聚晶立方氮化硼刀具磨损与寿命研究综述

聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)是一种超硬刀具材料,由于其具有硬度高、化学稳定性和热稳定性好等优点,已经被广泛应用于汽车、航空航天、能源等领域的机械零部件加工。文中分析了PCBN刀具的主要磨损形式及其原因,并从刀具材料构成和几何形状、工件材料以及切削条件3个方面总结了影响PCBN刀具磨损和寿命的主要因素,最后介绍了切削参数优化和添加涂层等方法在提高刀具耐磨性与寿命方面的应用。     

梯度聚晶金刚石复合材料的开发

应用粉末层铺法制备梯度聚晶金刚石复合片材料，并通过SEM、XRD、显微硬度等对该材料进行组织与性能分析。结果表明，在以钴作粘结剂的聚晶金刚石层中金刚石相实现了D-D结合，通过梯度过渡层与硬质合金基体结合既保证了聚晶金刚石的硬度，又改善了界面的结合状况，从而提高了聚晶金刚石复合片的性能和使用寿命。     

等离子弧喷焊镍基合金对喷焊层硬度的影响

以提高基体材料喷焊层的硬度及耐磨性为目的,使用等离子弧喷焊技术对基体材料(Q345C低合金钢)进行焊接,对于DG.Ni60B镍基合金粉末,选用100,150 A转移弧电流对其进行喷焊。而对于DG.Ni60WC25镍基合金粉末,则在100,150,170,200 A转移弧电流下进行喷焊。结果表明,当使用同一种镍基合金粉末喷焊时,喷焊层最大硬度值和耐磨性随转移弧电流增大而降低。在相同转移弧电流条件下,添加硬质复合材料(碳化钨,WC)镍基合金粉末DG.Ni60WC25焊层的硬度和耐磨性明显高于未添加硬质复合材料镍基合金粉末DG.Ni60B的焊层。试验得出:等离子弧喷焊时,随着转移弧电流的增大,会使喷焊层表面耐磨性减小。但在DG.Ni60B镍基合金粉末中加入硬质相WC之后,对其复合合金粉末进行喷焊,可使转移弧电流对焊层表面耐磨性的影响程度降低。同时,在喷焊层和基体材料结合界面之间出现较大的硬度值,甚至在界面处可获得硬度的最大值。     

Ti(C,N)系结合剂PCBN复合片制备及性能研究

以Ti(C,N)为主结合剂,添加不同物质制备高韧性、高耐磨性刀具用PCBN复合片,探讨Ti(C,N)系结合剂聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)复合片的显微硬度、磨耗比、抗冲击韧性与不同添加物的关系,同时采用X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜等仪器设备对PCBN复合片进行物相和微观组织结构分析。实验结果表明:WC、Al2O3、Y2O3、表面镀镍SiC晶须等物质的添加显著提高了复合片的综合性能,AlN的加入反而降低了复合片的耐磨性和抗冲击性能。     

不同粘结剂对PCBN复合片烧结及性能的影响

PCBN复合片以其硬度高、耐磨性好以及化学惰性强等优点作为切割工具材料被广泛应用于钢材、铸铁等加工行业。本文主要论述了金属粘结剂、陶瓷粘结剂、金属-陶瓷粘结剂对PCBN复合片烧结及其性能的影响,对其他增强增韧材料对PCBN复合片烧结及其性能影响的研究现状也作了简要介绍,大量文献认为粘结剂组分和配比是制备高性能PCBN复合片的关键。     

T10钢盐浴渗硼工艺及性能研究

为了提高T10钢模具的硬度及耐磨性,笔者对其表面进行液体盐浴渗硼处理.设计L9(34)正交试验,研究盐浴配方中SiC,B4C和KCl含量及渗硼温度对渗层组织及性能的影响.结果表明:B4C含量对渗层厚度和耐磨性的影响最大;随SiC含量增加,渗硼层厚度和耐磨性均升高;随B4C含量、KCl含量及温度的升高,渗硼层厚度和耐磨性...     

PCBN微型铣刀的制备及应用

聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀具具有高硬度、高耐磨性、较好的导热性、较低的摩擦系数,同时又具有优良的化学稳定性、热稳定性及加工红硬性,可以以铣磨方式高效加工高硬度、高强度、耐腐蚀性钢材并获得高表面加工质量。在分析PCBN微型铣刀的设计特点与加工难点基础上,成功制备了颈部缩颈3 mm,直径0.2 、0.4 、0.6 以及1.0 mm的PCBN微型球头双螺旋刃铣刀,并使用直径0.4 mm的微型铣刀进行铣削实验。结果表明:制备的PCBN微型铣刀可以高质量、高效率地加工硬度50 HRC的模具钢模具,模具的表面粗糙度R_a值可达0.101 μm,且无阴阳面,满足其表面最终加工要求。      

WCp增强球铁基复合材料模具的制备及其磨损性能

针对耐火砖模具的工矿特点,将复合材料设计原理和铸造技术相结合,采用复合剂技术,在普通砂型条件下制备了WCp增强球墨铸铁基表层复合材料模具,并对其三体磨粒磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,合适的球墨铸铁基体材料的主要成分w为3.7%C、2.1%Si、1.0%Cu和0.3%Mn;铸件表面平整,复合层厚度均匀,可达7～9 mm,复合组织的硬度达到HRC 62以上;复合材料相对于基体材料的耐磨性提高到8以上.     

AZ91D镁合金表面Si颗粒激光熔覆层的组织与性能研究

为提高AZ91D镁合金的硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性,在其表面预置Si粉进行激光表面改性处理,进行工艺参数的探究。结果表明:当熔覆层厚度为250μm、激光扫描功率为145 W、激光扫描速度为200 mm/min时,可获得成型良好的改性层,其主要由α-Mg、Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Mg_2Si组成,改性层平均硬度大幅提高,耐腐蚀性及耐磨性均有显著改善。     

激光熔覆原位制备TiC/TiB复合陶瓷涂层的工艺参数优化

通过激光熔覆技术,以Ti+B4C为原始粉末,在钛合金表面原位制备了TiC/TiB复合陶瓷涂层。基于响应面法,建立了激光熔覆工艺参数与陶瓷涂层几何特征和显微硬度之间的数学模型,研究了激光功率、扫描速度和光斑直径对涂层厚度、高度差和显微硬度的影响规律。结果表明,涂层的高度差随光斑直径增加而增大;显微硬度随激光功率增加而提高;激光工艺参数对涂层厚度没有显著影响。对激光工艺参数进行优化,得到了一组较优的工艺参数:激光功率P=400W、扫描速度V=7mm/s、光斑直径D=1mm。     

Evaluation of layer adhered on PCBN tools during turning of AISI D2 steel

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools have high abrasion resistance and are thus suitable for application in the machining of steels with a high volume fraction of primary carbides in their microstructure. These tools are usually applied in the machining of steels with hardness above 45–50 HRC and in the case of application to steels with hardness below 45 HRC, the formation of an adhered layer on the rake face of the tools often occurs. This paper reports a study on the impact of the layer adhered on PCBN tools during the turning of AISI D2 steel, with 35 and 50 HRC. The microhardness and microstructure of the adhered material were determined, as well as the tool wear based on volumetric wear parameters. The layer adhered on the PCBN tool rake face has the same chemical elements as the machined steel alloy. Its microstructure is oriented in the direction of the chip flow and the primary carbides were fragmented. For the sample with 35 HRC the amount of material adhered (W_AM) on the rake face of the PCBN tool was approximately 360% higher than the steel with 50 HRC. The material layer adhered on the PCBN tool rake surface in the case of the 35 HRC steel acts as an edge (assuming the cutting function), while for the 50 HRC steel, the adhered layer intensifies the adhesion wear mechanism through spalling on the tool rake face. The results obtained provide important information for the selection of materials and grades for the development of new cutting tools.     

Impact of tool wear on joint strength in friction stir spot welding of DP 980 steel

Abstract

Friction stir spot welding has been shown to be a viable method of joining ultra high strength steel, both in terms of joint strength and process cycle time. However, the cost of tooling must be reasonable in order for this method to be adopted as an industrial process. Recently a new tool alloy has been developed, using a blend of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and tungsten rhenium (W–Re) in order to improve the toughness of the tool. Wear testing results are presented for two of these alloys: one with a composition of 60% PCBN and 40% W–Re, and one with 70% PCBN and 30% W–Re. The sheet material used for all wear testing was 1·4 mm DP 980. Lap shear testing was used to show the relationship between tool wear and joint strength. The Q70 tool provided the best combination of wear resistance and joint strength.     

运用复合剂制备WC颗粒增强钢基表面复合材料

以ZG310-570为基体、WC颗粒为增强相,在普通水玻璃石英砂干型、无负压条件下,运用自制的复合剂,制备出WC颗粒增强钢基表面复合材料.抗磨料磨损性能是含20%Cr高铬铸铁的3.30倍.硬度可达60HRC以上.铸件表面平整光洁,尺寸精度大为提高.合金层厚度均匀,可达8mm,且与基体之间结合良好.     

Hard turning in continuous and interrupted cut with PCBN and whisker-reinforced cutting tools

PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) is the most widely used material for tools employed in hardened steel turning applications due to its high hardness, wear resistance and thermal stability. However, its high costs severely limit its use. Alumina-based ceramics reinforced with whiskers, an alternative and less expensive material for these tools, has been used successfully in turning interrupted surfaces. The objective of this work is to investigate the conditions under which PCBN and ceramic tools can promote optimal results in the turning of hardened steel with continuous and interrupted surfaces. These tools were used in the radial turning of hardened steel with three types of surfaces: continuous surfaces and surfaces with 4 and 8 interruptions. The results indicated that, in continuous turning, the longest tool life was achieved using PCBN, but similar tool longevity was attained in interrupted turning using both PCBN and ceramic. In terms of roughness, the PCBN tools showed better results for continuous and interrupted surfaces.     

低温低压等离子弧辅助离子渗316L不锈钢的耐磨耐蚀性能

目的提高316L不锈钢的硬度、耐磨性。方法在400℃、2 Pa下,利用空心阴极直流弧辅助,进行了316L奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮(PN)、离子氮碳共渗(PNC)及离子氮碳共渗加离子渗氮复合(PNC+PN)处理。针对处理后的样品,用莱卡显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏硬度仪、3D形貌仪、球盘式摩擦磨损仪及电化学工作站等对组织、形貌、物相、机械性能及耐蚀性能进行表征。采用显微硬度计、微纳米综合力学系统测试分析处理后样品的力学性能。结果在空心阴极直流弧辅助下,三种工艺可获得超过3 mm/h的渗层生长速度。同316L不锈钢基体相比,PNC+PN复合处理样品的表面硬度提高3倍以上,在3.5%Na Cl中性电解质中的耐蚀电流密度降低约50%。结论 PNC处理和PNC+PN复合处理可获得更大的渗层厚度和更高的表面硬度,渗层中C、N含量越高,渗层组成相的晶格参数越大,渗层中产生的滑移带密度越大。低温低压等离子弧辅助离子渗不仅能有效提高316L不锈钢的表面硬度,还能提高不锈钢的耐蚀能力。     

AZ31B镁合金盐浴碳氮钒共渗工艺

为提高AZ31B镁合金的表面硬度,改善其摩擦磨损性能及耐蚀性能,采用盐浴碳氮钒共渗工艺在AZ31B镁合金表面形成高硬度碳、氮化合物渗层,并用数字显微硬度计、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线能谱仪、摩擦磨损试验和电化学测试分析渗层表面硬度、截面显微形貌、渗层表面物相组成、耐磨性和耐蚀性等。结果表明,盐浴碳氮钒共渗处理使AZ31B镁合金表面形成主要由VC、VN等高硬度金属化合物组成的渗层,渗层表面硬度最高达到283.1 HV0.05,相比原始试样和碳氮共渗处理试样分别提升280%和62%;相比原始试样,碳氮钒共渗试样的摩擦因数和磨损量分别降低约30%和50%,自腐蚀电位提高60 mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低一个数量级,表明盐浴碳氮钒共渗工艺能够显著提高AZ31B镁合金的表面硬度,提升其摩擦磨损性能及耐蚀性能。     

不同压力对 TC4 钛合金真空脉冲渗氮的影响

目的采用不同压力对TC4钛合金进行真空脉冲渗氮处理,提高其表面硬度及耐磨性。方法通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及耐磨试验机分析渗氮硬化层的组织与性能。结果 TC4钛合金经过真空气体渗氮处理后,形成了由Ti N,Ti2Al N和钛铝金属间化合物Ti3Al组成的复合改性层。渗氮压力太低,表面氮化物数量较少,氮化物层较薄;随渗氮压力的增大,表面氮化物数量增多,表面硬度及耐磨性增加。压力为0.015 MPa时,氮化物层表面硬度最大,表面硬度为1100~1200HV,有效硬化层深度为50~60μm。渗氮压力继续增加,表层组织变得疏松,表面硬度及耐磨性开始降低。结论选择合适的渗氮压力和表面氮浓度进行真空脉冲渗氮,可以提高钛合金表面硬度,改善耐磨性。     

铸铁磨辊表面激光淬火

磨辊是建材、冶金等行业中的重要零件,工作中磨损快,笔者对磨辊表面进行激光束淬火处理,以提高磨辊的表面硬度,增强磨辊的抗磨粒磨损性能,从而教研室到延寿的目的,试验结果表明,激光淬火可使硬度提高到952HV（相当于68HRC）,最大淬硬层厚度为0.41mm,符合技术要求。