制工艺参数,焊接稳定的前提下,选择低辅助电流,可以成功制备含石墨相的自润滑耐磨堆焊层。     

等离子转移弧堆焊镍基和钴基合金堆焊层的组织和耐磨性能研究

采用等离子转移弧堆焊技术制备了碳化钨增强镍基Stelcar65合金和钴基Stellite6合金堆焊层,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了堆焊层的相组成和显微组织,并用磨损试验机研究了两种合金堆焊层的磨损性能。结果表明,Stelcar65合金堆焊层由碳化钨增强颗粒和镍基合金基体组成,碳化钨硬质颗粒均匀地分布在Stelcar65合金堆焊层中。Stellite6合金堆焊层从熔合线至表面,依次出现平面晶、胞状晶、树枝晶和等轴晶几种组织。Stelcar65、Stellite6合金堆焊层的平均硬度分别为542 HV和449 HV。Stelcar65合金堆焊层具有优异的耐磨性能,其堆焊层的磨损量小于Stellite6堆焊层。Stelcar65合金堆焊层的磨损机理是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,而Stellite6的磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金的滚动三体磨粒磨损行为研究

通过熔化极气体保护焊技术制备了Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金磨损试样,基于滚动三体磨粒环境下进行了干砂橡胶轮磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、维氏硬度计等显微分析和性能测试方法,对Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金熔敷金属的磨损失重和磨痕形貌进行检测与表征,研究了不同法向载荷条件下该熔敷金属的磨损行为变化规律。结果表明:随法向载荷的增加,磨损失重逐渐增加,但增幅逐渐变缓;磨损机制主要为磨粒对奥氏体基体的切削及VC硬质相和层片状合金碳化物的破碎剥落;磨损后表面硬度随法向载荷的增大逐渐增加,磨痕亚表面产生显著的加工硬化,奥氏体基体转变为马氏体组织,材料的硬度增强,使得熔敷金属在高载荷下表现出较好的耐磨性。     

Cr-Mn抗气蚀堆焊焊条

设计了一种Cr-Mn合金系统抗气蚀堆焊焊务,合金元素通过药皮向堆焊层中过渡.运用正交试验法对药皮配方进行了优化.对所设计焊条的工艺性能、熔敷金属的化学成分、堆焊层硬度和金相组织进行了分析.试验结果表明,焊条工艺性能良好,堆焊层加工硬化作用显著,能够满足抗气蚀性能的要求.     

Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属组织结构及耐磨性分析

针对Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属进行研究,采用XRD和SEM分析了样品的相结构和显微结构;研究发现焊丝熔敷金属中的Fe2B能使熔敷金属堆焊层更加稳固,具有良好的抗剥离性能,Fe2B的硬度高、耐磨性好、分布均匀,镶嵌在熔敷金属的基体中有着骨架的作用,使该合金具有了良好的耐磨性;堆焊金属中的TiC为NbC提供了凝结核,形成NbC+TiC复合相,在提高耐磨性的同时有利于促进NbC弥散分布。NbC+TiC复合相弥散分布在熔敷金属中,部分NbC+TiC复合相嵌于Fe2B组织中有利于固化Fe2B组织。通过Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属与5C-27Cr型高碳高铬合金焊丝熔敷金属磨损试验比较,Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化堆焊金属相对5C-27Cr型高碳高铬合金的耐磨性为2.08。     

氮合金化堆焊硬面合金组织与耐高温磨损性能

对马氏体不锈钢堆焊硬而合金进行了氮合金化,研究了其组织和耐高温磨损性能.结果表明,氮合金化马氏体不锈钢堆焊层显微组织主要为马氏体和铌、钛的复合碳氮化物;堆焊马氏体不锈钢硬面合金与碳钢的高温金属间磨损,为碳钢表面高温下形成的氧化皮,粘着于堆焊马氏体不锈钢硬面合金表面,导致堆焊马氏体不锈钢硬面合金产生磨粒磨损.氮合金化堆焊...     

45^#钢表面激光熔敷层腐蚀磨损性能的研究

研究了４５＾＃钢表面镍基自熔性合金激光熔敷层的腐蚀磨损性能，并通过组织分析和硬度测试，探讨了其腐蚀磨损过程，试验表明：激光熔敷层具有良好的耐腐蚀磨损性能，比２Ｃｒ１３不锈钢提高３－１０倍。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis