我国非连续增强铝基复合材料的研究及应用现状

非连续增强铝基复合材料具有优异的综合性能,在航空航天、汽车、核电等领域具有广泛的应用前景。对我国近年来非连续增强铝基复合材料的基础研究、工程化制备与应用现状进行总结,分析了我国非连续增强铝基复合材料产业在产业链分工、品种规格、应用设计经验、性能数据积累、标准化体系建设方面存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了相应的发展建议。     

铝基复合材料研究进展及其航空航天应用

以铝及其合金作为基体的铝基复合材料不仅继承了铝合金选择范围广、易于加工制备及可热处理等优点,同时利用了不同类型增强体的优势,具有良好的综合力学、物理及化学等性能。高性能的轻质高强铝基复合材料的出现,为满足航空航天领域的应用需求提供了新途径,逐渐替代传统铝合金及其他基体类型的复合材料,在航空航天领域具有广阔的应用前景。基于此,本文介绍了铝基复合材料的基本分类,综述了近年来国内外铝基复合材料制备方法的主要进展,总结分析了铝基复合材料的物理、化学、力学、摩擦等性能,概述了铝基复合材料在航空航天领域的应用情况,最后展望了铝基复合材料的发展及应用,以期对促进铝基复合材料的发展及在航空航天领域的应用有所帮助。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备技术研究进展

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有高比强度、高比刚度、低密度、高耐磨性等优点,可望作为新一代性能优异的结构材料而广泛应用于现代工业生产和国防军事领域。本文综述了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备技术和特点,并就研究过程中存在的问题进行了分析,最后对复合材料的研究进行了展望。     

纤维增强铝基复合材料及其应用

纤维增强铝基复合材料由于具备各种特殊性能或优良的综合性能,越来越受到人们的重视。讨论了纤维增强铝 基复合材料的主要组成部分——作为增强剂的纤维,并列举了若干典型纤维增强铝基复合材料的性能,以及纤维增强铝基 复合材料应用实例。     

Mg_2B_2O_(5W)增强铝基复合材料的研究进展

铝基复合材料因其比强度和比刚度高、耐磨性好、热膨胀系数低、质量轻等优点,已被广泛应用于航空航天、军事、汽车、体育和电子产品等领域。本文讨论了一种廉价硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料的研究概况并提出其在今后的研究方向。近年来,科研人员主要从制备工艺、晶须表面改性以及热处理等方面对提高硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料的综合性能进行了研究并取得了一定成果,硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料未来会有广阔的应用前景。     

汽车铝基复合材料的制备与性能

铝基复合材料具有优异的性能.介绍了铝基复合材料的发展过程、种类及其性能.综述了颗粒、晶须增强材料的制备方法.列举了常用颗粒增强体及晶须增强体的部分特性,指出了铝基复合材料应用潜力及妨碍铝基复合材料广泛应用的主要障碍.     

连续纤维增强铝基复合材料制备技术研究进展

介绍了连续纤维增强金属基复合材料制备技术的发展历史,在对当前主要的连续纤维增强铝基复合材料制备成型工艺分类的基础上,综述了各种制备工艺的基本原理及其优缺点;介绍了制备工艺中的纤维涂层和纤维排布与分散技术对铝基复合材料润湿性、界面结构和材料性能的影响;展望了连续纤维增强铝基复合材料制备工艺的发展方向及工程化需要解决的关键问题。     

微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料的设计与研究进展

传统颗粒增强铝基复合材料主要是通过添加单一的微米或纳米颗粒作为增强相来改善铝基复合材料的性能.微米颗粒能显著提高铝基复合材料强度、硬度和耐磨性,但塑韧性却大幅下降;而纳米颗粒在提高强度的同时能够保持较好的塑韧性,但由于纳米颗粒的比表面能大,易团聚,制备高体积分数的颗粒增强铝基复合材料比较困难,因此传统铝基复合材料在高科技领域的应用受到一定的限制.为了解决复合材料发展的瓶颈,采用微纳米混杂颗粒增强的设计思路,充分发挥各自增强相的优势和耦合效应,制备出了高性能的混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料.本文综述了微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料设计思路、强化机制及制备技术等方面的研究现状,指出微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向及需要解决的问题.     

Csf/Al复合材料管的制备与性能

碳纤维增强铝基复合材料管具有高比强度、高比刚度、低膨胀率等优点，尺寸稳定性好，非常适合作为空间材料使用。采用M40短纤维和LY12铝合金，用挤压浸渗法制备了短碳纤维增强的铝基复合材料，并挤压成具有较高力学性能的复合材料管，讨论了挤压工艺对管材性能的影响。     

铝基复合材料的制备工艺

介绍了连续纤维、晶须（或短纤维）及颗粒作为增强体的铝基复合材料的性能和应用，总结了国内外铝基复合材料的制备工艺。     

Development on Preparation Technology of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels

泡沫铝夹层板是一种综合性能优异的新型功能材料,由具有高孔隙率特性的泡沫铝芯和金属面板组成。由于该材料不仅具有泡沫铝材料所拥有的极低密度,耗能能力好,比强度和比刚度高,隔热隔音性能优越和高阻尼等优异特性,还一定程度上弥补了泡沫铝材料强度低的缺点,致使泡沫铝夹层板材料在诸如要求具有高机械强度和良好散能能力的轻型结构应用等诸多领域受到广泛关注。目前,泡沫铝夹层板材料已经引起广大研究者的高度重视。本文综合论述了泡沫铝夹层板制备技术的研究进展,并对各种制备工艺的优缺点进行了分析。     

泡沫铝材料结构与性能及其应用研究

本文对泡沫铝材料的结构特征、性能和应用现状进行了全面的概述,并介绍了泡沫铝材料的结构敏感因素。泡沫铝材料的性能包括力学性能、声学性能、电学性能、热学性能等。研究分析了泡沫铝材料结构与其性能的相互关系。泡沫铝由于具有独特的结构与优异的性能,使其能够广泛应用到诸多领域,如建筑工业、汽车与交通工业、军事与航天工业、机械制造工业等。最后指出泡沫铝材料制备工艺、结构与性能的研究方向,对泡沫铝的性能研究和应用开发具有重要意义。     

Al-Zn系高强铸造铝合金强韧化研究现状与展望

轻质高强铸造铝合金在航空航天、汽车轻量化等方面展现出独特的优势。对铸造铝合金成形性能和力学性能进一步优化,对拓宽其应用领域意义重大。本文综述了Al-Zn系高强铸造铝合金的研究现状与进展,重点归纳了高强铸造铝合金(微)合金化、晶粒细化、组织纯净化、热处理优化等方面的强化机制及现有研究成果,并对铸造铝合金目前研发中所存在的问题进行探讨,最后对高强铸造铝合金的发展方向进行了展望,对高强铸造铝合金的发展具有一定的实践和理论指导意义。     

The mechanical behavior of GLARE laminates for aircraft structures

GLARE (glass-reinforced aluminum laminate) is a new class of fiber metal laminates for advanced aerospace structural applications. It consists of thin aluminum sheets bonded together with unidirectional or biaxially reinforced adhesive prepreg of high-strength glass fibers. GLARE laminates offer a unique combination of properties such as outstanding fatigue resistance, high specific static properties, excellent impact resistance, good residual and blunt notch strength, flame resistance and corrosion properties, and ease of manufacture and repair. GLARE laminates can be tailored to suit a wide variety of applications by varying the fiber/resin system, the alloy type and thickness, stacking sequence, fiber orientation, surface pretreatment technique, etc. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties of various GLARE laminates under different loading conditions. For more information, contact J.-M. Yang, University of California, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 6532 Boelter Hall, Los Angles, CA 90024; (310) 825-2758; fax (310) 206-7353; e-mail jyang@seas.ucla.edu.     

Evaluating the mechanical properties of commercial DRA

An extensive multilaboratory testing program has been carried out to characterize the properties of commercially available discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites fabricated using powder metallurgy techniques. The results demonstrate that these materials can be evaluated reliably using standard techniques and highlight the consistent properties now available from these emerging materials.     

Porous Architecture of SPS Thick YSZ Coatings Structured at the Nanometer Scale (~50 nm)

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) is a fairly recent technology that is able to process sub-micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized feedstock particles and permits the deposition of coatings thinner (from 20 to 100 μm) than those resulting from conventional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). SPS consists of mechanically injecting within the plasma flow a liquid suspension of particles of average diameter varying between 0.02 and 1 μm. Due to the large volume fraction of the internal interfaces and reduced size of stacking defects, thick nanometer- or sub-micrometer-sized coatings exhibit better properties than conventional micrometer-sized ones (e.g., higher coefficients of thermal expansion, lower thermal diffusivity, higher hardness and toughness, better wear resistance, among other coating characteristics and functional properties). They could hence offer pertinent solutions to numerous emerging applications, particularly for energy production, energy saving, etc. Coatings structured at the nanometer scale exhibit nanometer-sized voids. Depending upon the selection of operating parameters, among which plasma power parameters (operating mode, enthalpy, spray distance, etc.), suspension properties (particle size distribution, powder mass percentage, viscosity, etc.), and substrate characteristics (topology, temperature, etc.), different coating architectures can be manufactured, from dense to porous layers, from connected to non-connected network. Nevertheless, the discrimination of porosity in different classes of criteria such as size, shape, orientation, specific surface area, etc., is essential to describe the coating architecture. Moreover, the primary steps of the coating manufacturing process affect significantly the coating porous architecture. These steps need to be further understood. Different types of imaging experiments were performed to understand, describe and quantify the pore level of thick finely structured ceramics coatings.     

Pre-/During-/Post-Laser Processes to Enhance the Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Thermal-Sprayed Coatings with a Reduced Environmental Impact

Lasers have been used to improve the ultimate performance of thermal spray coatings for specific applications, but the full potential of additional laser treatments must be further explored. Laser treatments (auxiliary processes) can be applied before, during or after thermal spraying (main process), leading to a wide range of coating improvements (microstructure, adhesion, etc.). The aim of this review is to introduce the most significant laser treatments for thermal spray applications. The potential improvements for thermal spray coatings are illustrated by a selection of representative research cases. Laser pretreatments (ablation and texturing) promote coating/substrate adhesion and are suitable to prepare the surface of sensitive substrates such as aluminum, titanium, or magnesium alloys. The use of these techniques, which leads to several benefits such as surfaces free of grit-particle inclusions, directly improves the quality of coatings. Laser treatments applied simultaneously during the spraying process deeply modify the coatings microstructure. These hybrid technologies allow in situ laser melting of coatings, resulting in improved mechanical properties and enhanced wear and corrosion behaviors. Finally, laser posttreatments can improve coatings density and adhesion, and also induce phase transformations and structure refinement. As a summary, laser treatments seem particularly promising for improving the thermal spray coating microstructure and the coating/substrate adhesion. In addition, they offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional surface preparation treatments.     

Surface treatment to improve corrosion resistance of Al plate heat exchangers

The correlations between thermal and physical properties were studied through thermal conductivity measurements, hardness tests, salt spray tests (AASS) among the surface treatment samples named K20, K40 with thickness of 20, 40 μm respectively and raw sample named K00. In thermal conductivity measurements, there are little differences among the samples as K00, K20 and K40, they exhibit 153.39, 150.69 and 149.76 W/(m·K), respectively. According to hardness tests, K00, K20 and K40 exhibit 87.9, 259.7 and 344.8 in Vickers values. In the result of salt spray tests to examine the effects on corrosion resistance, K00, K20 and K40 exhibit the grade of 3–5, 2.0–9.8 and 10, respectively. The mutual relation of the above results was analyzed. It is found that the surface treatments do not affect the thermal conductivity of aluminum and result in the improvement of physical properties. As a result of the technology, the surface improvement of aluminum alloy specimen is achieved without thermal degradation. It validates the ability of the aluminum plate heat exchangers with surface treatment to enhance the corrosion resistance. Present work is performed as the first fundamental threshold in the process of aluminum plate heat exchangers development to check out its possibility, therefore the next step-experimental and numerical study of practical aluminum plate heat exchangers will be made.     

阀金属化合物在高比容铝电解电容器中的研究进展

为了适应近年来电子产品功能化和小型化的发展趋势,铝电解电容器正向着小型化、大容量的方向发展,制备高比容阳极箔的技术是实现这一目标的有效途径之一。本文系统介绍了制备高比容铝电解电容器用阳极箔表面阀金属化合物薄膜的沉积技术,从不同沉积技术制备出薄膜质量的角度,阐述了各种沉积技术在制备铝电解电容器用阳极箔时的优缺点;并分析了通过复合阀金属化合物薄膜的方法来提高阳极箔电性能的研究进展,探讨了高比容铝电解电容器用阳极箔制备技术未来的发展趋势。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备技术及性能研究进展

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有高的比强度、高的比模量、高的耐磨性以及优异的抗腐蚀性能,在机械结构轻量化设计方面是替换传统钢铁的最佳选择材料之一,在汽车、机械、航空及电子封装等领域具有广阔的应用前景。因此,备受各界科研工作者的关注。对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法、性能、强韧化机制进行了归纳总结,分析并探讨了SiC/Al复合材料的制备技术难点及改进方法,最后对SiC/Al复合材料的研究及应用进行了总结与展望。