超音速大气等离子喷涂TiB2−SiC涂层的制备与性能

将喷雾造粒制备的TiB2?SiC粉末进行真空煅烧,采用超音速大气等离子喷涂制备TiB2?SiC涂层,研究喷涂功率和喷涂距离对TiB2?SiC涂层性能的影响,并对超音速等离子喷涂制备TiB2?SiC涂层的工艺进行优化。结果表明:煅烧后的喷涂粉末粒径分布均匀,球形度良好,流动性增强。煅烧粉末制备的涂层结构致密、沉积效率高。当采用超音速等离子喷涂煅烧后的TiB2?SiC粉末、喷涂功率为95 kW、喷涂距离为150 mm时,制备的TiB2?SiC涂层综合性能最好:孔隙率为5.6%,显微硬度为3.57 GPa,结合强度为18.3 MPa,电阻率为10.8 mΩ·cm。     

大气等离子喷涂锆酸镧热障涂层

利用自制的稀土元素复合掺杂锆酸镧热喷涂粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在镍基高温合金表面制备La1.6Nd0.4Ce1.0Zr1.0O7(LNCZ)热障涂层,研究了喷涂参数对涂层沉积率、显微结构、结合强度及抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,增大喷涂功率,降低送粉速率可以有效地提高涂层的沉积率,但对涂层结合和抗热震性能不利。减小喷涂距离不仅提高沉积率,还有利于获得孔径细小、孔隙率适中的层状组织结构,该结构对提高涂层的抗热震性能极为有利。采用DH-1080大气等离子喷涂设备制备LNCZ涂层较好的喷涂条件为:功率40 kW,喷涂距离9 cm,送粉速率12 g/min。     

硝酸腐蚀对等离子喷涂YAG:Ce涂层发光性能的影响

为探讨荧光元素在腐蚀监测领域的应用,围绕Ce掺杂YAG(Y_3Al_5O_(12))粉末和涂层的制备,探讨硝酸腐蚀对涂层发光性能的影响。结果表明高温固相法形成的YAG:Ce粉末主要为YAG相,等离子喷涂涂层则以YAG和YAP(YAlO_3)相为主。经过在硝酸中腐蚀不同的时间后,涂层的孔隙率和衍射峰的强度均增加。同时,衍射峰的主峰位置发生移动。涂层的发光强度随腐蚀时间的增加呈现先增加再降低之后增大的波动趋势。涂层的发光强度受其孔隙率、衍射峰位置和强度等多种因素的影响。     

等离子喷涂氧化铝基复合涂层研究进展

随着等离子喷涂技术的发展,等离子喷涂氧化铝基复合涂层在防腐蚀、耐磨损和航天航空等领域得到了广泛应用。首先简要介绍了新型等离子喷涂技术(激光等离子喷涂、悬浮液等离子喷涂和超音速等离子等)和主要喷涂工艺参数(喷涂功率、送粉方式和喷涂距离等),然后从改善涂层耐腐蚀性能的角度出发,阐述了第二相、喷涂工艺参数和后处理工艺对涂层气孔率的影响及与涂层耐腐蚀性能的关系。重点分析了硬度、喂料特征和激光熔覆技术对氧化铝基复合涂层耐磨损性能的影响,详述了影响硬度的因素,以及喷涂粉末特征和激光熔覆处理对复合涂层微观结构的影响。在电磁波吸收性能研究方面,论述了吸收剂含量、涂层厚度和多种电磁波吸收剂匹配以及喷涂参数的调整对等离子喷涂氧化铝基复合涂层吸波性能的影响。最后对以等离子喷涂技术制备性能更加优异的氧化铝基复合涂层提出了展望。     

电压及电流对等离子喷涂Mo涂层微观组织和性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术在45钢表面制备纯Mo涂层,研究了喷涂高电压、低电流参数下涂层表面与截面的微观组织与性能。结果表明:等离子喷涂过程中电压参数变化对该涂层组织和性能的影响较之电流参数变化更为明显;等离子喷涂电压降低同时H_2流量减少,粉末颗粒熔化时间得以延长,但运动速度和动能下降,导致涂层沉积率和孔隙率降低,涂层变薄;喷涂电流降低使粉末熔化质量下降,同时受到未熔粉末反弹因素影响,涂层厚度和沉积率也相应减少;当等离子喷涂电压为165 V、电流为360 A时,制备出的纯Mo涂层沉积率较高且具有较好的组织和综合性能,其中涂层表面硬度为757 HV0.5、粗糙度Ra为2.26μm。     

微束等离子喷涂Mo涂层

采用微束等离子喷涂方法在Q235上制备了Mo涂层.研究喷涂电流、喷涂距离对涂层组织结构和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察涂层的组织结构并计算孔隙率,测试涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,并记录粉末沉积率.结果表明,在本试验条件下微束等离子喷涂电流与喷涂距离对涂层组织和性能产生较大的影响.适当工艺参数条件下粉末沉积率高于80 %,可以获得显微硬大于400 HV_(0.1),平均结合强度仍然大于40 MPa的涂层.     

电压及电流对等离子喷涂Mo涂层微观组织和性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术在45钢表面制备纯Mo涂层,研究了喷涂高电压、低电流参数下涂层表面与截面的微观组织与性能。结果表明:等离子喷涂过程中电压参数变化对该涂层组织和性能的影响较之电流参数变化更为明显;等离子喷涂电压降低同时H2流量减少,粉末颗粒熔化时间得以延长,但运动速度和动能下降,导致涂层沉积率和孔隙率降低,涂层变薄;喷涂电流降低使粉末熔化质量下降,同时受到未熔粉末反弹因素影响,涂层厚度和沉积率也相应减少;当等离子喷涂电压为165 V、电流为360 A时,制备出的纯Mo涂层沉积率较高且具有较好的组织和综合性能,其中涂层表面硬度为757 HV0.5、粗糙度Ra为2.26μm。     

硝酸腐蚀对等离子喷涂YAG：Ce涂层的发光性能的影响

为探讨荧光元素在腐蚀监测领域的应用,论文围绕Ce掺杂YAG(Y₃Al₅O₁₂)粉末和涂层的制备进行,探讨硝酸腐蚀时间对涂层发光性能的影响。结果表明高温固相法形成的YAG：Ce粉末主要为YAG相,等离子喷涂涂层则以YAG和YAP (YAlO₃)相为主。经过在硝酸中腐蚀不同的时间后,涂层的孔隙率和衍射峰的强度均增加。同时,衍射峰的主峰位置发生移动。涂层的发光强度随腐蚀时间的增加呈现先增加、再降低、之后增大的波动趋势。涂层的发光强度受其孔隙率、结晶度和相成分等多种因素的影响。     

钛合金表面生物陶瓷覆层的制备

用CaHPO4·2H2O和CaCO3制备羟基磷灰石粉末,以钛合金Ti6A14V为基材,采用等离子喷涂在不同喷涂距离和喷涂功率下制备羟基磷灰石涂层.结果表明:(1)随着喷涂功率的提高,颗粒的熔化程度提高,涂层与基体的结合强度增强;但同时涂层中的分解程度增加,出现了Ca4(PO4)3等第二相和杂相;增大喷涂距离可使涂层非晶化增强.(2)添加稀土元素可改善涂层的组织结构和界面的结合状况,并且有利于获得细小的晶粒.     

等离子喷涂低镍白铜涂层的组织性能研究

以低镍白铜粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在碳钢Q235表面制备B10涂层,喷涂功率23.5~26.4 k W,喷涂距离130~180 mm。研究了喷涂功率和距离对涂层结合强度的影响。采用扫描电镜观察涂层组织形貌,用能谱仪进行化学成分分析,用X射线衍射进行物相分析。结果表明:随喷涂功率和喷涂距离的增大,涂层与基体间的结合强度先增大后减小;在喷涂功率25 k W、喷涂距离150 mm时,涂层均匀致密,结合强度达到最大值28.3 MPa。其中,硬度达到218.1 HV0.1。     

喷涂工艺参数对硅灰石涂层结构的影响

采用等离子喷涂方法,在不同喷涂距离、主气流量和喷涂功率下制备硅灰石涂层.使用扫描电镜观察了涂层的微观形貌,研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层结构的影响.结果表明,在较大主气流量下,随着喷涂距离增加,涂层粒子扁平化程度降低,涂层内孔隙逐渐增多;在较小主气流量下,涂层粒子扁平化程度随喷涂距离增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势.主气流量增加,涂层致密,粒子扁平充分.喷涂功率增加,粒子熔化好,涂层致密;但随喷涂功率进一步增加,涂层中出现较多的圆形孔隙.喷涂工艺参数对涂层结构的影响主要通过影响熔融粒子的温度和速度所致.     

Ultrafast thermal plasma physical vapor deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia for novel thermal barrier coatings

This research aims to develop advanced thermal plasma spraying technology for the next-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a high power hybrid plasma spraying system. By using thermal plasma physical vapor deposition (TP-PVD), various functional structured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings were deposited. Parameters, such as powder feeding rate, hydrogen gas concentration, and total mass flow rate of the plasma gas, were optimized, and their influences on the evaporation of YSZ powder were investigated. Ultrafast deposition of a thick coating was achieved at a rate of over 150 μm/min. The deposited porous coating has a low thermal conductivity of 0.7W/mK and the dense coating with interlaced t′ domains possesses a high nanohardness of 27.85 GPa and a high reflectance. These characteristics show that the TP-PVD technique is a very valuable process for manufacturing novel TBCs.     

Plasma spraying of functionally graded yttria stabilized zirconia/NiCoCrAlY coating system using composite powders

Pre-alloyed and plasma spheroidized composite powders were used as the feedstock in the plasma spraying of functionally graded yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/NiCoCrAlY coatings. The ball milling parameters of the composite powders and the plasma spraying parameters for preparing functionally graded materials (FMGs) coatings were optimized to obtain the best performance for the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Microstructure, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of YSZ/NiCoCrAlY FGMs coatings were investigated and compared with those of traditional duplex coatings. Results showed that the advantages of using pre-alloyed composite powders in plasma spraying were to ensure chemical homogeneity and promote uniform density along the graded layers. Microstructure observation showed the gradient distribution of YSZ and NiCoCrAlY phases in the coating, and no clear interface was found between two adjacent different layers. Oxidation occurred during plasma spray and the resultant aluminum oxide combines with YSZ in a wide range of proportions. The bond strength of functionally graded coatings was about twice as high as that of the duplex coatings because of the significant reduction of the residual stresses in the coatings. The thermal cycling resistance of functionally graded coating was much better than that of duplex coating.     

恒温氧化处理对YSZ∶Eu热障涂层发光性能及微观结构的影响

使用纯YSZ粉末与2mol%Eu³⁺掺杂的YSZ粉末制备3种不同结构的涂层。采用激光光谱仪分别对1100 ℃下热处理100、300、800 h的3种热障涂层试样进行发光性能测试,采用扫描电镜观察涂层的微观组织形貌,用能谱仪分析了涂层的元素分布。结果表明,YSZ:Eu涂层的荧光强度随热处理时间的延长逐渐下降,未经热处理的原始试样的荧光强度最大;YSZ∶Eu涂层的发射光谱图主要由502 nm与606 nm两个发射峰组成,其中606 nm的发射峰强度大于592 nm的发射峰;在相同热处理条件下,YSZ∶Eu涂层的荧光强度与涂层中Eu³⁺的含量成正比;3种涂层的孔隙率分别为8.41%、8.48%、8.37%;涂层的维氏硬度均处于430～440 HV0.3之间。2mol%Eu³⁺的掺杂对YSZ涂层的致密度与硬度未造成影响,1100 ℃下热处理800 h后Eu³⁺在涂层内部未发生扩散现象。     

Characterization of YSZ solid oxide fuel cells electrolyte deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and low pressure plasma spraying

Yttria doped zirconia has been widely used as electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Plasma spraying is a cost-effective process to deposit YSZ electrolyte. In this study, the 8 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) layer was deposited by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with fused-crushed and agglomerated powders to examine the effect of spray method and particle size on the electrical conductivity and gas permeability of YSZ coating. The microstructure of YSZ coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the gas permeability was significantly influenced by powder structure. The gas permeability of YSZ coating deposited by fused-crushed powder is one order lower in magnitude than that by agglomerated powder. Moreover, the gas permeability of YSZ deposited by LPPS is lower than that of APS YSZ. The electrical conductivity of the deposits through thickness direction was measured by potentiostat/galvanostat based on three-electrode assembly approach. The electrical conductivity of YSZ coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying with fused-crushed powder of small particle size was 0.043 S cm⁻¹ at 100 °C, which is about 20% higher than that of atmospheric plasma spraying YSZ with the same powder. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

Influence of Plasma Spray Parameters on the Microstructure and Property of ZrO2-7 wt%Y2O3 Coating

The plasma sprayed ZrO2-7 wt%Y2O3(7YSZ)coating has been widely applied in aircraft engine as a thermal barrier coating.In this study,the duplex TBC system(MCrAlY+7YSZ)were deposited onto 304 stainless steel substrate by APS.Four principal spraying parameters during the deposition of 7YSZ coating were optimized by using orthogonal experimental design,including the stand-off distance,plasma power,preheating temperature and powder feeding rate.Their influences on the coating’s microstructure,adhesion and its mechanical properties were studied and the optimized parameters were finally obtained.The results showed that the dependence of the spraying parameters on the properties of 7YSZ coating is highly correlated to the melting condition of the in-flight particles.     

Mo基体上锆酸镧热障涂层的研究

利用自行研制的La1.4Nd0.6Zr2O7(LNZ)喷涂粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂在Mo基体上制备LNZ热障涂层.测试粉末的各项热物理性能,考核涂层的抗热震性能和高温隔热性能,并与常规氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)涂层进行比较.结果表明,与YSZ相比,LNZ由于具有热膨胀系数小、导热系数低、烧结速率低等特点而更适合在Mo基体作为热障涂层使用.     

Characterization of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Deposited by Low-Pressure Plasma Spraying

The research presented here aimed to apply plasma spraying at a low pressure of 100 Pa for fabricating the columnar structure or dense coatings. These coatings with different structures were elaborated from the vapor condensation and molten droplets, respectively, using the agglomerated YSZ powders and a relatively low power commercial F4-VB torch. It was shown that the crystallite size of coating deposited from the vapor condensation at a spraying distance of 200 mm was reduced to 17.1 nm from 43.7 nm of the feedstock. Observations indicated that a thin columnar structured coating was produced out of the line of sight of projection. In the line of sight of projection, the hybrid structured coating was obtained. The relatively dense coating was fabricated using a specifically designed extended nozzle. Investigations by means of optical emission spectroscopy were performed to analyze the nature of the plasma jet with YSZ powders. The Vickers microhardness was also conducted. It was found that the relatively dense coating showed a higher value in comparison to the hybrid structure coating, up to 1273 ± 56 Hv_100g.     

The evaluation of powder processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite coatings

In clinical applications, the mechanical failure of HA-coated titanium alloy implants suffered at the interface of the HA coating and titanium alloy substrate will be a potential weakness in prosthesis. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) reinforced HA coatings have been proven to enhance the mechanical properties of the HA coating significantly and reduce the formation of calcium oxide (CaO). In this paper, HA/YSZ (30 wt.% YSZ) composite coatings were sprayed by the plasma technique. The effects of the powder processing–mechanical ball milling method and spheroidization method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the HA/YSZ composite coatings were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the spheroidized powders melted better than the ball milled powders during plasma spraying and formed higher mechanical property coatings (1.6326±0.08 MPa m^−0.5 of fracture toughness, 58.59±2.91 GPa of elastic modulus and 43.42±2.53 MPa of tensile bond strength). HA/YSZ solid solution formed during deposition on the substrate, which played a very important role in the mechanical properties of the HA/YSZ composite coatings. Tensile bond strength tests showed that the fracture mode was cohesive and that failure occurred at the interface of HA and unmelted YSZ particles. The molten state of YSZ had a great influence on the properties of the HA/YSZ composite coatings.     

Study on gas permeation behaviour through atmospheric plasma-sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia coating

Gas permeation behaviour through atmospheric plasma-sprayed 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte coating was studied experimentally. YSZ coatings were fabricated using different powder feedstock. The temperature and velocity of in-flight particles during spraying were measured with a diagnostic system. The results showed that particle temperature and velocity were significantly influenced by the size of powders. The gas permeability of these coatings was estimated by a specific instrument with pure O₂, N₂ and H₂. It was found that the gas permeability was reduced by decreasing the size of powder. Gas permeation behaviour through plasma-sprayed YSZ coating was studied. Transition flow was compatible to gas permeation behaviour for all three plasma-sprayed YSZ coatings. The relationship between gas permeation behaviour and coating microstructure is discussed in this article.