外加电位对X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂的影响

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了不同电位下X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)行为．同时研究丁溶液中通入不同含量CO2对SCC的影响．结果表明．X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的开裂方式是穿晶型的．具有准解理特征．并且随着外加阴极电位的降低，SCC敏感性增加；随CO2含量的增加，pH值降低，SCC敏感性增加．均表现为氢致开裂占主导．     

外加电位对X70管线钢在近中性PH溶液中的应力腐蚀破损的影响

采用慢应变速率试验（SSRT）研究了不同电位下X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂（SCC）行为,同时研究了溶液中通往不同含量CO2对SCC的影响。结果表明,X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的开裂方式是穿晶型的,具有准解理特征,并且随着外加阴极电位的降低,SCC敏感性增加,随CO2含量的增加,pH值降低,SCC敏感性增加,均表现为氢致开裂占主导。     

X70管线钢近中性环境氢致开裂与阳极溶解的关系

采用慢速率拉伸试验(SSRT)方法及电化学测量技术,研究了阴极电位下X70钢在某种近中性介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)机理.试验表明,在近中性介质中,随着电位的降低,管线钢的SCC敏感性增强.但当电位低于某一范围后,SCC敏感性减弱;随着溶液pH值的降低,管线钢的腐蚀速率增大,敏感电位区间负移.分析表明,在近中性介质中,管线钢应力腐蚀开裂主要受阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种机理的联合作用,氢的渗入可能与氢的还原过程及管线钢阳极溶解密切相关.适宜的电位可以使阳极溶解和氢的联合作用增强.增强应力腐蚀开裂倾向.     

外加电位对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉仲试验(SSRT)研究了不同外加电位下X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,并用扫描电镜分析了不同电位下的断面形貌.结果表明,X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中具有SCC敏感性;在Ecorr附近施加弱极化时,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加;施加强阳极电位时,发生强烈阳极溶解,导致阳极溶解断裂;施加强阴极电位时,析氢过程加强,导致氢致应力腐蚀断裂.     

X70钢焊接接头在近中性溶液中应力腐蚀行为研究

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜以及电化学测量技术研究了X70管线钢焊接接头在近中性模拟土壤溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明,断口和柱面SCC裂纹均发生在热影响区(HAZ)。在试验溶液中,随着外加极化电位降低管线钢SCC敏感性增强,电位负移到一定电位值后,SCC敏感性减弱;随着溶液pH值降低,腐蚀速率增大,敏感电位区间负移。施加阴极电位时,在试样断口观察到明显的准解理脆断特征,断口和柱面有穿晶SCC裂纹。分析了焊接接头试样HAZ的SCC机理,在试验介质中,管线钢应力腐蚀开裂主要受阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种机理的联合作用,适当的电位可以使阳极溶解和氢致开裂的联合作用达到最大,从而造成较严重的应力腐蚀开裂。     

波动频率对X70钢焊接接头应力腐蚀行为的影响

研究了波动频率对X70管线钢焊接接头在阴极电位下的近中性介质中慢应变速率应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.结果表明,X70钢在波动:拉伸载荷和阴极电位(-850 mVSCE)条件下,存在着一定的SCC敏感性.在波动拉伸载荷试验(F-SSRT)情况下,SCC裂纹的扩展机理与匀速慢拉伸试验(SSRT)时的裂纹扩展机理明显不同,SCC裂纹可以从材料表面产生的微孔处萌生并沿主应力面扩展,当载荷波动频率增大到一定程度时,SCC裂纹转变为沿45°最大剪应力面扩展.X70管线钢焊接接头阴极电位下近中性介质中SCC敏感部位为过热区.同时分析了氢在F.SSRT试样SCC过程中的作用和机理.     

外加电位对X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位扫描方法和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并用扫描电镜观察分析了不同外加电位下的断口形貌。结果表明,X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的极化曲线具有典型的活性溶解特征。随外加电位的负移,X80管线钢的应力腐蚀敏感性明显增加。阴极极化条件下,X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的SCC的开裂机制为氢致破裂(HIC)。     

温度和外加电位对X70管线钢在土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位扫描、慢应变拉伸（SSRT）和扫描电镜观察研究了温度和外加电位对X70管线钢在成都土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在不同温度和不同电位下,X70管线钢在土壤模拟溶液中表现出不同的应力腐蚀敏感性。在温度和外加电位的交互试验中,电位的变化对X70管线钢在成都土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性的影响占主导地位,应力腐蚀敏感性在不同温度下的变化趋势保持一致。在－450 mV(vs SCE,下同)的阳极电位下,SCC的机理为阳极溶解;在－850 mV电位下,阴极保护作用抑制了阳极溶解;当电位负移至－1200 mV时,表现出较强的应力腐蚀敏感性,SCC机理以氢脆为主。温度对应力腐蚀敏感性的影响主要体现在对阴极极化电位的影响,但是各种因素综合在一起导致应力腐蚀敏感性随温度变化的复杂性。     

外加电位对X90钢及其焊缝在近中性土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验、动电位极化技术和SEM观察等方法,研究了X90钢基体和焊缝在近中性土壤模拟溶液中不同阴极保护电位下的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明,X90管线钢及其焊缝组织在近中性土壤模拟溶液中均具有一定的应力腐蚀敏感性,裂纹扩展为穿晶腐蚀裂纹;应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的裂纹萌生与扩展与外加保护电位有关。在开路电位(OCP)~-1000 m V的电位范围内,X90钢的SCC机制均为阳极溶解(AD)+氢脆(HE)的混合机制;在OCP下,由于AD作用较强,SCC敏感性较明显;在-800 m V下,由于AD和HE作用均较弱,导致SCC敏感性最低;而在-900 m V时,由于HE作用明显增强,具有最高的SCC敏感性;在相同电位条件下,焊缝的SCC敏感性高于母材。     

温度、pH值和氧浓度对X70管线钢电化学行为的影响

通过正交试验法,采用动电位扫描技术研究了温度、溶解氧(DO)和pH值等环境因素对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中电化学行为的影响.结果表明,温度、溶解氧和pH值都对X70管线钢在模拟溶液中的腐蚀电流密度影响较大;溶解氧对X70管线钢在模拟溶液中腐蚀电流密度影响最大;在低温缺氧弱酸性环境的条件下,X70管线钢在模拟溶液中腐蚀程度小,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性大.     

Local environment under simulated disbonded coating on steel pipelines in soil solution

Taking advantage of microelectrode technique, the local potential and pH in a crevice simulating disbonded coating on X70 pipeline steel were investigated as a function of cathodic protection (CP) in a near neutral pH soil bulk solution bubbled with 5% CO₂/N₂ gas. The experimental potential–pH (E–pH) diagrams were established for the steel in the crevice. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of the steel in the local environment in the crevice was analyzed based on the experimental E–pH diagrams. The results showed that the local steel potential in the deep of the crevice was independent on CP potential applied at the opening. Due to the effect of the atmospheric CO₂, a near-neutral pH local environment promoting near-neutral pH SCC (also known as transgranular SCC, TGSCC) might be harbored in the crevice even with normal CP at the opening. During CP interruption, the steel potential decay and CO₂ absorption (pH decrease) might shift E–pH points into a susceptibility region of near-neutral pH SCC.     

Effects of Cathodic Potential, Bicarbonate, and Chloride Ions on SCC of X70 Pipeline Steel

This is an investigation on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 pipeline steel in high pH carbonate-bicarbonate solutions with different concentrations of bicarbonate and chloride ions and at cathodic potential of ?1100 mV versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) using slow strain rate testing. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of X70 pipeline steel in solutions with different concentrations. X70 pipeline steel fracture surface morphology in these different solutions was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggested that the susceptibility to SCC for X70 pipeline steel decreased in the most dilute carbonate-bicarbonate solution in the absence of the chloride ion. Also, at potential of ?1100 mV versus SCE, all fracture surfaces showed semi-brittle behavior with transgranular cracks.     

X70钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

在不同的阴极保护电位下,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验、动电位极化方法以及SEM研究了X70钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明: X70钢发生穿晶应力腐蚀裂纹;应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)萌生与外加保护电位有关,完全受阳极过程控制时X70钢的SCC敏感性较低,但会发生点蚀和严重的均匀腐蚀;受混合电极过程控制和全受阴极过程控制时均能发生SCC;受混合电极过程控制时,SCC二次裂纹与点蚀伴生,裂纹形核密度大;而完全受阴极过程控制时,SCC裂纹附近未见点蚀坑,裂纹形核密度低;混合电极过程控制时比完全阴极电极过程控制下更容易发生SCC裂纹.     

A Study on Stress Corrosion Cracking of X70 Pipeline Steel in Carbonate Solution by EIS

In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) simultaneously with the slow strain rate testing were used to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 pipeline steel in high pH bicarbonate solution at different applied potentials. Potentiostatic EIS tests were also conducted at certain times to determine the changes associated with the SCC. Circuit models for the cracking were proposed by the use of the potentiostatic EIS measurements at different applied potentials. Finally, the results of the potentiostatic EIS tests and the SSR tests showed the decline of the circuit element resistance by increasing the stress which was related to the cracking. It was also observed that the X70 pipeline steel was most susceptible to SCC at potential of ?650 mV versus SCE.     

Mechanistic aspect of near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines under cathodic polarization

This paper investigates mechanistically stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of an X70 pipeline steel that is under cathodic protection (CP) in a near-neutral pH solution. It was found that there is a critical potential range, i.e., ?730 and ?920 mV_SCE, where the steel is in a non-equilibrium electrochemical state, and anodic dissolution (AD) reaction may occur when the steel is polarized cathodically. When the applied potential is more positive than this range, SCC is AD-based; while the applied potential is more negative, SCC of pipelines is under hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism. When the polarization potential is within the range, SCC of the steel is under the combined effect of AD and HE. Therefore, AD may still occur on pipeline steel that is under CP with the potential within this critical range, contributing to the cracking process.     

应变速率对管线钢近中性pH值环境敏感开裂的影响

以X-70管线钢近中性pH值溶液(NS4和实际土壤溶液)为研究对象,研究了恒载荷、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT) 和循环蓑荷等不同条件下的环境开裂行为.结果表明,在该体系中局部应变速率是联系各种不同断裂过程的纽带,决定着断裂的模式.当该局部应变速率低于发生应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感局部应变速率的上限(即5×10-5 s-1)时, SCC才能够发生;在循环载荷作用下,当该局部应变速率高于此上限时,将发生力学因素起主导作用的腐蚀疲劳(CF)开裂;该局部应变速率继续升高时,将发生机械断裂.对X-70管线钢在近中性pH值的环境开裂,不论开裂过程是溶解或(和)氨的作用占主导,均受局部应变速率控制.在通常遇到的现场服役条件下, X-70管线钢在近中性pH值溶液中的开裂模式是SCC,不是CF,应称之为“近中性pH值应变促进腐蚀开裂”,实质上这是一种由局部应变速率决定的环境开裂行为.