Effects of Process Parameters of Semisolid Stirring on Microstructure of Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3SiC(wt%) Strip Processed by Rheo-rolling

A novel semisolid stirring and rheo-rolling process for preparing Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3Si C(wt%) composite strips was proposed, and the effects of process parameters of semisolid stirring on microstructures of Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3Si C(wt%)composite strips were investigated. The average grain size and roundness decrease, and the distribution of Si C becomes more homogeneous with the decrease in stirring temperature and the increase in the stirring speed. When the stirring time is increased, the distribution of Si C particles tends to be homogeneous, and the average grain diameter and roundness of aMg grain decrease. Under the following process parameters: the stirring temperature at 640 °C, the stirring speed at1100 rpm, the stirring time at 30 min and the roll speed at 0.2 m/s, Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3Si C(wt%) strip with a cross-sectional size of 4 mm 9 160 mm was prepared. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Sn–1Mn–3Si C(wt%)composite strip reached 226 ± 6 MPa and(7.4 ± 0.2)%, which are obviously improved in comparison with Mg–3Sn–1Mn(wt%).     

Effects of Cooling Rate and Component on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Zn–Y Alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y(wt%) alloys under different cooling rates were investigated. The results show that the second dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y is reduced by 32 and 30% with increasing cooling rates(Rc) from 10.2 to 23 K/s, which can be predicted using a empirical model of SDAS=68 R 0:45:45cand SDAS=73 R 0c, respectively. The compressive strength of both alloys increases with increasing the cooling rate, which is attributed to the increase of volume fraction(Vf) of secondary phases under high cooling rate. The interaction of the cooling rate and component with SDAS has been theoretically analyzed using interdependence theory.     

Modeling of the Prediction of Densification Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Al–Cu–Mg/B_4C Composites Using Artificial Neural Networks

Al–Cu–Mg/B4 Cp metal matrix composites with reinforcement of up to 20 wt% were produced using the powder metallurgy technique. The effects of reinforcement ratio, reinforcement size, milling time, and compact pressure on the density and porosity of the composites reinforced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt% B4 C particles were studied. Moreover, an artificial neural network model has been developed for the prediction of the effects of the manufacturing parameters on the density and porosity of powder metallurgy Al–Cu–Mg/B4 Cp composites. This model can be used for predicting the densification behavior of Al–Cu–Mg/B4 Cp composites produced under reinforcement of different sizes and amounts with various milling times and compact pressures. The mean absolute percentage error for the predicted values did not exceed1.6%.     

Enhanced mechanical properties in Al/diamond composites by Si addition

Diamond particles reinforced aluminum–silicon matrix composites,abbreviated as Al(Si)/diamond composites,were fabricated by squeeze casting.The effect of Si content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The mechanical properties are found to increase monotonically with Si content increasing up to 7.0 wt%.The Al-7.0 wt% Si/diamond composite exhibits tensile strength of 78 MPa,bending strength of 230 MPa,and compressive strength of426 MPa.Al–Si eutectic phases are shown to connect with Al matrix and diamond particles tightly,which is responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties in the Al(Si)/diamond composites.     

Mechanical properties and energy absorption of extruded Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr alloy with Y addition

The effects of the rare earth element Y addition on mechanical properties and energy absorption of a low Zn content Mg–Zn–Zr system alloy and the deformation temperature of optimized alloy were investigated by room tensile test, optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The results show that,after homogenization at 420 °C for 12 h for the as-cast alloys, Mg Zn phase forms, which decreases the strength of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr alloy with Y content of 0.9 wt%. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy with a Y addition of 5.8 wt% reach the max value(281 ± 2) MPa and(30.1 ± 0.7) %, respectively; the strength and elongation of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–0.9Y alloy at the optimized extrusion temperature of 330 °C reach(321 ± 1) MPa and(21.9 ± 0.7) %, respectively. The energy absorption increases with the increase of Y content, the max value reached 0.79 MJ m-3with Y content of 5.8 wt%, and the energy absorption of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–0.9Y alloy at the optimized extrusion temperature of 330 °C reaches0.75 MJ m-3.     

Influence of Zn Content on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Mg–Zn–Y–Nd Alloy

In the present study, the effect of Zn content on the microstructure and deformation behavior of the as-cast Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy has been investigated. The results showed that as Zn content increased, the volume fraction of secondary phases increased. Moreover, the phase transformation from W-phase to W-phase and I-phase occurred. In the as-cast state,W-phase exists as eutectic and large block form. When Zn content increases to 6 and 8%(wt%), small I-phase could precipitate around W-phase particles. Additionally, the effect of Zn content on the tensile properties and deformation behavior varies with the testing temperature. At room temperature, the tensile strength increases with Zn content, whereas the elongation increases initially and then decreases. At 250 °C, as Zn content increases, the tensile strength decreases initially and then increases slightly, whereas the elongation decreases. At 350 °C, the elongation increases with Zn content,whereas the tensile strength decreases initially and then increases slightly.     

Enhancement of the Pore Interconnectivity and Porosity of Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds by Acid-Etching Method

Porous hydroxyapatite(HA)–tricalcium phosphate(TCP) ceramic scaffolds were prepared using a screw-type extrusion method with polymer beads. HA and dicalcium phosphate dehydrates(DCPD) were added at various ratios to obtain different HA/TCP ratios in sintered ceramic scaffolds. To further enhance the pore interconnectivity and porosity,the developed porous ceramic scaffolds were etched with acid solutions. The maximum porosity(~85%) was observed in the Ca-P scaffold with the lowest HA(~7%) content. On the other hand, the maximum compressive strength was noted in the scaffolds with the highest HA content(~85%). X-ray diffraction showed that the extent of the b-TCP to a-TCP phase transformation increased with decreasing HA/DCPD ratio. All HCl-etched scaffolds were observed to generate micropores,which improved the interconnectivity, while biomineralization was found to be the same for both the HCl-etched and nonetched scaffolds. In particular, hydrochloric acid etching is a promising method for improving the interconnectivity and porosity of the ceramic scaffolds.     

Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Mg–Zn–Zr Alloy by Ce Addition

The effects of Ce addition on microstructure and electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding response of Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr(ZK60) alloy have been investigated.Ce addition resulted in grain refinement and higher density of Mg–Zn–Ce and Mg Zn2 intermetallic particles in the alloy.In particular,this was substantially remarkable as the addition of Ce was up to 1.0 wt%.It is interesting to note that as-extruded ZK60 alloy with 1.0 wt% Ce addition exhibited an EMI shielding effectiveness(SE) exceeding 70 d B at the frequency range of 30–1,500 MHz,which was significantly higher than that of ZK60 alloy without Ce addition and reached the requirement of high protection.The superior SE was probably related to the increased reflection and multiple reflection of electromagnetic radiation induced by Ce addition.Direct artificial aging at 150 °C for 25 or 50 h led to a further increase of 7–10 d B in the SE of the alloy with 1.0 wt% Ce addition.The advantages of excellent shielding capacity and favorable mechanical strength make the Mg–Zn–Zr–Ce alloy an attractive shielding candidate material for a variety of technological applications.     

HA/Ti composite for biomedical application by mechanical milling

In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of HA and the low bioactivity of Ti,HA/Ti composites with various compositions were prepared by mechanical milling.The effects of milling condition and the composition on the microstructure,the density and the hardness of the composites were studied.The results show that during the ball milling process.Ti particles are refined and the homogeneity of the HA/Ti mixtures is improved;HA will partially decompose due to the existence of Ti and high sintering temperature.The microstructure of HA/Ti composites is highly dependent on the milling condition and the composition.In the microstructure.Ti phase connects to be a continuous network,and HA/Ti mixtures disperse in the network.The longer the milling time,the finer the network will be.The density of HA/T composites decreases with the content of HA increasing and the milling time prolonging,because HA deteriorates the sinterability of Ti.The hardness of HA/Ti composites increases firstly with the content of HA increasing,and then drops when the content of HA exceeds 30%.Addition of HA will strengthen the HA/T composite but will decrease the density of the composite,which accounts for the effect of HA on the hardness of the composites.     

Preparation of Biodegradable Mg/β-TCP Biofunctional Gradient Materials by Friction Stir Processing and Pulse Reverse Current Electrodeposition

Mg alloys, as a new generation of biodegradable bone implant materials, are facing two tremendous challenges of enhancing strength and reducing degradation rate in physiological environment to meet clinical needs. In this study, tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) particles were dispersed in Mg–2 Zn–0.46 Y–0.5 Nd alloy by friction stir processing(FSP) to produce Mg-based functional gradient materials(Mg/β-TCP FGM). On the surface of Mg/β-TCP FGM, the hydroxyapatite(HA) coating was prepared by electrodeposition. The effects of FSP and electrochemical parameter on the microstructure, microhardness, bonding strength and corrosion performance of the Mg/β-TCP FGM were investigated. After four passes of FSP, a uniform and fine-grained structure was formed in Mg/β-TCP and the microhardness increased from 47.9 to 76.3 HV. Compared to the samples without β-TCP, the bonding strength of the Mg/β-TCP FGM increased from 23.1 ± 0.462 to 26.3 ± 0.526 MPa and the addition of degradable β-TCP contributed to the in situ growth of HA coating. The thickness of HA coating could be dominated by controlling the parameters of electrodeposition. According to the results of immersion tests and electrochemical tests in simulated body fluid, it indicated that the degradation rate of the Mg/β-TCP FGM could be adjusted.     

Effect of hydroxyapatite content on the microstructure,thermal and mechanical properties of Ti-based glassy alloy/hydroxyapatite composite prepared by spark plasma sintering

In the present paper, the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) content on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of Ti-based glassy alloy/HA composite prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are investigated. The microstructure of the composites is homogeneous when the HA is lower than 2 wt%. When the HA content is higher than 3 wt%, the crystalline precipitates with size of less than 5 nm are distributed in the glassy matrix. HA decomposes during sintering procedure for the composite with high HA content. With increasing HA addition, compressive strength decreases. Especially for the HA content is over 2 wt%, the strength decreases sharply because of partial crystallization of glassy alloy matrix.     

Synthesis of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy by mechanical alloying: Statistical prediction of elastic modulus and mass loss using fractional factorial design

Biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying where a statistical model was developed using fractional factorial design to predict elastic modulus and mass loss of the bulk alloy. The effects of mechanical alloying parameters (i.e., milling time, milling speed, ball-to-powder mass ratio and Zn content) and their interactions were investigated involving 4 numerical factors with 2 replicates, thus 16 runs of two-level fractional factorial design. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analysis and R² test indicated good accuracy of the model. The statistical model determined that the elastic modulus of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy was between 40.18 and 47.88 GPa, which was improved and resembled that of natural bone (30–57 GPa). Corrosion resistance (mass loss of pure Mg, 33.74 mg) was enhanced with addition of 3%–10% Zn (between 9.32 and 15.38 mg). The most significant independent variable was Zn content, and only the interaction of milling time and ball-to-powder mass ratio was significant as P-value was less than 0.05. Interestingly, mechanical properties (represented by elastic modulus) and corrosion resistance (represented by mass loss) of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy can be statistically predicted according to the developed models.     

退火温度对HA/Ti-24Nb-4Zr复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了HA/Ti-24Nb-4Zr生物复合材料,研究了不同退火温度对复合材料显微组织和力学性能(抗压强度、屈服强度、屈强比、压缩弹性模量)的影响。结果表明,烧结态复合材料主要由β-Ti相、少量初生α-Ti相及HA相组成;随着退火温度的升高,复合材料基体中β-Ti相含量增多且晶粒逐渐长大,针状次生α-Ti相在晶界处和晶内不断析出,HA相结构和含量变化不大;与烧结态相比,不同退火温度处理后的复合材料强度和弹性模量先略微上升后下降,而塑韧性呈不断提高趋势;复合材料在850 ℃退火处理后,抗压强度、屈服强度、屈强比和压缩弹性模量值分别为1507 MPa、1270 MPa、0.84和42 GPa,塑韧性得到明显改善,作为生物医用植入材料具有潜在的应用前景。     

机械合金化制备纳米ZrB2-TiB2复合粉末

本文采用Zr、Ti、B为原料（摩尔比：1:1:4）,在氩气气氛保护下,采用机械合金化方式,在球料比10:1、球磨转速500 rpm实验条件下制备了纳米结构的ZrB2-TiB2。文章采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）,透射电镜（TEM）仪器,对不同球磨时间粉末的相组成、微观结构进行了表征。结果发现,原始粉末经120小时球磨后,粉末主要由ZrB2和TiB2组成,平均尺寸再20纳米左右,TiB2 分布于ZrB2基体上。文章还探讨了该体系获得目标产物的机械合金化机制。     

放电等离子烧结法制备石墨烯-铜铬锆合金的组织与性能

采用低能球磨和放电等离子烧结法制备了石墨烯(GNPs)增强铜基复合材料.研究了石墨烯含量对复合材料微观结构和性能的影响.结果 表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.其中,当石墨烯含量为0.25％(质量分数)时,复合材料的极限抗压强度为409 MPa,合金的导电率高达90％ IACS.石...     

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite composite coating by laser cladding

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite (CNTs/HA) composite coatings have been fabricated by laser cladding technique using CNTs/HA composite powders. As the feedstock for laser deposition, CNTs/HA composite powders were prepared by ball-milling different weight ratios (1%, 3% and 5%) of CNTs with HA powders. CNTs/HA composite coatings were fabricated with CNTs/HA composite powders and functionally graded coating was fabricated by sequentially depositing different CNTs/HA composite coatings on pure titanium. The phase composition, microstructure, micro-hardness, bonding strength and in vitro cellular responses of the composite coatings and the functionally graded composite coating were studied. The results show that the crystallinity of CNTs/HA composite coatings increased with increasing amount of CNTs in the powder mixture. The CNTs were dispersed homogeneously in the coatings to form an interconnected web and the cylinder graphic structure of CNTs was not changed after laser irradiation. Compared with pure HA coating, the maximum increase of the micro-hardness of CNTs/HA composite coatings was 46.8% and the micro-hardness of the functionally graded coating increased gradually through the thickness of this coating. Furthermore, the bonding strength of the functionally graded coating was nearly twice higher than that of pure HA coating. The in vitro cellular biocompatibility tests reveal that the functionally graded composite coating has comparable in vitro bioactivity with pure HA coating.     

金刚石/氧化铈复合磨料的制备及性能测定

为提高金刚石树脂磨具的使用寿命和工作效率,采用真空法制备金刚石/氧化铈复合磨料。通过亲水性测定仪、单颗粒抗压测定仪、万能材料试验机、立式万能摩擦磨损试验机等设备对材料性能进行测试,并利用X射线衍射仪对其进行表征。实验结果表明:镀覆后,金刚石/氧化铈亲水性大大提高;当氧化铈质量分数为15%时,其亲水性和单颗粒抗压强度最大;当氧化铈质量分数为5%时,所制得的树脂磨具具有最大的抗折强度;当氧化铈质量分数为10%时,所制得的树脂磨具具有最大的磨削比。综合考虑,当氧化铈质量分数为10%时,利用金刚石/氧化铈复合磨料制备的树脂磨具具有较好的综合性能。     

放电等离子烧结制备生物Mg-Zn合金的组织及性能

以Mg粉和Zn粉为原料,采用高能球磨混粉和放电等离子烧结(SPS)的方法制备了Zn含量为0%,2%,4%,6%,8%(质量分数)的生物Mg-Zn合金,对其显微组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:制备的Mg-Zn合金内部结构致密,组织分布均匀;显微硬度(HV)和抗压强度随Zn含量的增加而增加,当Zn含量为6%时达到最大值(690和379.5 MPa);模拟体液中的电化学腐蚀电位随Zn含量的增加而升高,腐蚀电流密度则降低,在6%时分别达到最大值和最小值。浸泡试验中,Zn含量为6%合金表现出最好的耐腐蚀性能,随Zn含量的增加,腐蚀形式由严重的点蚀和颗粒剥落转变为轻微的点蚀和颗粒内均匀的晶内腐蚀。     

生物可降解梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料,研究了造孔剂分布、烧结温度、HA含量对梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料的孔隙度和力学性能的影响。观察了梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料的显微组织及腐蚀后的微观形貌,测量了梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料的物相组成和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着造孔剂和HA含量增加,烧结产物的孔隙度增加,抗压强度减少。提高造孔剂含量,梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料的耐腐蚀性能明显降低;提高HA含量,该复合物的耐腐蚀性能比梯度多孔Fe-3Ag略有增加,但是其腐蚀速率明显高于梯度多孔纯Fe试样。在模拟人工体液中浸泡3天后,梯度多孔Fe-3Ag/HA复合材料比梯度多孔Fe-3Ag合金表面沉积了更多的HA,这表明HA相有诱导模拟人工体液中Ca和P离子沉积的能力,与Fe基合金相比该复合材料具有更好的生物相容性。