朝圣可可托海

正可可托海的春天,雪山雄壮,春花娇媚;可可托海的夏天,天高气爽,清凉怡人;可可托海的秋天,桦林婆娑,苍松挺立;可可托海的冬天,银装素裹,原驰蜡象。这一切,对于不了解可可托海历史的游客来说,仅仅是一幅美景,然而,对于从这里走出去的新疆有色人来说,可可托海是故土,是摇篮,是血浓于水的精神圣地。这里的每一寸土地都浸     

崔钢:防腐蚀标委会是防腐蚀行业规范发展的机遇

抓住契机,完善防腐蚀标准化体系 防腐蚀技术的不断创新,一方面体现了科学技术发展,推动了防腐蚀行业的进步,另一方面,也需要及时制定相关防腐蚀标准,使这些技术以标准的形式固定下来,促进广泛的应用,标准作为科学技术的总结,是生产经营的法则或准则,是行业进行市场竞争和保护自身利益的重要手段,是提升行业整体水平的重要保障,对企业而言,标准是企业竞争力强的标志,对行业而言,标准是行业的技术支撑和技术基础,对社会而言,制定有效的标准可以合理有效的利用资源、保护环境和人身生命财产安全,我们应该通过原始创新、集成创新,引进消化吸收再创新等模式,尽快把这些科学技术吸收到标准里去,制定具有国际水平,具有中国特色的标准,以提高防腐蚀行业在国际市场中的竞争力,将防腐蚀行业做大做强,因此讲,创立一套行之有效的,有竞争力的标准体系,是当务之急.     

耐热铸铁

凡在温度较高或高温下工作的铸铁件,例如钢锭模,热轧金属所用的轧辊,蒸汽锅炉,热风炉,马弗炉等的另件,熔化金属所用的铁坩埚,浇铸用的金属型,热处理所用的渗碳箱,退火箱,内燃机的气缸盖,废气管等,因为铸铁生长和氧化易于损坏.为延长上述各种机件的     

特集序

星横斗转,沧桑更迭,弹指之间,倏忽十载。回首往事,岁月峥嵘,物我两非,感慨万千! 众多的园丁——读者、译者、编者、同行、师友……,年复一年,日复一日,劳作不息,耕耘不辍,浇的是汗水,灌的是心血,使刊物经受了磨砺,没有凋零,没有夭折,反而葱茏挺拔,卓然而立,正所谓“艰难玉成”。所有的园丁,对自己的劳动成果,怀着同样喜悦的心情,庆祝它十周岁生日。主管部门     

金属模具的超零下温度处理

引言现在的金属模具,其刃口不仅形状复杂,而且,必须保持锋利,因此,在脆的状态下,产生早期破断的事故多;另外,为了提高金属模具的淬火硬度,一般采取提高淬火温度的方法,这样使钢的晶粒粗大,残余奥氏体量增加,因此,韧性降低,且引起变形的危险性也大。作为其对策,采用真空淬火法,实行高精度的温度控制,并采用超冷处理,使耐磨性提高,能防止时效变化(尺寸变化)及早期破断事故的出现,尤其是对于低温回火的金属模具效果更佳。     

微量元素在液态Sn表面膜和体相中的分布及其对表面性质的影响

用撇取氧化膜的方法配合XPS和X射线衍射研究了P、As,Ga,Ge,In,Al,Mg,Zn,Cu,Ag,Cd,Tl,Pb,Sb,Bi等15个微量元素(浓度0.005at.-％)在液态Sn表面膜和体相中的分布。其中Ga,P,Ge,Mg,Zn,Al,In,As在表面膜中有很大的富集。富集的程度与微量元素氧化物的生成热有关。XPS研究结果表明,只有Ga,Ge,As,Al,Zn在最表层2—3nm内富集。富集的结果改变了氧化膜的组成和结构。微量元素以氧化物的形式同SnO组成复杂的含氧酸盐而构成氧化膜,并因此使氧化膜变得更稳定和致密,起了保护液态Sn免于氧化的作用。     

DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENT BETWEEN SURFACE AND BULK OF MOLTEN Sn AND ITS EFFECT ON SURFACE PROPERTIES

用撇取氧化膜的方法配合XPS和X射线衍射研究了P、As,Ga,Ge,In,Al,Mg,Zn,Cu,Ag,Cd,Tl,Pb,Sb,Bi等15个微量元素(浓度0.005at.-％)在液态Sn表面膜和体相中的分布。其中Ga,P,Ge,Mg,Zn,Al,In,As在表面膜中有很大的富集。富集的程度与微量元素氧化物的生成热有关。XPS研究结果表明,只有Ga,Ge,As,Al,Zn在最表层2—3nm内富集。富集的结果改变了氧化膜的组成和结构。微量元素以氧化物的形式同SnO组成复杂的含氧酸盐而构成氧化膜,并因此使氧化膜变得更稳定和致密,起了保护液态Sn免于氧化的作用。     

半自动碳弧气刨小車

林付统帅指出:“现在我们伟大的祖国,正在出现一个工农兵掌握马克思列宁主义,毛泽东思想的新时代。毛泽东思想为广大群众所掌握,就会变成无穷无尽的力量,变成威力无比的精神原子弹”通过这次史无前例的无产阶级文化大革命,毛泽东思想更加深入人心,家喻户晓,达到了空前未有的广泛普及,广大工农兵意气风发,斗志昂揚。正如我们伟大的导师毛主席所说:“人们的社会存在,决定人们的思想,而代表先进阶级的正确思想,一旦被群众掌握,就会变成改造社会,改造世界的物质力量。”我们江南造船厂的革命工人,在最高红司命毛主席:“抓革命,促生产,促工作,促战备。”的战斗号令指引下,试制成功半自动碳弧气刨小车,又一次雄辯地证明了上述这一伟大真理。     

RE（Ni,Co,Mn,Ti）5合金（RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd）的单胞体积对电化学性能的影响

制备了La(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)5,Ce(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)5,Pr(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)5和（Nd(Ni,CO,Mn,Ti)5四种单一稀土贮氢电极合金,分别测定了它们的单胞体积,氢化物生成焓和几个主要的电化学性能（包括活化循环次数,最大放电容量,高倍率放电率和容量衰退速率）,以及析不同稀土地合金电化学性能的影响,结果表明,在四种合金中,单胞体积对合金的热力学性质和电化学性能起了决定性作用,它与合金的氢化物生成焓呈简单的线性关系,对电化学性能有双重影响,使四个主要指标随单胞体积的变化均出现极大极值,单胞体积本身的变化与稀土元素的周期有关。     

读者之声

上海有色金属集团有限公司 李一心 《有色金属工业》杂志期期放在我的案头,不仅仅因为我是它的特约撰稿人,工作中的心得可借杂志一角与同行交流;也不仅仅因为它那精美的装帧,精致的插页,精到的印刷,捧在手中赏心悦目,看在眼里是一种享受,关键得益于它的指导性、信息性和可读性。 指导性,《有色金属工业》杂志作为中国有色金属工业协会的机关刊物,常有权威人士站在国内外有色行业全局的高度,撰写综述、专题文章。相关政策,市场引导,层次较高,方位较全,引导着行业发展的方向,指导着有色企业的经营管理。 信息性,有色金属门类繁多,有色企业星罗棋布,天各一方,杂志丰富的信息量,弥补了基层工作者独居一隅的欠缺。国际动态,相关行业,政策要闻,协会信息,拓展着我们的视野,帮助我们较省力地了解行业发展的脉搏和相关企业的动态。     

A cellular operator model for the simulation of static recrystallization

This paper introduces an advanced recrystallization model, based on the principles of cellular automata. The model employs a scalable subgrid technique for efficient tracking of local variations during recrystallization and provides excellent statistics of grain size and texture after recrystallization. Grain boundary nucleation, transition band nucleation and particle-stimulated nucleation were incorporated in the model. This model can interface with other microstructural models, such as a deformation texture model, a dislocation density based flow stress model and a precipitation model. The sensitivity of the model with respect to minute changes of microstructure and microchemistry was tested. Finally, a through-process exercise was conducted to assess the performance of the model in multi-step simulations.     

Analysis of bearing configuration effects on high speed spindles using an integrated dynamic thermo-mechanical spindle model

This work presents the effects of bearing configuration on the thermo-dynamic behavior of high speed spindles using the comprehensive dynamic thermo-mechanical model. The dynamic thermo-mechanical model consists of a comprehensive bearing dynamic model, a shaft dynamic model and a thermal model. The thermal model is coupled with the spindle dynamic model through bearing heat generation and thermal expansion of the whole system based on the bearing configuration. Thus the entire model becomes a comprehensive dynamic thermo-mechanical model. The new thermo-mechanical model also considers a pertinent mapping between bearing stiffness and shaft stiffness matrices based on bearing configurations, so that more general cases of bearing configurations can be modeled. Based on this model, the effects of bearing orientation on the spindle dynamics are systematically described and experimentally validated. It is shown that bearing orientation has a significant effect on spindle stiffness. Finally, the effects of various bearing configurations on spindle thermal and dynamic behavior are illustrated through numerical analysis with three different spindles.     

Research Progress on Simulation Modeling of Metal Foams

对目前较为常用的6种泡沫金属的计算机仿真模型进行了概述和分析。这6种模型包括：立方胞模型,Gibson-Ashby模型,八面体模型,十四面体模型,Voronoi模型和三维随机球模型。不仅对每一种模型的结构进行了描述,而且对各种仿真模型在应用研究中存在的优缺点进行了综合分析。     

氧化铝烧结法生产的生料浆质量预测模型及应用

针对烧结法氧化铝生产过程中生料浆配料工艺的特点，根据物料平衡的原理建立机理模型，作为生料浆质量预测的主规律模型；针对碱液成分波动大且难以实时检测的问题，对碱液成分含量建立了神经网络预测模型，并和机理模型进行嵌套集成；利用灰色理论对机理模型的偏差数据进行信息挖掘，建立了GM（1，1）补偿模型，并与机理模型进行并联集成，获得生料浆质量预测模型。验证结果表明，该质量预测模型能获得较理想的生料浆质量预测精度，其应用可使生料浆质量得到显著的提高。     

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of powder flux distribution in coaxial laser cladding

In this research work a numerical model which simulates the powder flux distribution on a coaxial nozzle is presented. CFD fluent code was used to solve the model equations. The geometry of the domain was obtained using a reverse engineering process of a coaxial nozzle. The model required a deep study of the powder size distribution and feed rate because of their importance as input parameters. The simulation for the discrete phase model was carried out using both, the turbulence k–? model and the Euler–Lagrange approximation. During the model validation a technique based on the selective weight measuring on planes perpendicular to the nozzle axis was used. The powder flux model validation results showed coherence between the estimated and measured particle flux values, particularly when the powder stream presents a Gaussian profile. A simple geometrical model was presented as an application example of the flux distribution model to estimate the clad height.     

Modelling the shape and thermal dynamics of Ni superalloy rings during spray forming Part 1: Shape modelling – Droplet deposition,splashing and redeposition

A numerical model has been developed to simulate the dynamic shape evolution of Ni superalloy rings during spray forming. The model comprises: (1) a droplet primary deposition model, simulating droplet primary deposition at a deposition surface; (2) a droplet splashing model, simulating the droplet splashing/scattering behaviour; and (3) a droplet redeposition model, simulating the redeposition of the scattered droplets onto the deposition surface. The model has been validated against experiments of spray forming large diameter IN718 alloy rings, and for the first time, the effects of droplet splashing and redeposition on the dynamic shape evolution of spray forming IN718 alloy rings and the deposition yields have been investigated and quantified. The model serves as the basis for a thermal dynamic model that is described in Part 2 of this publication.     

药物动力学定域模型的建立和应用

目的 建立药物动力学定域模型并初步应用。方法 在房室模型基础上推导药物动力学定域模型,并由此得到药物动力学方程和若干重要参数。结果 该模型能正确描述药物在各种脏器和组织中的动力学行为,从而变房室模型的含混解释为本模型的直观解释。根据所推导的公式编制了计算机程序,计算结果表明,该模型理想地解释了实验结果。     

液压发动机悬置减震器的建模与模拟(英文)

Hydraulic engine mounts are widely used in automotive powertrains for vibration isolation.A lumped mechanical parameter model is a traditional approach to model and simulate such mounts. This paper presents a dynamical model of a passive hydraulic engine mount with a double-chamber,an inertia track,a decoupler,and a plunger.The model is developed based on analogy between electrical systems and mechanical-hydraulic systems.The model is established to capture both low and high frequency dynamic behaviors of the hydraulic mount.The model will be further used to find the approximate pulse responses of the mounts in terms of the force transmission and top chamber pressure.The close form solution from the simplified linear model may provide some insight into the highly nonlinear behavior of the mounts.Based on the model,computer simulation has been carried out to study dynamic performance of the hydraulic mount.     

Three-dimensional characteristics analysis of the wire-tool vibration considering spatial temperature field and electromagnetic field in WEDM

In this paper, a three-dimensional multi-physics coupling model (thermal model, electromagnetic field model and structural model) is proposed for analyzing and controlling the vibration of wire electrode in cutting thin plate process. Firstly, a three-dimensional thermal model is developed to evaluate temperature distribution of wire electrode considering heat convection and heat conduction, and the numerical solutions of wire temperature increment are performed under different process parameters. Secondly, the mechanism of electromagnetic force acting on wire tool is clarified in detail, and a spacial finite element method (FEM) program is designed to analyze the electromagnetic field considering electromagnetic induction. Then, combining thermal model with electromagnetic field model, and conventional structural model, a multi-physics coupling model is established to acquire the frequency and amplitude of wire vibration under random multiple-spark discharges. Furthermore, the simulational results of multi-physics coupling model on wire vibration show a good agreement with experimental data, and the influencing rules of processing parameters on wire vibration are also illustrated to seek the best parameter combination. Eventually, three practical methods are presented to restrain wire vibration performance, and the significant effects on suppressing the wire vibration and improving geometric accuracy have been obtained.     

水电厂气象水文综合预报调度模型的建立与应用

水电厂气象水文综合预报调度模型整合了降雨预报方案、中长期水文预报方案、洪水预报方案、水库优化调度方案等现有模型系统。降雨数值预报接入水库预报调度系统后,延长了来水预报预见期,结合文中研究的优化调度模型,使水电厂能够提前调整发电计划、调度方案,增加了水电厂的发电效益和水库的防洪减灾社会效益。