真空熔烧Ni基合金—WC复合涂层的耐磨特性研究

在 Ｍ Ｐ Ｘ２０００ 型盘销式摩擦磨损试验机上,对真空熔烧 Ｎｉ基合金 Ｗ Ｃ复合涂层进行了无润滑的摩擦磨损试验。结果表明,低 Ｗ Ｃ添加量（２５％ 、３５％ ）的复合涂层有着优良的耐磨性,而高 Ｗ Ｃ添加量（６０％ ）涂层的耐磨性则较差。涂层磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损。     

液相脉冲放电沉积TiC陶瓷涂层的滑动磨损性能研究

将高熔点金属Ti电极置入含碳的液相介质中，利用脉冲放电所产生的低温高能等离子体在45钢基体上沉积了TiC硬质金属陶瓷涂层，对TiC陶瓷涂层进行了滑动磨损试验。结果表明：在本试验条件下，TiC涂层的滑动摩擦系数较小，且较稳定；在相同的磨损实验条件下，TiC涂层的磨损质量损失是未处理表面的1／10左右，是化学复合镀Ni-P-SiC（纳米）镀层的1／6左右，说明涂层的耐磨性相对较好。涂层磨损形貌观察发现：涂层磨痕均为浅显的平行犁沟，表明涂层的磨损机理为轻微磨粒磨损。     

不同弧电流对AlCrBN涂层结构和性能的影响

目的 提高涂层刀具在高速工况下的切削寿命。方法 利用电弧离子镀技术在高速钢试样块和刀具表面制备不同弧电流（60、80、100 A）的AlCrBN涂层。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、轮廓仪、洛氏压痕仪、划痕仪、显微硬度计、球盘摩擦磨损试验仪和切削试验对涂层的微观结构和性能进行研究分析。结果 AlCrBN涂层的物相成分为固溶的fcc-(Cr,Al)N相以及少量的CrB2和fcc-BN相。随着AlCrB靶弧电流由60 A增至100 A，表面粗糙度Sq值由197 nm增至208 nm，Sa值由107 nm增至113 nm；显微硬度由3574HK0.05先增至3890HK0.05，再降至3209HK0.05；结合强度Lc2由57 N增至63 N，再降至55 N，均呈现先增后减的趋势。不同弧电流制备的AlCrBN涂层的磨损率依次为0.69×10-15、0.38×10-15、0.84× 10-15 m3/(N?m)，涂层的磨损机理均为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。切削结果显示，AlCrBN涂层刀具在切削速度VC为60 m/min和191 m/min条件下的切削寿命均高于AlCrN涂层刀具，且80 A条件下制备的AlCrBN涂层刀具切削寿命均最长，分别为9 m和6 m。切削速度60 m/min条件下的磨损机理：初期为磨粒磨损，中期为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损，后期为粘着磨损。切削速度191 m/min条件下的磨损机理：初期和中期为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损，后期为粘着磨损。结论 AlCrBN涂层刀具与AlCrN涂层刀具相比，切削性能更加优越，并且80 A条件下制备的AlCrBN涂层的综合性能最优。     

液相脉冲放电沉积TiC陶瓷涂层的滑动磨损性能研究

将高熔点金属Ti电极置入含碳的液相介质中,利用脉冲放电所产生的低温高能等离子体在45钢基体上沉积了TiC硬质金属陶瓷涂层,对TiC陶瓷涂层进行了滑动磨损试验。结果表明:在本试验条件下,TiC涂层的滑动摩擦系数较小,且较稳定;在相同的磨损实验条件下,TiC涂层的磨损质量损失是未处理表面的1/10左右,是化学复合镀N i-P-SiC(纳米)镀层的1/6左右,说明涂层的耐磨性相对较好。涂层磨损形貌观察发现:涂层磨痕均为浅显的平行犁沟,表明涂层的磨损机理为轻微磨粒磨损。     

火焰喷熔Ni60合金涂层耐磨粒磨损性能的研究

利用氧-乙炔焰喷涂后重熔Ni60涂层，通过磨粒磨损试验，在相同的试验条件下，比较了N80钢和Ni60火焰喷涂后重熔涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能。利用扫描电镜分析涂层的组织结构，利用X射线衍射仪分析涂层中的硬质相。磨损试验结果表明，喷涂后重熔的Ni60涂层的耐磨性优于N80钢的耐磨性。     

超音速火焰喷涂碳化钨-钴涂层磨粒磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺在16Mn钢上制备了WC-12Co涂层,并测试了该涂层的力学性能特别是其抗磨粒磨损性能。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层的主相为碳化钨,显微硬度为(1341.0±134.3)HV,孔隙率为0.21%±0.04%。该涂层的磨损率随着磨粒硬度、磨粒粒度和加载载荷的增加而增加。当磨粒的硬度低于涂层硬度时,涂层的磨损机制以磨耗磨损为主,磨损率低;当磨粒的硬度超过涂层的硬度时,涂层的磨损以微切削为主,磨损率高。另外,WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性相对于16Mn钢也是随着磨粒的硬度变化而变化。     

Ni-P化学镀层的冲击磨粒磨损性能研究

利用单摆划痕法的冲击加载特性,研究了Ni-P化学镀层的冲击磨粒磨损性能.用单摆划痕法测定的比能耗（材料产生单位体积划痕所消耗的能量）可作为材料耐冲击磨粒磨损性能的评价指标,材料的比能耗越大,其耐冲击磨粒磨损性能越好.试验结果表明,提高热处理温度可增加Ni-P镀层的比能耗,但当磷含量增加时,镀层因发生塑脆转变,比能耗趋于减少.含磷量（质量分数,下同）为4.5%的镀层经600 ℃保温1 h热处理后其比能耗最大,耐冲击磨粒磨损性能最好.当热处理温度较高时,含磷量分别为4.5%、8.2%和10.8%的镀层的摩擦系数μ趋于一致.在冲击加载条件下,切向动态硬度和法向动态硬度与比能耗有较好的相关性,它们在评价材料耐冲击磨粒磨损性能方面比显微硬度更加可信.     

钎焊金刚石耐磨涂层制备及其磨损性能

为提高农机刃具类零件的抗磨粒磨损性能,提出一种钎焊金刚石耐磨涂层制备方法,在Q235钢基体上制备了不同粒径及镀覆状态的金刚石耐磨涂层,并与65Mn钢的摩擦磨损和抗磨粒磨损性能进行对比。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层表面、涂层与钢基体界面、涂层磨损后的表面微观形貌进行表征,并分析涂层的磨损规律及机理。结果表明:钎焊金刚石涂层与钢基体结合良好,金刚石在涂层中均匀分布,涂层厚度约370 μm。钎焊金刚石涂层的耐磨性优于65Mn钢的,且随着金刚石粒径减小钎焊金刚石涂层的摩擦系数降低,涂层的耐磨性增大;钎焊镀钨金刚石涂层的抗摩擦磨损和磨粒磨损性能均高于钎焊未镀覆金刚石涂层的。      

陶瓷膜对牙轮钻头滑动轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）和物理气相沉积（PVD）工艺,分别选用高铝钛及TiC+ Ti(C, N) +TiN复合的金属陶瓷在滑动轴承表面制备金属陶瓷膜层。采用金相显微镜（OM）、体视显微镜和显微硬度计对不同金属陶瓷膜的表面形貌、组织结构及厚度进行测量和观察,并在MMW-1型万能摩擦磨损试验机对涂层材料进行摩擦磨损试验,通过测量磨损量与摩擦因数随时间的变化规律,观察摩擦副表面磨损形貌,分析了不同陶瓷膜层的耐磨性和摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,涂镀复合陶瓷膜（TiC/Ti(C, N)/TiN）的销试件硬度高、磨损极其轻微、表面质地均匀且光滑,复合陶瓷膜（淬火）更适用于牙轮钻头滑动轴承表面涂层材料。     

两种TiAlN涂层的往复滑动摩擦学性能研究*

采用PLINT磨损试验机,对比考察了2种磁控溅射TiAlN涂层在往复滑动条件下的摩擦磨损性能.在摩擦动力学分析基础上,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、激光共焦显微镜（LCSM）、电子能谱（EDX）和X射线衍射XRD进行了微观分析,探讨了TiAlN涂层的摩擦磨损机理.结果表明：TiAlN涂层的摩擦学性能与涂层本身微结构密切相关;较低的摩擦因数对应着较好的耐磨性;涂层的往复滑动磨损表现为磨粒磨损、剥层和氧化磨损的共同作用的机制.     

Nanocrystalline CVD diamond coatings for drilling of WC-Co parts

Drilling of pre-sintered cemented carbide parts is a challenging task due to the high hardness and abrasive nature of the WC grains. This operation is commonly done using uncoated cemented carbide drill bits but the tool life is very limited requiring tool re-sharpening after a few holes. A solution for the improvement of the tool performance is here exploited by the use of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films as high abrasion resistant coatings. These coatings were grown in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) reactor. Filament temperatures in the range of 1940-1980 °C were crucial to obtain highly adherent and very uniform coatings at the cutting edge and on the surfaces of the flutes. The performance of the coated tools was evaluated in through-hole drilling of a pre-sintered cemented carbide showing outstanding cutting efficiency when compared to that of an uncoated tool: maximal 940 mm/min infeed rates (app. 1 s to drill 17 mm) instead of 20 mm/min for the latter; absence of tool wear in contrast to a flank wear of about 50 μm in the uncoated tool after only 4 holes; hole edge integrity even at the highest infeed rates while grain decohesion at the hole edge takes place when using bare drill bits.     

Evaluation of the mechanical behaviour of nanometre-thick coatings deposited using an atmospheric pressure plasma system

This study evaluated the use of pin-on-disc wear testing as a technique to examine the mechanical behaviour of nanometre thick plasma deposited coatings. The coatings were deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate and silicon wafer substrates by directly injecting an aerosol of siloxane liquid precursors into a helium/oxygen atmospheric pressure plasma. The siloxane precursors examined were hexamethyldisiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane. The mechanical performance of 21 (± 3) nm thick coatings was compared using a pin-on-disc wear test technique and fragmentation tests. An increase in the level of precursor plasma exposure was found to be associated with an increase in coating surface energy and a reduction in coating roughness and resulted in enhanced wear resistance. Fragmentation tests revealed a transition from ductile failure to brittle failure as the level of plasma exposure increased. This correlated with the reduction in coating wear rates. Wear track depth and proximity to the coating/substrate interface were both found to influence the rate or wear. A simple correlation between wear rate and applied force is presented as a method for comparing coating performance using pin-on-disc wear testing.     

等离子重叠熔敷对Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层性能的影响

由于材料的磨损性能与其组织关系密切,因此重叠熔敷涂层的制备方法对涂层磨损性能也有着重要影响. 在前期试验基础上制得等离子一层、二层和三层重叠熔敷涂层,采用SEM等观察了重叠熔敷涂层的显微组织和磨损形貌,用半自动显微硬度计进行硬度测试,用磨损试验机测试计算了涂层的摩擦系数,并通过比较3种重叠熔敷涂层的组织和磨损性能,探讨了重叠熔敷工艺对涂层磨损性能的影响,以指导涂层的制备工艺. 结果表明,随着重叠熔敷层数的增加,涂层摩擦系数降低,耐磨性能和载荷特性显著提高.     

HVOF喷涂AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层在模拟海水钻井液中的腐蚀和磨损性能研究

目的 提高钻具关键易损零部件在海洋钻探实际应用中的耐腐蚀和磨损性能。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂技术（HVOF）制备Al CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层。使用电化学工作站对涂层和35CrMo钢基体（常用的钻具材料）进行电化学测试,电化学测试包括动电位极化曲线测试和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试。采用摩擦磨损试验机对涂层在模拟海水钻井液中不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的磨损行为进行研究。采用扫描电子显微镜及X射线能谱仪对磨痕表面微观形貌及成分进行分析,利用三维白光干涉形貌仪测量涂层的磨痕三维形貌及磨损体积。结果 HVOF喷涂Al Co Cr Fe Ni高熵合金涂层在模拟海水钻井液中的耐腐蚀性优于35CrMo钢基体,可以起到有效的腐蚀防护作用。相同条件下,Al CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层的耐磨性优于35CrMo钢基体。在滑动摩擦磨损过程中,随着载荷及滑动速度的增大,涂层的平均摩擦系数和磨损率均增大,且涂层的磨粒磨损程度加重。当载荷为6 N时,涂层发生疲劳磨损;当滑动速度为0.15 m/s时,涂层出现粘着磨损。模拟海水钻井液对涂层磨损性能的影响可以分为2个方面。一方面可以起到润滑作用,模拟海水钻井液显著改...     

Characterization and wear properties of nanoscaled TiN/TaN multilayer coatings

The structural, morphological, mechanical and tribological characterization of nanoscaled multilayer TiN/TaN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering technology were investigated by low angle X-ray diffractometry, high angle X-ray diffractometry, atomic force microscopy, microhardness, pin-on-disc testing and 3-D surface profiler. The results show that the TiN/TaN coatings exhibit good modulation period and sharp interface between TiN and TaN layers. In mutilayered TiN/TaN coatings, TiN layers have cubic structure, but hexagonal structure emerged among TaN layers besides cubic structure as modulation period is beyond 8.5 nm. The mierohardness is affected by modulation period and the maximum hardness value of 31.5 GPa appears at a modulation period of 8.5 rim. The coefficient of friction is high and the wear resistance is improved for TiN/TaN coatings compared with those of TiN coating; the wear mechanism exhibits predominantly ploughing, material transfer and localized spallation.     

Drilling of carbon composites using a one shot drill bit. Part II: empirical modeling of maximum thrust force

In order to extend tool life and improve quality of hole drilling in carbon composite materials, a better understanding of ‘one shot’ hole drilling is required. This paper describes the development of an empirical model of the maximum thrust force and torque produced during drilling of carbon fiber with a ‘one shot’ drill bit. Shaw's simplified equations are adapted in order to accommodate for tool wear and used to predict maximum thrust force and torque in the drilling of carbon composite with a ‘one shot’ drill bit. The mathematical model is dependent on the number of holes drilled previously, the geometry of the drill bit, the feed used and the thickness of the workpiece. The model presented here is verified by extensive experimental data.     

金属基体高温耐磨复合涂层的制备与磨损性能研究

锅炉受热面金属管壁的磨损问题是困扰电厂安全运行的一大难题.实验采用改性无机粘结剂,以耐磨性优良的SiC、Al2O3颗粒为基本骨料,辅以少量Cr2O3颗粒,再添加少量的膨润土和无机纤维为增强材料,提高涂层和基体间的结合力.在500℃下固化后得到实验涂层.分别在冲蚀角15°、25°、35°、45°、60°下研究了涂层耐冲蚀...     

新型高温磨粒磨损测试装置及方法

为研究涂层等表面工程零件的磨损性能,介绍了一种新型的高温磨粒磨损测试装置和方法,可以模拟研究高温氧化腐蚀和磨粒磨损交互作用,并研究了测试温度、测试载荷、测试时间和三种磨料对涂层磨粒磨损测试结果的影响.结果表明,这种高温磨粒磨损测试方法可以评价不同温度和载荷条件下涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能;高温磨粒磨损测试装置结构简单,运行稳定,所测试的数据准确、重现性好;当温度和载荷变化时,涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能也会变化.     

稀土元素对Cu14AlX涂层组织和摩擦性能的影响

采用气雾水冷方法制备Ce质量分数分别为0和0.6%的Cu14AlX合金粉末,超音速等离子喷涂的方法制备喷涂层,利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM-EDS以及EPMA分析Ce元素对Cu14AlX喷涂层表面组织形貌、合金相结构和化学成分的影响。在边界润滑条件下,比较不同Ce含量下喷涂层摩擦磨损性能,用SEM-EDS分析喷涂层磨损形貌及成分变化。结果表明:Ce的加入可以细化Cu14AlX喷涂层组织,使得Fe元素和K相增多且分布更加均匀,提高了喷涂层的耐磨性。两种喷涂层有不同的磨损形式,随着载荷的增大,不含Ce的喷涂层粘着磨损严重并伴随轻微的磨粒磨损,在高载荷(4.90Mpa)下,由粘着磨损转化为磨粒磨损;含Ce(质量分数)0.6%的喷涂层以轻度磨粒磨损为主,在高载荷下,转变为中度磨粒磨损,部分区域出现加工硬化现象.     

Evaluation of Hard Coating Performance in Drilling Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI)

The aim of this investigation was to compare the performance of the following commercial coatings system, TiAlN/TiN, AlCrN, and TiSiN/AlCrN, deposited in cemented carbide tools in drilling compact graphite iron (CGI). The drilling tests were conducted adopting two cutting speeds: 80 or 150 m/min. For each test condition, the tool flank wear, the machining feed force, and the circularity and the roughness of the resulting drilled hole were determined. At the cutting speed of 80 m/min, the results revealed that the tool life, in terms of flank wear, was improved for the Cr-based coatings, while the multilayered coatings presented a better performance at the cutting speed of 150 m/min. It was also found that feed force is substantially increased when drilling at a cutting speed of 150 m/min. The holes drilled with the TiSiN/AlCrN at a cutting speed of 150 m/min showed the best circularity. The drill roughness is directly influenced by the coating system wear and iron adhesion. Consequently, it was found that the lowest holes’ roughness was obtained with TiSiN/AlCrN at 80 m/min.