湖北枣阳九连墩战国楚墓青铜器铅锡焊料的腐蚀机理探讨

用能谱、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱和金相等分析手段,研究了九连墩楚墓出土的战国青铜文物的铅锡焊料的基体和锈蚀产物、发现产物致密、均匀,主要由PbCO3、Pb和SnO2组成,整个埋藏环境相对密闭,总体呈中性,HCO3-浓度较高。这些因素共同作用,减缓了铅锡焊料的腐蚀,使用大部分青铜器完好地保存了下来。     

Bi2O3/B2O3质量比对Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO系低熔点玻璃结构及性能的影响

采用熔融法制备了用于真空玻璃封接用的铋系低熔点非晶基础玻璃焊料,利用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱和X射线光电子能谱对所得玻璃焊料进行了结构分析,采用浸泡腐蚀的方法对焊料的耐酸性进行了测试,使用热膨胀仪和综合热分析仪对其热学性能进行了测试,采用扫描电镜对焊料烧结后的表面形貌进行了观察,测试了焊料对母材的润湿性,研究了Bi2O...     

电子组装用无铅焊料发展现状

在电子组装早期用得最多的焊料主要是锡和铅两种元素,尤其是质量百分比为w(Sn)63%和w(Pb)37%的共晶铅锡合金为多数电子产品所采用.大量使用的Sn/Pb合金焊料正是造成污染的重要来源之一.在制造和使用Sn/Pb焊料的过程中,由于熔化温度较高,有大量的铅蒸气逸出,将严重影响操作人员的身体健康.同时焊接互联的常见热疲劳失效与富铅相有关,期望在设计锡基无铅焊料中不含有铅相,从而改善力学性能,强化焊料.介绍了无铅焊料的基本要求、无铅焊料的研究现状、无铅焊料面临的问题:指出无铅焊料及焊接可靠性仍是工业界和学术界研究的热点问题.     

蒙特利尔AIM焊料公司在中国扩大产能

蒙特利尔AIM焊料公司最近扩建了在中国深圳的制造厂，该厂生产铟产品、铅锡和无铅焊膏、焊棒和液态焊剂。据说新建的制造厂包括办公室、仓库和宿舍等设施。除了生产焊料之外，AIM还是一个铟特殊合金供应商，铟合金主要用于平板显示器。     

用Ti/Ag粉坯连接的SiC陶瓷界面

以Ti、Ag金属粉末压坯做焊料,采用热压反应烧结连接工艺连接再结晶SiC陶瓷.当焊接温度为1030℃,接头抗弯强度最高达116.8 MPa,为母材强度的73.4%.显微分析表明:在焊料产物层与SiC陶瓷母材之间形成一个反应层,焊接温度的变化对反应层的厚度有明显影响;反应层主要由TiC、Ti5Si3和Ti3SiC2组成,且Ti3SiC2紧邻母材SiC,而TiC则靠近焊料产物层一侧.SEM分析表明:焊料产物层为黑白相间的复相区,白色相主要是AgTi,黑色相主要由Ti和AgTi3组成.     

无铅焊料在NaCl-Na_2SO_4-Na_2CO_3模拟土壤溶液中的腐蚀浸出行为

研究了Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu和Sn-0.75Cu焊料合金在NaCl-Na_2SO_4-Na_2CO_3模拟土壤溶液中的腐蚀浸出行为,并与Sn-37Pb焊料合金的腐蚀浸出行为对比分析。研究表明,这3种焊料合金中Sn的浸出量随时间的延长趋于平缓,且Sn-0.75Cu焊料合金中Sn的浸出量最高,添加Ag元素后明显抑制了Sn-3·5Ag-0·75Cu焊料合金中Sn的浸出;Ag,Cu,Pb的浸出量随时间的延长呈线性增加,且Ag,Cu的浸出量较少。3种焊料合金浸出后表面产物层较厚,主要由Sn_4(OH)_6Cl_2和SnO组成,其中Sn-0.75Cu焊料合金的表面产物层有裂纹和孔洞,Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu焊料合金的表面产物相对致密,而Sn-37Pb焊料合金的表面产物局部出现剥落现象。这3种焊料合金浸出动力学行为存在差异,主要与表面产物的相组成和形貌有关。     

碳纳米管铅锡复合减摩镀层的内应力研究

采用复合电沉积方法在紫铜片上制备碳纳米管铅锡合金复合减摩镀层;用阴极弯曲法研究了电流密度和镀液温度对碳纳米管铅锡复合镀层内应力的影响;在不同碳纳米管浓度的镀液中制备了复合镀层的试样,用X射线衍射法测定了各复合镀层的内应力.结果表明,碳纳米管铅锡合金复合镀层的内应力随电流密度的增加而升高,但随镀液温度的升高而降低.保证电流密度和镀液温度不变,碳纳米管的含量为2g/L,复合镀层的内应力降至最低;碳纳米管在镀层中的弥散分布起到了应力传递作用,减少了应力集中而产生的微裂纹.     

Sn-X-Cu-Ni无铅焊料的显微组织和性能研究

为了获得低成本和性能良好的无铅焊料,本文对Sn-X-Cu-Ni焊料的微观组织及物相成分、熔点、润湿性和抗拉强度进行了分析研究.结果表明,Sn-X-Cu-Ni焊料中主要由β Sn、XSn化合物和Cu6Sn5化合物组成,Sn-X-Cu-Ni焊料合金的熔点随X含量增加而增高;当X的含量为4.5％时,焊料的铺展性最好,抗拉强度也最大.     

阴离子对P110钢表面富铁相硫化亚铁腐蚀产物膜保护性的影响

通过Mott-Schottky法和失重法,研究了两种阴离子溶液(Na2 SO4和NaHCO3)对P110钢表面富铁相硫化亚铁(FeS1-x)腐蚀产物膜保护性的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其保护性的变化进行了解释.结果表明:经过Na2 SO4溶液浸泡的腐蚀产物膜更容易...     

3Fe/Al混合粉末的高能球磨及环境介质的相互作用

利用Fritsch Pulversitte 5型行星式球磨机、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和X射线衍射仪研究了3Fe/Al元素混合粉末的机械球磨过程以及球磨过程中混合粉末与环境介质的相互作用.研究证实,球磨过程中存在颗粒断裂、冷焊机制,球磨20h产物为α-Fe(Al)固溶体,其表面生成一层由Fe2O3和Al2O3组成的氧化膜.     

加硼铝青铜的组织和性能

系统地研究了硼对Ｃｕ－Ａｌ合金的组织、力学性能、腐蚀和腐蚀磨损等性能的影响。实验结果表明，硼能细化Ｃｕ－Ａｌ合金的组织，提高强度和硬度，但塑性略有下降，抗选择性腐蚀和耐腐蚀磨损性能得到明显改善，对硼提高铝青铜的耐机理作了分析。     

Ni-Cr合金钎料激光钎焊金刚石磨粒界面显微结构及形成机理

本文采用Ni-Cr合金钎料,在Ar气保护条件下,对金刚石磨粒进行了激光钎焊试验研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析金刚石磨粒与Ni-Cr钎料结合界面的组织结构与物相组成,并研究了钎料与金刚石界面处碳化物的形成机理。测试结果表明,激光钎焊过程中在金刚石表面附近形成的富Cr层与金刚石表面的C元素反应生成碳化物Cr3C2,通过反应热力学与动力学分析显示界面反应产物可以依靠置换反应形成,使金刚石磨粒与钎料实现了牢固结合。     

Characterization of corroded bronze Ding from the Yin Ruins of China

This paper presents the result of scientific examinations carried out on the soil-buried archaeological bronzes Ding from Yin Ruins of China. Eight of typical fragments from different bronze Ding were selected as researched samples according to their deterioration characteristics. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to understand the corrosive morphological characteristics, to clear the nature of patina and to analyze the elementary composition of bronze Ding. The results indicated that it is not possible to distinguish the original lustrous metallic surface in most samples because of the corrosive crust. The substrate of bronze Ding contains74-86% Cu, 1.1-4.6% Pb, and 10-18% Sn, which is in agreement with the historical investigation in the ritual vessels of Shang time. Copper-containing compounds were the main constituents of natural patina: Cu₂(OH)₃Cl existed as corrosion product in all the powdery or crack surface; Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃ was the main corrosive product in a compact and hard corrosive surface. This study provides useful information for the restoration and protection of bronze Ding in Yin Ruins.     

Corrosion and wear behaviors of Al-bronzes in 5.0% H2SO4 solution

Steady-state corrosion and wear behaviors of two Al-bronzes, Cu-14Al-X and QAl9-4, in 5.0% H2SO4 solution were investigated. It is found that wear loss of bronzes in 5.0% H2SO4 solution is lower than that in water or in air, namely, it exhibits negative synergy between corrosion and wear. Further analysis shows that corrosive solution plays an important role in cooling of specimen during the sliding wear to prevent the reduction of the surface hardness of specimen, induced by frictional heat. On the other hand, the bronzes suffer a de-alloying corrosion, and a noble copper subsurface and patina form on the specimen surface in corrosive solution, which has a passive function for further corrosion. The noble copper subsurface experiences strain hardening during the corrosion and wear, resulting in the increase of the surface hardness thus the increase in wear resistance.     

Novel rare-earth-containing lead-free solders with enhanced ductility

Severallead-free material systems are availableas replacements for traditional lead-based solders in microelectronic packaging, including near-eutectic combinations oftin-rich alloys. Although these materials have superior mechanical properties as compared to the Pb-Sn system, much work remains in developing these materials for electronic packaging. Small additions of rare-earth elements have been shown to refine the microstructure of several lead-free solder systems, thus improving their mechanical properties. This study investigated the effect of the addition of lanthanum on the melting behavior, microstructure, and shear strength of an Sn-3.9Ag-0.7Cu alloy. The influence of LaSn₃ intermetallics on microstructural refinement and damage evolution in these novel solders is discussed.     

Corrosion wear behavior of Al-bronzes in 3.5% NaCl solution

The corrosion wear behaviors of two aluminum bronzes, Cu-14Al-X and QAl9-4, in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated on a pin-on-block reciprocating tester. It was found that the wear loss of the bronzes in 3.5% NaCl solution was lower than that in water and in air, i.e., it exhibited “negative” synergy between corrosion and wear. To understand the corrosion wear mechanism of the bronzes, the corrosion rate and polarization curves of Cu-14Al-X and QAl9-4 in 3.5% NaCl solution were determined. The worn surfaces of the specimens were examined, and the wear tracks were measured using scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion patinas formed on the specimen surfaces were studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. The corrosive solution was shown to play an important role in cooling of the specimen surfaces during the wear, thus preventing the specimen’s surface hardness from being reducing, induced by frictional heat during the sliding wear. On the other hand, the bronzes suffered from dealloying corrosion; a noble copper subsurface and patina formed on the specimen surface in the corrosive solution, which had a passive function for further corrosion. The noble copper subsurface experienced strain hardening during the corrosion wear, resulting in an increase of the surface hardness and thus an increase in wear resistance.     

石脑油储罐导静电铜丝带腐蚀失效分析

对石脑油储罐导静电铜丝带的腐蚀失效原因进行了分析,通过腐蚀介质分析、X射线衍射定性分析、X荧光光谱定量分析和铜片腐蚀试验,对腐蚀原因和机理进行了验证。证明了铜丝带腐蚀是由石脑油中的H2S和活性硫引起的。并从设备安全运行的角度提出了改进措施。     

LN2—3井油管腐蚀行为

采用一种实用的评价油管腐蚀状况的挂片装置,通过扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪对腐蚀产物分析,结合仿真模拟试验,研究了ＬＮ２－３井油管的腐蚀现状,结果表明,ＬＮ２－３井油管的腐蚀中度腐蚀．     

转炉煤气柜柜内钢结构的腐蚀原因

对转炉煤气柜内腐蚀介质与腐蚀产物进行分析,探讨了柜内钢结构腐蚀的原因与机理。结果表明:柜内碳钢表面腐蚀产物主要由FeCO_3及少量铁氧化物和CaCO_3组成,煤气冷凝水中含有大量的HCO_3~-及Cl-等腐蚀性离子,因此气柜内钢结构腐蚀主要是由CO_2引起的,CO_2溶于冷凝水后,在碳钢表面形成一层弱酸性腐蚀液膜,使得钢结构表面发生了CO_2均匀腐蚀。由于柜内煤气温度较低,形成的腐蚀产物疏松,使得氧气、Cl~-等能渗透到碳钢表面,加速局部腐蚀,使得气柜侧壁及底板表面出现许多腐蚀孔洞。