灰度形态学滤波的红外运动小目标检测方法

针对空中红外图像中运动小目标的特征，提出一种采用灰度形态学滤波的背景抑制方法对图像进行处理，再利用自适应阈值分割方法对图像进行阈值分割的帧内检测方法；实践证明该技术能有效提高图像的信噪比，从而达到有效分割和快速检测小目标的目的。     

一种有效的红外图像中人造目标分割方法

提出一种红外图像单阈值分割方法。为了减少计算量,结合先验信息选择包含待分割目标的感兴趣区域,利用Bezier曲线法平滑感兴趣区域直方图的噪声;对平滑后的感兴趣区域的直方图求解其曲率曲线,用曲率曲线的波峰所对应的灰度值作为初始分割阈值;基于先验信息从初始分割阈值中确定最佳分割阈值并进行初步分割。为了弥补单纯利用阈值法分割的缺陷,结合上述分割结果和目标的边缘信息得到封闭性良好的完整目标的二值图像。实验结果表明,提出的方法能快速有效地将红外目标从复杂的背景中分割出来,算法的计算复杂度为O(MN)。     

图像分割技术在金相分析中的应用

介绍了常用的图像分割方法及其优缺点和金相图像分析中的图像分割方法。针对金相图像分割中存在的问题，提出了两步分割的图像分割方法。这种方法是先用阈值分割法把目标从背景中分割开来，然后采用数学形态学、打孔、找凹点和连分割线的方法进行粘连分割。与已有的金相图像分割方法相比，这种方法具有较强的强健性、自适应性和非监督性。     

一种改进的势函数聚类多阈值图像分割算法

针对基于势函数聚类的多阈值图像分割算法的不足,定义了伪势的概念,并在原算法基础上提出了一种改进的图像分割算法。由伪势概念确定了伪势合并的判别方法,按照此方法,当相邻的两个峰之间的距离小于所定义的自适应模糊伪势因子时,则应该进行伪势合并。改进后的算法在计算剩余势函数时判断是否存在伪势,然后在势划分函数组的确定过程中相应地进行伪势合并计算。利用多幅图像进行了多阈值分割的仿真试验,结果表明,改进的基于势函数的多阈值图像分割算法具有更好的鲁棒性和分割效果。     

基于多峰灰度直方图分割的遥感影像码头目标提取

针对传统方法在码头目标提取时效率和准确度不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于多峰灰度直方图分割的码头提取算法。首先利用中值滤波法去除浪花等噪声干扰,确定感兴趣区域;然后针对多峰直方图自动寻找最佳分割阈值获取码头目标二值图像;最后对二值图像进行边缘提取,得到码头目标。结果表明,本文方法对不同类型遥感影像均能较完整地提取出码头轮廓,且精度和效率较为理想。     

红外车辆目标的自动模糊分割

针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种基于遗传算法的自动模糊分割红外车辆目标图像的方法.首先选取图像的感兴趣区域以加快运算速度;然后对感兴趣区域图像进行模糊增强,借助于二维OTSU方法对增强后的感兴趣区域进行阈值分割,为了加快分割算法的速度,先限定一个最佳阈值范围,再利用遗传算法在此阈值范围内自动搜索最佳分割阈值;为了弥补单独利用二维OTSU方法分割的不足,采用缩短模糊边缘宽度的方法来提取感兴趣区域红外车辆目标图像的边缘.最后把二维OTSU方法分割的图像与模糊边缘提取得到的边缘图像进行或运算后进行填充以得到最终的车辆目标分割图像.实验结果表明,对于红外车辆目标图像,一维OTSU和二维OTSU算法只是基本分割出了红外车辆目标的主体,而本文提出的自动模糊分割技术不仅准确分割出了红外车辆目标的主体,而且对于坦克的模糊炮塔亦得到了完整的分割.     

红外图像的动态阈值分割

在深入探讨目前图像分割算法的基础上，针对实际红外图像的分割提出了一种新的方法－－动态阈值分割算法。它利用局部空间阈值适度调整全局统计最优阈值，因而其分割阈值是动态的。实验表明该算法能够突出图像中感兴趣的细节，单动态阈值的分割效果相当于常规固定双域值的分割。     

结合深度图像和最佳分割阈值迭代的自遮挡检测算法

针对视觉任务中普遍存在的自遮挡现象和目前视觉系统尚无明确的自遮挡检测算法的现状,提出了一种结合视觉目标深度图像和最佳分割阈值迭代的自遮挡检测算法。在分析图像阈值分割技术的基础上,将分割阈值迭代法的思想引入深度图像领域,并结合使用视觉目标对应的深度差值图像信息,通过求取合适的阈值实现了对自遮挡现象的检测。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测出视觉目标中存在的自遮挡现象并定位自遮挡边界,弥补了目前自遮挡检测领域研究的不足。     

基于多分辨率阈值的非均匀光照微视觉图像实时分割技术研究

为了满足微纳和生物医学领域对微视觉图像目标信息高精度实时提取的需求,提出一种基于多分辨率阈值的非均匀光照微视觉图像实时分割技术.针对传统方法所存在的在非均匀光照微视觉图像分割过程中难以精确估计阈值和实时性差等问题,首先根据微视觉图像的梯度概率密度稀疏分布特性,建立灰度强度分布估计目标函数,并利用迭代加权最小二乘法实现灰...     

改进的模糊阈值图像分割方法

提出了一种自适应的模糊阈值图像分割方法,通过预分割和直方图信息相结合的方法,解决了传统的模糊闽值图像分割法难以自动获取窗宽的困难;并针对模糊闽值图像分割方法不能适用于直方图呈单峰分布的图像的缺陷,提出了一个新的平滑迭代公式。该平滑迭代公式利用像素点的邻域信息使图像增强,再使用自适应的模糊阈值图像分割方法进行分割,可以拓宽模糊阈值图像分割方法的适用范围。实验结果表明,使用该方法的目标分割正确率达97.3％,显示了较高的分割精度和较强的鲁棒性。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.