基于成本-能力-时间-资产专用性的采购商-供应商关系模型

分析了现有文献对影响采购商.供应商关系的8个因素,指出了目前在采购商-供应商关系研究上存在的区分不清晰、不易辨别的不足.提出了一个基于成本-能力.时间.资产专用性的采购商.供应商关系定位模型.为了廓清在合作时间和资产专用性两方面存在的模糊认识,还专门对其进行了诠释,给出了合作时间长与短、资产专用性程度高与低的分界点.     

R&D过程中供应商纵向知识溢出决策分析

建立一个供应链成员间知识溢出模型,对R&D过程中供应商纵向知识溢出的原因以及影响因素进行分析.发现供应商纵向知识溢出的决策与供应商和制造商获得的边际收益以及R&D质量对隐性知识投入和显性知识投入的弹性系数有关.供应商的边际收益相对于制造商的边际收益越高(低),供应商越有(没有)动力进行知识投入和溢出.当供应商的知识溢出大于零时,供应商的最优知识溢出与他对质量的影响正相关.     

未知需求分布下提前期可控的整合库存模型研究

考虑了单供应商单采购商的生产一库存联合优化问题,采购商面临未知分布的随机需求,供应商的提前期可以控制.采用Minimax方法建立了供应商和采购商联合期望总成本最小化模型,模型中允许采购商缺货,并且部分缺货延期交付,部分缺货发生销售损失,同时也考虑了运输成本,并且假设运输成本依赖于订货量和提前期.给出了求解联合最优生产批...     

政府不同研发补贴政策下的企业市场绩效

为了研究政府的研究与开发(R&D)补贴政策,建立了双寡头市场中面向R&D工艺的三阶段博弈模型。第一阶段为政府补贴阶段,分为两种情况:一是政府对企业进行R&D投入补贴;二是对企业进行产品创新补贴。政府以社会总福利最大为目标选择R&D补贴率;第二阶段为R&D合作阶段,两企业以它们的总利润最大为目标选择R&D投入水平;第三阶段为产品市场竞争阶段,企业选择产品产量在市场上进行古诺竞争。用逆向归纳法求出了研发卡特尔策略下的古诺—纳什均衡解。研究表明,当企业采用研发卡特尔策略时,政府对产品创新的补贴力度要远高于对R&D投入的补贴力度。对产品创新进行补贴的方式优于对R&D投入进行补贴,它能促使企业以相对较少的研发投入带来较多的产品、较高的企业利润和较高的社会总福利水平。     

产业集群下的供应链Credit期权采购及延迟支付策略

针对在产业集群背景下,供应链网络内中小企业采购方式是一种非传统的、随机延迟支付的信任采购模式.在单供应商—单采购商采购模式的基础上,建立了产业集群下多供应商—多采购商分散式供应链采购模型;在模型中通过对生产周期和供应周期的调整,并引入Credit期权,以保证上下游多供应商—多采购商之间的协调,设计出集群供应链多供应商—多采购商Credit期权联合采购模型,以及相应的基于信任延期支付方式,并提出了利润分配协调机制.最后,通过算例分析了集群供应链Credit期权联合采购模型和基于信任延期支付的有效性,特别是根据双方议价能力分配所得利润,能达到Pareto最优,且模型设计不需要采购商提供任何成本信息.     

供应商要素品牌价值对采购商关系治理行为影响研究——合作还是竞争?北大核心CSSCI

对要素供应商而言,采购商对其关系治理方式起到决定性作用,要素品牌化已成为提高竞争力的有效途径。基于采购商关系治理视角和资源依赖理论,将供应商要素品牌价值分为功能价值、体验价值和符号价值,将采购商依赖分为基于声望的依赖和基于利益的依赖,构建供应商要素品牌价值对采购商依赖和关系治理行为影响的假设模型,并通过207家采购商问卷数据进行实证检验。研究显示,三类要素品牌价值均正向影响采购商合作行为,利益依赖发挥中介作用;体验价值和符号价值正向影响采购商竞争行为。     

供应商要素品牌价值对采购商关系治理行为影响研究——合作还是竞争?

对要素供应商而言,采购商对其关系治理方式起到决定性作用,要素品牌化已成为提高竞争力的有效途径。基于采购商关系治理视角和资源依赖理论,将供应商要素品牌价值分为功能价值、体验价值和符号价值,将采购商依赖分为基于声望的依赖和基于利益的依赖,构建供应商要素品牌价值对采购商依赖和关系治理行为影响的假设模型,并通过207家采购商问卷数据进行实证检验。研究显示,三类要素品牌价值均正向影响采购商合作行为,利益依赖发挥中介作用;体验价值和符号价值正向影响采购商竞争行为。     

差别权重补贴下考虑消费者绿色偏好的闭环供应链定价决策

政府部门对再制造产品制造商和消费者进行差别权重补贴能够提高补贴利用效率,提升企业再制造实施效果,基于目标市场上新产品和再制造产品存在绿色度差异,建立了差别权重补贴下考虑消费者绿色偏好的闭环供应链博弈定价模型。探讨了单位再制造产品补贴额、补贴权重和消费者绿色偏好度对闭环供应链产品定价和需求的影响。通过典型算例验证了模型的有效性,研究结果表明:产品定价分别与补贴权重和消费者绿色偏好度存在正相关关系;政府部门单位再制造产品补贴额对再制造产品定价的影响取决于补贴权重的选值范围;差别权重补贴和消费者绿色偏好均会形成再制造产品对新产品的市场挤兑效应。     

保税港区出口集运三级供应链博弈分析

基于随机需求,针对出口集运模型下一个国内供应商、一个国内分销商和一个国外零售商组成的三级供应链,运用博弈理论的逆向归纳法,定量比较分析有无保税港区情形下供应链上各成员的最优利润。结果表明：有保税港区后,供应链上成员达到了三方共赢;国外消费者的消费福利提高;供应商可获单位价值退税额与分销商可获单位价值利益的增加,有利于供应链三方利润的增加和消费者福利的提高。     

认证作用受到广泛认可

正"ISO 9001管理体系认证在中国企业实施情况"的调查数据显示,ISO 9001认证的作用得到我国企业的广泛认可,采购商对获得ISO 9001认证的供应商的整体满意度较高。根据调查结果,在接受调查的采购商中,超过九成采购商表示他们将获得ISO 9001认证作为对供应商评价的重要依据,约3/4的采购商对ISO 9001认证机构的信誉总体看法是"好"或"很好"。     

偏向买方的E化供应链的协调与激励

采用剩货退回合约，以偏向买方的E—SC为研究对象，对E化供应链的协调与激励进行了研究，并得到以下结论：在偏向买方的E化供应链中，供应商对剩余产品提供一定的退款率，可以使供应链得到协调，分销商(买方)总是有动机参与E化供应链，而供应商的参与动机取决于佣金率与协调机制。如果电子商务服务者收取的佣金率低于一定值，供应商(卖方)不需额外激励也会参与E化供应链；但如果佣金率高于一定值，即使分销商提供可能的最大补贴仍不足激励供应商参与E化供应链，E化供应链会因缺乏参与者而解散；当佣金率介于以上两者之间时，如果分销商(买方)从自己的获利中向供应商支付一定的补贴，仍可使整个供应链得到协调。本文的研究为E化供应链的协调与激励提供了一套具体的、可操作的、基于剩货退回合约的协调与激励方案，另外还从一个侧面反映了一些E化供应链失败的原因。     

Buyer behaviours and the performance of the supply chain: An international exploration

This paper studies the effects of buyer?supplier interaction in a supply chain environment. It focuses on the effects of buyer behaviours (such as supplier selection, number of suppliers, percentage of outsourcing, and frequency of production changes) on the performance of the supply chain. Using data collected from machine tool manufacturers around the world, the various behaviours of buyers are examined to see how they induce or mitigate the degree of uncertainty experienced by suppliers and thus affect suppliers' delivery performance. In addition, it was investigated how such buyer behaviours could further affect the supply chain's ability to perform as expected. The statistical results suggest that many buyer behaviours that have no direct effect on buyer's performance can have a significant effect on their suppliers' performance. Specifically, buyer behaviours directly manifest in supplier performance and only indirectly manifest in their own performance. This can give the buyer the false impression that the supply base is harming performance, when the real problem is the way the buyer manages the supply chain. The results vary by region of the world, suggesting that any theory that links buyer behaviours to supplier performance will need to consider a firm location.     

Supplier development: communication approaches,activities and goals

Operations managers rely on the purchasing function to obtain production inputs from suppliers and to ensure supplier performance. The link between supplier development activities performed by buying firms with their suppliers, in terms of operational outcomes and impact on competitive advantage for the buying firm has been well documented. However, a buying firm should, prior to setting up a supplier development program and investing in supplier development activities, establish goals it wants to achieve and determine how to achieve these goals. Until now, supplier development goals in general and their relationship with supplier development activities have received little research attention. The results from this empirical study suggest that the relationship between the goal to improve a supplier's capabilities and knowledge transfer from the buyer to the supplier firm is moderated by the degree of human interaction. Buying firms pursuing the strategy to improve supplier capabilities rely more intensively on training and co-location of buyer and supplier employees to leverage the knowledge transfer to the supplier firm.     

Supplier post performance evaluation: the effects of buyer preference weight variance

We use empirical post performance data of suppliers and buyers to demonstrate that degrees of variability of buyer evaluation team weight preferences can have varying effects on the perception of supplier performance attributes. We first justify then use data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a research tool to integrate buyer performance and buyer weight preferences with supplier performance and then use the results of the dyadic DEA evaluation model to analyse three propositions. This integration is essential to a dyadic approach. Results indicate that buyer preference weights on supplier performance attributes influence the perception of supplier performance sometimes in unexpected ways dependent on the degree of conformity versus disparity in the factor weights that was put into operation using assurance regions. As a result, buyer performance factors and preferences must be measured and their effects understood before post performance supplier evaluation is completed and other components of a relationship management plan are implemented.     

Developing environmental and social performance: the role of suppliers’ sustainability and buyer–supplier trust

We explore how environmental and social performance of manufacturing firms can be improved as sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) develops and evolves within a firm from internal to external practices. Importantly, this study considers how key suppliers’ sustainability performance and buyer–supplier trust mediate and moderate such a development. A conceptual framework is developed which relies on resource-based theories and emerging empirical evidence. Then, partial least square methodology is applied on survey data from a sample of Italian manufacturing firms. Results show that manufacturing firms’ sustainability performance improves as SSCM develops; however, while internal practices have a direct impact on performance, the effect of external practices on a manufacturing firm’s sustainability performance is fully mediated by key suppliers’ sustainability performance. Yet, buyer–supplier trust significantly influences the scope of such gains. Since evidence suggests that manufacturing firms are still struggling with how to leverage supply chain innovation potential for sustainable development, this study provides a timely and valuable contribution.     

Blockchain adoption or contingent sourcing? Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.     

A framework for defining both qualitative and quantitative supplier selection criteria considering the buyer–supplier integration strategies

Previous research has reported that the decision criteria used to evaluate suppliers differ by product category. This paper presents a framework for defining the supplier selection criteria by investigating possible quantitative and qualitative criteria reported by earlier studies according to the levels of buyer–supplier relationship, the company's competitive situation and its corporate strategies, rather than investigating these criteria in respect of product category. The solution proposed in this study not only assists decision makers to define selection criteria, but also supports determining the buyer–supplier integration level. An actual case in Audio Electronics, a Turkish electronics business, demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed framework in practice.     

风险厌恶下基于收入共享契约的供应链协调策略

在收入共享契约下,借助条件风险值理论研究风险规避零售商和风险中性供应商组成的二级供应链协调定价模型,推导出随机需求受价格影响的零售商最优零售价格、库存因子以及供应商最优批发价格。讨论风险规避系数、市场弹性系数和收入共享系数对分散供应链系统以及各成员运作绩效的影响。最后,进行数值算例,数值结果表明,随着零售商风险规避程度的增加,零售商和供应商运作绩效呈递减趋势,但采用收入共享契约可以有效的减少供应链系统以及各成员独立运作的绩效损失;当收入共享系数一定时,需求价格弹性系数越大,供应商和零售商运作绩效越小;然而零售商和供应商运作绩效并不受成本比例系数的影响。     

Quantity discount coordination for allocation of purchase orders in supply chains with multiple suppliers

Studies about supply chain coordination have emphasised maximising the profit of the overall supply chain, but the profit changes of individual members in the supply chain have often been overlooked. It has been shown that profit increment of the whole supply chain may not be beneficial for every individual member. Therefore, the use of quantity discounts to achieve the coordination of a supply chain is discussed in this article. A two-echelon selling system with a single buyer and multiple suppliers is considered to enhance profitability for both sides at the same time. An acceptable quantity discount condition for both the buyer and the suppliers to determine an appropriate order quantity allocation to produce more profits in the supply chain is proposed. Furthermore, the profit distribution between the buyer and each supplier is studied. Finally, the results of the numerical application show that the buyer should focus on managing the procurement costs to decrease the acquiring costs, and the suppliers should focus on the fixed costs of management to reduce the production costs in machine operations.