ZrO2和ZrO2:Dy3+纳米晶发光特性

采用液相沉淀法制备了不同掺杂浓度和尺寸的ZrO2和ZrO2:Dy纳米晶,研究了其发光特性.结果表明在纳米ZrO₂中,存在着宽带激发和发射,起源为电子在价带和导带之间的跃迁.在Dy³⁺掺杂的样品中,随着颗粒尺寸的长大,其发光增强.并且共掺杂Li⁺的样品发光强度被极大地提高.随着Dy³⁺浓度的变化,黄发射和蓝发射的强度比(Y/B)发生改变,且浓度猝灭是通过近邻激活剂间的交换作用进行的.     

低温水热法制备ZnS:Co+Cr纳米晶及其光学性能研究

采用低温水热法制备出3-巯基丙酸(MPA)修饰的ZnS:Co+Cr纳米晶. 利用X射线衍射仪、粒度分析仪、透射电镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光分光光度计和XPS能谱仪等对ZnS:Co+Cr纳米晶的结构、形貌、粒径分布和发光性能进行了表征. 结果表明: 合成的ZnS:Co+Cr纳米晶有较好的单分散性, 平均粒径为9.3 nm, 均为立方闪锌矿结构; ZnS:Co+Cr纳米晶的吸收边位于320 nm处, 并在728 nm处出现Co²⁺的特征吸收峰; 当Cr²⁺浓度为0.75at%, 水热反应温度为160℃时, ZnS:Co+Cr纳米晶PL峰最强; XPS能谱表明Cr²⁺部分被氧化成Cr³⁺。     

锶铝比例对铝酸锶长余辉发光材料性能的影响

系统研究了Eu²⁺、Dy³⁺共激活的铝酸锶长余辉发光材料的发光特性与Al/Sr比例的关系.采用高温固相法合成了Al/Sr从1.0到12.0的一系列样品,对其进行了XRD和荧光光谱测试,当Al/Sr＝2.0、3.5、10.0时,分别得到了SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺、Sr₄Al₁₄O₂₅:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺、SrAl₁₂O₁₉:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺的纯相,其它比例时得到的是不同铝酸锶化合物的混合物,样品的相组成呈明显的过渡性变化,导致样品的发光颜色随Al/Sr比例的增大,从蓝绿光向短波长方向移动,最终到达紫光.     

Gd3+为敏化剂的掺Tb3+硅酸盐闪烁玻璃

实验制备了以Tb³⁺为激活剂、Gd³⁺为敏化剂的硅酸盐闪烁玻璃, 研究了Tb₂O₃和Gd₂O₃含量对玻璃密度和玻璃折射率, 以及对玻璃在紫外光激发和X射线激发条件下的光学光谱特性的影响. 通过研究Tb³⁺/Gd³⁺共掺闪烁玻璃的激发与发光特性、荧光寿命, 结合稀土离子能级结构, 分析了Gd³⁺→Tb³⁺离子之间的能量转移与传递机制. 结果表明：在紫外激发条件下, 大量引入Tb₂O₃和Gd₂O₃可提高Gd³⁺→Tb³⁺离子之间的能量传递效率, 有利于Tb³⁺离子的绿色发光; 但是在X射线激发条件下大量引入Tb³⁺离子, 由于缺陷数增加而弱化Tb³⁺离子荧光.     

碱土铝酸盐长余辉发光颜料表面包膜的研究

采用四乙氧基硅(TEOS)为硅包膜剂,在SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺发光颜料颗粒表面进行包膜,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、粒度测量、BET比表面积测试及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,证实发光颜料颗粒表面包覆了一层厚度约为14nm的致密均匀的SiO₂纳米膜.耐水性能及发光性能测试表明,包膜后发光颜料耐水性明显改善,发光性能变化较小.分析表明包膜过程实际上是水合二氧化硅在颜料颗粒表面的溶胶-凝胶过程,其最佳工艺条件为:包膜溶液pH约为10;包膜温度控制在80℃;包膜时间为3.0h.     

CaF2:Yb3+/Er3+/X(X= Li+, Na+, K+)近红外二区发光性能研究

利用热分解法制备了CaF₂:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺纳米颗粒,通过改变Yb³⁺和Er³⁺的掺杂浓度对其近红外二区(NIR-II)发光性能进行调节,研究结果表明,当Yb³⁺掺杂浓度为20%,Er³⁺掺杂浓度为2%时,在980 nm光源激发下,NIR-II发光性能最强,且纳米颗粒分散性良好,尺寸均匀。然后,进一步研究了不同的碱金属离子(Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺)共掺杂对其NIR-II发光性能的影响,研究结果表明,Li⁺掺杂因不利于纳米颗粒成核导致NIR-II发光性能降低,Na⁺和K⁺掺杂均有利于NIR-II发光性能提升。相比而言,K⁺离子半径更大,更有利于破坏晶体场的局部对称性,因此,在K⁺共掺杂的情况下NIR-II发光性能最强。     

硅衬底Al2O3∶Tb3+薄膜的制备及其发光性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在硅衬底上制备了Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜; 并采用DTA-TG、XRD、SEM、AFM及光致发光光谱对其进行了一系列表征; 分析了Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜的发光机理, 探讨了热处理温度和Tb³⁺掺杂浓度对发光性能的影响规律. 研究结果表明, 采用溶胶凝胶法制备工艺, 制备了高发光强度的Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜, 薄膜的最佳激发波长为240nm, Tb³⁺的最佳掺杂浓度为5mol%(Tb₂O₃/Al₂O₃=5mol%), 在240nm光激发下, 最强的发射峰出现在544nm附近; 并且制备的Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜表面致密、平整且无裂纹产生, 表面粗糙度约为1.3nm, 有利于硅基光电子器件的制备和应用.     

PNN/PZT系梯度功能压电材料的离子互扩散

本文研究了PNN／PZT系梯度功能压电材料中,不同离子（Nb⁵⁺、Ni²⁺、Zr⁴⁺、Ti⁴⁺）的互扩散反应随扩散温度和扩散时间的变化规律．利用电子探计（EPMA）测量了离子的组份分布,确定了离子互扩散层的厚度．采用“薄板扩散叠加”模型,对Ni²⁺、Nb⁵⁺、Ti⁴⁺和Zr⁴⁺离子的组份分布进行了计算机数值模拟,结果与EPMA实验相吻合．估算了离子的扩散系数与表观激活能,并对此进行了讨论．     

ZnS:Mn沉积温度对薄膜电致发光器件亮度的影响

采用丝网印刷技术,在Al2O3陶瓷基板上印刷、高温烧结内电极及绝缘层,制备出陶瓷厚膜基板,进而制备了新型厚膜电致发光显示器(TDEL).整个器件结构为陶瓷基板/内电极/厚膜绝缘层/发光层/薄膜绝缘层/ITO透明电极.研究不同基板沉积温度对发光层性能的影响,并对器件的亮度-电压、亮度-频率进行测量.结果显示较高的ZnS:Mn沉积温度明显提高了无机发光器件的发光亮度.其原因主要是由于高的沉积温度提高了ZnS:Mn的成膜质量,提高膜层微晶尺寸大小,从而发光亮度提高.但是我们发现温度继续提高的同时,器件发光亮度趋于饱和,分析原因是由于掺杂Mn浓度过高,影响了发光效果.     

Ce3+-Tb3+共掺杂黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃的发光与能量传递

以黄磷炉渣为原料,采用高温熔融法制备Ce³⁺-Tb³⁺共掺杂黄磷炉渣发光微晶玻璃,通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、稳态/瞬态荧光(FLS)、CIE色度等探究不同的Tb³⁺掺杂量对微晶玻璃析出晶相、发光性能和样品色度的影响。结果表明,Ce³⁺和Tb³⁺的引入,微晶玻璃主晶相为硅灰石,在310 nm波长激发下,随着Tb³⁺掺杂量增加,位于380 nm处Ce³⁺的特征发射峰减小,543 nm处Tb³⁺的特征发射峰增强,证实Ce³⁺和Tb³⁺之间存在能量传递,能量传递效率达到24.55%。此外,通过调整Tb³⁺掺杂量,微晶玻璃发光颜色可由蓝光调至绿光,从而实现发光颜色的可控化。     

超重力法制备纳米硫化锌

以硝酸锌和硫化氢为原料,在超重力旋转床(RPB,Rotating Packed Bed)中首次制备了球形、粒径分布较窄、分散性较好的闪锌矿纳米硫化锌粒子,平均粒径为30nm,转化率97.5％;研究了陈化时间对粒子形貌和大小的影响.并采用TEM、紫外可见光分光光度计、XRD等手段对产品的形貌、紫外吸收性能及晶相进行了表征.     

Cadmium sulfide photoluminescence in poly(methyl methacrylate)-matrix composites

Poly(methyl methacrylate)-matrix composites containing cadmium, lead, and zinc sulfides and also mixed (cadmium lead and cadmium zinc) sulfides were prepared by reacting metal salts with thioacetamide. The transmission of the composites in the range λ > 500 nm is 92% at absorbing layer thicknesses of ≤5 mm. The photoluminescence (PL) of the composites in the wavelength range 500–820 nm is due to the cadmium sulfide, and that in the wavelength range 300–550 nm arises from the zinc sulfide. It results from radiative recombination at levels of extrinsic structural defects in CdS and ZnS, respectively. The PL excitation spectra contain excitonic absorption bands of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide quantum dots. The PL of the cadmium sulfide in the composites is influenced by the presence of lead(II) and zinc(II) ions and the complexation of cations on the surface of the particles.     

Effect of shock wave processing on the properties of ZnS and ZnS-based phosphors

This paper describes a process for shock wave processing of ZnS powder in a closed protective metallic ampule wrapped in an explosive sheet, which is exploded to generate a shock wave. The process enables control over the shock wave energy delivered to ZnS. The method is used for ZnS preprocessing in the synthesis of zinc sulfide phosphors. The effect of shock wave processing on the particle size and crystal structure of ZnS is examined. The processing conditions are optimized so as to increase the brightness of the phosphors fabricated from the zinc sulfide.     

Carbothermic reduction of zinc sulfide in the presence of calcium oxide

The carbothermic reduction of zinc sulfide in the presence of calcium oxide has been studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area measurements. The results of XRD indicated that zinc sulfide was first transformed from β type to α type, then reacted to give an intermediate product of zinc oxide before being reduced finally to zinc vapor. The sulfur of zinc sulfide was scavenged as calcium sulfide which remained in the solid, and carbon black formed carbon monoxide. SEM showed that the zinc containing particles and carbon grains shrank gradually; the calcium containing grains swelled and sintered during the reaction. The surface area of the solid sample decreased drastically in the initial stage and then increased with reaction time; the pore volume of the solid sample was also reduced much faster initially and then increased slowly. The average pore diameter, however, increased remarkably in the initial stage, decreased and then leveled off. These results were explained by considering the phase transformation of zinc sulfide, escape of zinc vapor, gasification of carbon and expansion and sintering of calcium sulfide. A reaction mechanism and model are proposed to explain the variations in chemical composition and physical properties of the solid sample during the reaction.     

Self-assembly and alignment of semiconductor nanoparticles on cellulose nanocrystals

The synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticle chains on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) templates can be accomplished by the reaction of the precursor salts. The use of a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was critical for the synthesis of well-defined semiconductor nanoparticle chains on the surface of the CNCs. The semiconductor nanoparticle particle size and packing density on CNC surface could be controlled by the variation of the precursor concentration and the pH of the salt solution.     

水溶性ZnS量子点的共沉淀法制备、 表征及其光学性能

以硫化钠和乙酸锌为反应物,3-巯基丙酸为表面包覆剂,利用共沉淀法制备了水溶性ZnS量子点。并采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计等对样品的结构、形貌、粒径和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明:所得样品为ZnS立方型闪锌矿结构,量子点的形状呈不规则球形,粒径主要集中在4.8nm左右;样品在585～590nm之间出现了黄色荧光发射波峰。同时,利用红外光谱对ZnS量子点的合成机理进行了初步分析。     

Epitaxial Growth of Zinc Sulfide by Atomic Layer Deposition on SiC/Si Hybrid Substrates

Technical Physics Letters - Epitaxial films of zinc sulfide on silicon were obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD). In order to avoid the interaction between silicon and zinc sulfide, a...     

Ammonia-free chemical bath deposition of nanocrystalline ZnS thin film buffer layer for solar cells

In this work, we prepared zinc sulfide thin films on glass substrates by ammonia-free chemical bath deposition method using thioacetamide as the sulfide source and Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid disodium salt as the complexing agent in a solution of pH = 6.0. Thin films of ZnS with different thicknesses of 18–450 nm were prepared. The effect of film thickness and annealing temperature in atmospheric air, on optical properties, band gap energy and grain size of nanocrystals were studied. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed a cubic zinc blend structure and a diameter of about 2–5 nm for ZnS nanocrystals. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum of films revealed no peaks due to impurities. The as-deposited ZnS films had more than 70% transmittance in the visible region. The direct band gap of as-deposited films ranged from 3.68 to 3.78 eV and those of annealed films varied from 3.60 to 3.70 eV.     

THE EFFECT OF TARTRATE, A WEAK COMPLEXING AGENT, ON THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BY SULFIDE AND HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION

Industrial vastevaters generated in the electroplating and metal finishing industries typically contain toxic heavy metals. Depending on their origin, these wastewaters may also contain chelating agents, such as EDTA, NTA, citrate, tartrate, and gluconic acid. Although the major effect of complexation is an increase in the solubility of complexed metal ions, significant changes in the precipitation kinetics and particle size distribution may also contribute to the observed precipitation behavior.

This paper addresses the effect of a weak complexing agent, tartrate, on the removal of zinc and cadmium using both hydroxide and sulfide treatment. Results are presented on the removal of heavy metals from synthetic plating wastewaters. Poor zinc removals were observed in the presence of tartrate, particularly when larger filter pore sizes were employed. The results suggest that tartrate severely hinders both zinc hydroxide and zinc sulfide precipitation, resulting in the formation of very fine precipitates; this was confirmed when no zinc removal occurred even with a settling time of 30 min. For removal of cadmium, virtually no change in residual cadmium concentration was observed in the presence of tartrate (compared to the case of no complexing agents present) due to the formation of low-stability complexes.     

柠檬酸助微波水热法制备纳米ZnS及其光催化性能研究

以锌粉和硫化钠为原料,利用柠檬酸助微波水热法制备得到了纳米ZnS光催化剂。XRD、TEM、PSD、FTIR分析结果表明,获得的产品属于高纯的立方形(闪锌矿)晶相,微粒粒径小,粒径分布窄。与水热法相比,反应时间明显缩短。CBW水溶液的光催化降解活性测试结果证实,与直接水热法获得的ZnS光催化剂相比较,微波水热法制得的产品表现出更高的催化活性。