18Ni(2450MPa级)马氏体时效钢细化晶粒工艺

研究了 1 8Ni( 2 45 0 MPa级 )马氏体时效钢逆转变奥氏体再结晶规律及细化晶粒工艺。将原始组织为板条状马氏体和线状马氏体的逆转变奥氏体在一定温度下保温 ,观察其再结晶规律。将原始组织为“线状”马氏体的 1 8Ni马氏体时效钢进行α′ γ循环相变以细化晶粒 ,通过金相观察确定最佳细化晶粒工艺     

多层次细化处理对18Ni马氏体时效钢断裂韧性的影响

利用逆变奥氏体再结晶原理对18Ni(1700 MPa)马氏体时效钢进行变温循环相变细化处理,分析了循环相变细化处理对晶粒度和亚结构的细化规律,研究了细化处理对马氏体时效钢常规力学性能及断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,细化处理可以同时实现晶粒和亚结构细化,显著提高强度、塑性和冲击性能。细化处理对18Ni马氏体时效钢断裂韧度的影响不明显,晶粒尺寸和马氏体板条的长宽比是影响断裂韧性的两个主要因素。     

马氏体时效钢循环相变的EBSD分析

利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术和金相实验方法研究了循环相变处理对马氏体时效钢显微组织、晶粒取向及晶界分布特征的影响。结果表明,随着循环处理次数的增加,马氏体时效钢的晶粒逐渐细化,小角度晶界逐渐转变为大角度晶界,经过3次循环相变处理,小角度晶界向大角度晶界的转变达动态平衡,晶粒最细约为5μm,之后晶粒又开始长大;马氏体时效钢的强度随着小角度晶界所占比例的减少而逐渐降低,冲击韧性则随着大角度晶界所占比例的增加而提高,3次循环相变处理后马氏体时效钢的强韧性配合最佳。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢循环相变细晶工艺研究

研究了循环相变对18Ni(1800 MPa级)马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒细化的影响.结果表明,通过加热温度递减的变温循环相变,18Ni马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸可由201 μm的粗大等轴晶细化为约10 μm的均匀细小晶粒;而通过950、920和900℃的等温循环相变,得到细化的晶粒尺寸为12～14μm;通过循环相变显著细化了马氏体时效钢的晶粒尺寸,而温度递减的变温循环相变是该钢细化晶粒的有效措施.     

无Co马氏体时效钢筒形锻件的晶粒细化

为了细化T250无钴马氏体时效钢筒形锻件的晶粒,确保产品性能,对其进行了锻后反复循环加热急冷的热处理工艺试验。结果表明,温度递减的变温循环热处理可以使T250马氏体时效钢锻造后的晶粒得到一定程度的细化;循环热处理细化晶粒的机理与普通结构钢不同,需要有较长的保温时间,使其组织发生再结晶转变;循环热处理细化晶粒的作用有限,不能忽视锻造时对晶粒长大的防止和控制。     

18Ni无钴马氏体钢薄壁管径缩机理研究

采用显微组织观察、XRD分析和硬度测试,研究了热处理后18Ni无钴马氏体钢薄壁管径向收缩0.20%-0.38%的现象.结果表明,材料经旋压后组织呈现明显的织构形貌,晶粒被拉长,沿环向排列,相应硬度值升高.固溶处理后,晶粒细化并回复正常形貌,大部分残余应力消除;时效过程中,形成一定量的逆转变奥氏体,同时基体中析出弥散分布的沉淀强化相.分析表明,形变引起的内应力消除是薄壁管径缩的主要原因,时效过程产生逆转变奥氏体以及沉淀析出等相关的微观结构变化对径缩现象有明显的贡献.     

循环热处理对3J33（C）马氏体时效钢组织、性能的影响

3J33（C）马氏体时效钢是以无碳（或超低碳）铁镍马氏体为基体的时效强化型高弹性合金。采用工业电炉处理合金,高温固溶处理后,再经过4次变温循环相变,基体组织由高温固溶后220μm的粗大等轴晶细化为15μm左右的均匀细小晶粒。进一步时效处理后,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度、弹性极限、硬度提高10%以上,断面收缩率、断后伸长率、冲击吸收功提高30%以上。     

循环相变对T250马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响

通过DSC法测量T250马氏体时效钢的再结晶温度,随后采用多种α'→γ循环相变细化工艺进行试验,其加热温度高于再结晶温度50~150℃。结果表明,T250马氏体时效钢的再结晶温度为773℃;通过对比,确定先经过低温固溶的变温循环相变细化工艺为最佳细化工艺,其晶粒尺寸最终达到9.1μm;但循环相变对T250马氏体时效钢的硬度影响不大。利用T250马氏体时效钢进行循环热处理,成功地获得超细化晶粒,并且确定最佳细化工艺。经过循环热处理,晶粒得到明显细化,较好地达到晶粒超细化的目的。     

高温形变循环热处理对TiNi合金组织细化的影响

利用热机械模拟系统，对铸态Ti-50．3at％Ni合金进行高温形变循环热处理，研究不同热处理工艺对其组织细化的影响。结果表明：经过高温形变循环热处理，可以获得晶粒尺度在10μm以下的均匀单相显微组织。试样分别在55012和60012进行塑性变形，然后继续加热到80012短时保温进行不同的循环热处理，发现在55012变形后晶粒细化效果更加明显。还探讨了铸态Ti-50．3at％Ni合金高温形变循环热处理中组织的细化机理及其影响因素。     

Ni含量对淬火态含Cu时效钢显微组织的影响

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射等研究了Ni含量对淬火态含Cu时效钢显微组织和精细结构的影响。结果表明,随着Ni含量增加,含Cu时效钢显微组织由贝氏体组织逐渐向马氏体组织转变,显微硬度增加;原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随Ni含量增加略有增加,但马氏体板条宽度略有减小,马氏体变体与原奥氏体晶粒取向关系符合K-S关系。     

时效温度对SLM 18Ni300马氏体时效钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术制备了18Ni300马氏体时效钢,结合拉伸试验、硬度测试和显微组织表征等手段,研究了时效温度(390, 490, 590℃)对SLM 18Ni300马氏体时效钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SLM成形试样主要由Fe-Ni马氏体基体和胞状亚结构组成,经时效处理后,试样微观组织发生显著变化。随着时效温度的升高,胞状亚结构逐渐分解,马氏体逆转变成为奥氏体,Σ3晶界占比下降。同时,Ni₃X(X=Ti, Al, Mo)纳米相弥散析出,并在590℃时粗化。随着时效温度的升高,SLM 18Ni300马氏体时效钢的强度和硬度均先增加后下降,伸长率先降低后增加。其中,490℃时效的SLM马氏体时效钢兼具超高强度和较好塑性,这与其基体中弥散分布的纳米析出相、适量的奥氏体含量和较低的Σ3晶界占比有关。     

Effect of Mn Content on Microstructure and Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of a 7% Ni Steel

The effect of Mn content on the microstructure and cryogenic mechanical properties of a 7% Ni steel was investigated within the Mn content range from 0.13% to 0.36%. The microstructure of the steel as determined by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction and X-ray diffraction was presented, and the low-temperature mechanical properties were given. The size of prior austenite grain did not change a lot as Mn content increased. Film-like reversed austenite, having high stability, was found mainly in the specimens with lower Mn content; however, in the specimen with the highest Mn content, the role of Mn was not obvious in stabilizing reversed austenite. Besides, with increasing Mn content, the amount of reversed austenite at grain boundaries gradually decreased. The variable Mn content had a significant effect on cryogenic toughness, but not apparent on cryogenic tensile strength or yield strength. An excellent combination of cryogenic tensile and impact properties was obtained when Mn content of steel was 0.13%.     

Effects of molybdenum additions on the structure, depth, and austenite grain size of the case of carburized 0.13% carbon steels

Carbon (0.13%) steel samples containing about 0.48% molybdenum (Mo) singly and in combination with nickel (Ni) were carburized in a natural Titas gas atmosphere at a temperature of 1223 K (950 °C) and at a pressure of about 0.10 MPa (15 psia) for time periods ranging from 1–4 h followed by slow cooling in the furnace. Their microstructure was studied by optical microscopy. The austenite grain size of the case and the case depths were determined. It was found that Mo and Ni alone and in combination decrease the thickness of the cementite network near the surface of the carburized case of the steels. However, Ni is found to be more effective than Mo in decreasing the thickness of cementite network. Both Mo and Ni enhance the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates at the grain boundary and within the grains near the surface of the carburized steels. However, Ni alone is more effective than Mo in the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates. In the presence of Ni, Mo is much more effective in the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates than Mo in absence of Ni. It was also revealed that both Mo and Ni increased the case depth. Ni is more effective than Mo in increasing the case depth. The combined effect of Mo and Ni is much greater than that of either Mo or Ni alone in increasing case depth. Mo as Mo carbide (Mo₂C) particles refined the austenite grain size of the carburized case. Ni in solution was not found to have any effect in restricting grain growth of austenite, but the presence of Ni enhances the austenite grain size refining effect of Mo in the carburized case.     

两相区淬火对9Ni钢中逆转变奥氏体的影响

淬火+两相区淬火+回火(QIT)能显著的提高9Ni钢的低温韧性。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子探针(EPMA)对QIT处理的9Ni钢中逆转变奥氏体的含量、形貌、分布以及两相区淬火对逆转变奥氏体的影响进行了研究。结果表明,QIT处理的9Ni钢中逆转变奥氏体的含量约为10%,以块状和薄膜状形态分布在基体中;两相区淬火的9Ni钢中的大角度晶界增多,有利于逆转变奥氏体的形核;基体上某些区域的C、Mn和Ni元素含量较高,利于逆转变奥氏体长大和稳定化。     

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of AISI304 austenitic stainless steel A-TIG weld

Appropriate deep cryogenic treatment can improve comprehensive mechanical properties of the AISI304 austenitic stainless steel activating flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welds. The microstructure of the welds before and after deep cryogenic treatment was all austenite with a small amount of δ-ferrite. The vermiform ferrite + austenite distributed in the whole weld, but the lath-shaped ferrite + austenite mixed components only distributed in the centre of the weld. The phases in the two welds were all Cr–Ni–Fe–C and Fe–Ni solid solutions, ferric carbide (i.e. Fe₃C) and chromic carbides (i.e. Cr₂₃C₆ and Cr₇C₃). After deep cryogenic treatment, the grain size of the weld was decreased a certain of degree, and the carbide phase content was increased. The strength and micro-hardness of the weld joints were increased due to the grain refinement. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the weld was reduced because the precipitation of chromium carbides at the austenite grain boundary.     

Influence of Nb Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a 7%Ni Steel

The influence of Nb content on the microstructure and cryogenic mechanical properties of a 7%Ni steel was investigated within the Nb content range from 0 to 0.05%.The microstructure was characterized by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction,and the low-temperature mechanical property tests were conducted.The Nb addition can effectively refine the prior austenite grains and microstructure of the steel.Fine niobium precipitates with a diameter of about 10–50 nm were observed.They tend to be spherical and locate mainly in the vicinity of grain boundaries.Although there are considerable amounts of reversed austenite forming at grain boundaries in the specimen containing the highest Nb content,no Nb element was detected in such reversed austenite,which implies that Nb element did not affect the formation of the reversed austenite directly.Mechanical test results suggest that the strength of the 7%Ni steel is not simply in relation to the prior austenite grain size,but also depends on the amount of reversed austenite.On the other hand,the grain refinement,enhanced with increasing Nb content,has a good effect on cryogenic toughness.     

In-situ microscopy study of grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel by TiN particle

High-strength low-alloy steels subjected to high heat input welding are susceptible to failure due to low toughness caused by grain coarsening. The effect of TiN on grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) was investigated. Because of small amount of Ti addition, abundant dispersed nanoscale TiN precipitates were formed. The TiN precipitates tended to be stable at high temperature and effectively retarded the austenite grain growth by refining the grain size during thermal cycle. Furthermore, the TiN also covered on the surface of Al–Ti complex oxide with MnS and caused low interface energy with ferrite. The acicular ferrite grains nucleated on complex inclusion in austenite grains at intermediate temperature and induced the austenite grain transform to the fine-grained mixed microstructure of acicular ferrite and bainite. The crystallographic grain size became small in the simulated HAZ due to the effective pinning effect and acicular ferrite formation.     

Correlations of Ni Contents,Formation of Reversed Austenite and Toughness for Ni-Containing Cryogenic Steels

It has been widely demonstrated that addition of Ni in low-carbon steels can effectively improve the cryogenic toughness,but the mechanism behind it has yet to be clarified.In the present work,the evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching and tempering for Ni-containing cryogenic steels with different Ni contents(3.5-9 wt%) were investigated.The results showed that after quenching and tempering,the Ni-containing cryogenic steels were composed of tempered martensite and reversed austenite.The volume fraction of reversed austenite has increased from 0 up to 6.3%when the Ni content increases from 3.5%to 9%.The Charpy impact tests indicated that the lowtemperature toughness was markedly improved with the increase in Ni content,which can be correlated with the increase in reversed austenite amount.The main contribution of reversed austenite to the toughness lies in:(1) the elimination of cementite precipitates improved the plastic deformation capacity of matrix,and(2) the crack propagation is hindered through plastic deformation.     

20Cr2Ni4A钢中奥氏体晶界遗传现象

对２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ钢经高温预淬处理获得的粗大奥氏体晶粒的晶界在再次加热后的遗传现象进行了研究。研究认为，奥氏体晶界遗传与奥氏体晶粒遗传在产生机理上是有所不同的；奥氏体晶界遗传是由于成分和夹杂物在晶界偏聚，而这种偏聚在随后的加热保温过程中仍大量保留下来并且阻碍晶粒穿越晶界长大或合并而形成的。研究表明，这种奥氏体晶界遗传受热变形的影响，热变形的程度越大，则晶界遗传现象越不明显。     

不同镍含量奥氏体基低密度热轧钢的组织与力学性能

研究了3种Fe-18Mn-10Al-1C-(0, 3, 5)Ni-0.08V-0.03Nb(wt%)奥氏体基低密度双相钢在热轧后的组织和力学性能。结果表明,热轧后,试验钢的组织由拉长的奥氏体、条带状B2相及沿再结晶奥氏体晶粒晶界处的块状B2颗粒组成。此外,在奥氏体晶粒和B2颗粒中分别形成了纳米级κ-碳化物和DO₃相。5Ni钢屈服强度高达1352 MPa,这主要是由于奥氏体晶界存在大量纳米级别的B2颗粒以及VC相产生析出强化效果。随着Ni含量的增加,钢的强度与硬度均增加,5Ni钢屈服强度比0Ni钢高116 MPa,归因于5Ni钢中更多的B2相含量(16.9%)。但含Ni钢在强度增加的同时,极大损失了塑性,导致钢的伸长率极低,分析其原因为条带状B2相主要分布在奥氏体晶界处,试样在变形过程中裂纹更易沿晶界断裂,断口有分层现象。