甘氨酸衍生的双介孔掺氮有序介孔炭用于超级电容器和氧气还原

掺氮多孔炭材料在电化学能量储存和转化方面具有良好的应用前景.可控的氮原子掺杂与孔结构设计对提高其性能起着重要作用.本工作利用无溶剂纳米铸造法,以甘氨酸(Gly)为单一前驱体、以SBA-15为硬模板,制备了掺氮有序介孔炭材料(N-OMCs).甘氨酸在SBA-15孔道内的限域热解对提高碳产率、氮掺杂量以及构筑双介孔结构非常...     

快速积炭法制备形貌可控的中空纳米炭材料（英文）

介绍了一种大规模制备形貌可控的中空纳米炭材料的方法。该方法以金属氧化物为模板,利用乙苯分子在金属氧化物表面高温快速产生的积炭为炭源,除去模板后可以得到具有中空结构的纳米炭材料。该方法简单、高效、低成本,具有普适性,制备过程中不需要使用昂贵的表面活性剂为炭源。利用该方法,以实验室制备的氧化锌纳米棒和商业的氧化锌纳米球为模板,分别成功的制备出中空纳米炭管和中空的纳米炭球。该合成方法可以进一步推广到制备其它形貌的中空纳米炭材料并用于催化和能量储存等领域。     

碳质材料的气体吸附性能及其在空气净化中的应用

面对日益突出的环境问题,具有稳定理化性质、高比表面积、多活性吸附位点的碳质材料可广泛应用于废气净化、水处理、溶剂回收等领域。本文重点综述了5种典型碳质材料:活性炭、活性炭纤维、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯的制备方法、气体吸附性能及其在空气净化方面的应用。传统碳质材料、其改性产物及其复合材料具有优异的污染气体吸附性能,而纳米碳质材料兼具理想的吸附效果与特殊电学性能,可用于制备气体传感器,监测污染气体含量。最后展望了新型炭材料在空气净化中的研发和应用前景。     

“碳”无止境——记2018世界炭会议

2018年国际炭会议于2018年7月1～6日在西班牙马德里举行,由西班牙炭素学会主办。共有703名来自53个国家和地区的人员出席了会议,大会收集了论文摘要794篇。包括大会报告5个,主题报告49个,口头报告337个,展报403篇。会议设置的10个主题分别为:石墨和石墨烯,先进炭材料:纳米管、富勒烯、炭纤维和碳基复合材料,煤、焦炭和炭黑,热化学转化加工,炭的制备、表征和模拟计算,电化学应用,催化应用,环境应用,气体分离和储存,健康、医药和生物领域的应用。石墨烯、碳量子点及炭气凝胶等新型炭材料基础研究深度和广度不断拓展,应用多样化更加明显;杂原子掺杂或金属氧化物负载等复合化构建碳基复合材料,仍为调控其性能及应用的重要手段;储能炭、环保炭及健康炭将是炭材料的热点应用。     

新型纳米碳材料的应用新进展

近年来,富勒烯、纳米碳管和石墨烯的发现和报道使纳米碳材料受到各界广泛地重视。新型碳材料可以显著提高复合材料的机械性能和导热性能;制备出具有特殊形貌和微观结构的电极材料,应用在电化学器件中可以改善电化学性能,提高能量转化效率;在催化剂和储氢材料方面也有良好的应用前景。主要总结了这三种纳米碳材料的优异性能及其在储氢材料、超级电容器、催化材料等领域的最新研究进展,并对其未来发展趋势予以展望。     

多孔炭的原位模板合成及其在能源领域应用

由于具有比表面积大、稳定性高、导电性好等优点,多孔炭材料在电化学能源存储和转换领域得到了广泛的应用.多孔炭材料的性能主要由其结构决定,这使得多孔炭的结构调控成为了该领域的研究前沿.除了硬模板法以外,原位模板合成策略被认为是精准调控多孔炭结构的另一种有效策略.鉴于此,本文总结了多孔炭材料的原位模板合成及其在电化学能量存储...     

南大在碳基纳米笼能源转化和存储材料研究取得系列进展

正南京大学化学化工学院胡征教授课题组在介观结构碳基纳米笼能源转化和存储材料研究方面取得系列重要进展,相关工作最近相继发表于国内外著名学术刊物。纳米碳材料研究是近年来材料科学的前沿热点,"零维"富勒烯(1985发现,1996获诺贝尔化学奖)、"一维"碳纳米管(1991发现)、"二维"石墨烯(2004发现,2010获诺贝尔物理奖)的发现提供了一系列新的碳的同素异形体。碳材料是能源存储与转化领域的基础材料,因此,新型纳米碳材料的发现极大地推动了能源领域的发展。目前,以一维碳纳米管、二维石墨烯为基础的能源应用研究已经成为潮流。     

MOF材料自模板炭化制备纳米多孔炭的研究进展（英文）

纳米多孔炭材料具有高的比表面积、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性等优点,广泛应用于气体吸附、催化和电化学等领域。尽管目前已做了大量的工作,但是以自模板策略制备纳米多孔炭材料仍存在挑战。结构多样可裁的金属有机骨架(MOF)材料具有规则可调的孔径、高的孔隙率和比表面积等优点,已被证明是制备功能化纳米多孔炭材料的理想前驱体。本文综述了近年来MOF自模板炭化制备纳米多孔炭材料的研究进展,重点介绍以炭化不同的MOF-客体类型为途径获得的多孔炭材料。这将有助于进一步定向开发功能化的新型炭材料,以优化其在更广泛应用领域的性能。     

多孔碳质材料在氧还原电催化中的应用

氧气的电化学还原(氧还原)反应是多种能量存储与转化装置中的关键电化学步骤,氧还原的难易程度决定了这些装置综合性能的好坏。氧还原反应自身的动力学过程缓慢,通常需要催化剂来提高反应速率。碳质材料在其中发挥着非常重要的作用,常见氧还原催化剂铂、钯等贵金属及近期出现的多种非贵金属,大多是负载于各种纳米碳质材料或直接利用掺杂纳米碳质材料作为催化剂,包括各种多孔炭或基于多孔炭的材料。因此,多孔碳质材料的发展对于氧还原催化剂的研究与发展起到了促进作用。本文从多孔碳质材料制备手段出发,论述了多孔碳质材料在氧还原反应的作用,涵盖了贵金属催化剂载体到非(贵)金属催化剂等方面的研究进展。与此同时,对新型碳质材料调控多孔结构的方法加以阐述,并对未来新型多孔碳质材料用于氧还原催化剂的前景和方向进行了展望。     

生物质和煤/重质油废弃物炭材料的制备及其能源存储应用进展（英文）

本文综述了生物质和废弃物制备炭材料及其在超级电容器、锂离子电池领域应用研究进展。具有天然分级结构的生物质包括海产品和农业废弃物以及煤和重质油的副产物已被广泛应用于制备炭材料的前驱体。本文介绍了多种炭材料包括零维碳量子点、一维炭纤维、二维炭纳米片以及三维炭框架结构的制备进展,并介绍了炭材料孔结构调控方法研究进展,如KOH活化法、KOH和自模板活化结合法、自活化法、自模板法以及N, O, P杂原子掺杂和共掺杂法,阐述了炭材料的孔结构和杂原子对其电化学性能的影响。最后介绍了生物质和废弃物炭在合成、结构调控、超级电容器和锂离子电池应用中面临的挑战。     

钠离子电池碳基负极材料的研究进展

由于能源资源短缺和环境问题,开发新型储能材料迫在眉睫。锂离子电池应用广泛,但其在地壳中的含量较低,限制了它的发展。钠与锂具有相似的化学性质,可以替代锂成为新一代储能材料。碳基储钠负极材料分为天然石墨、石墨烯、软碳材料和硬碳材料。重点介绍了这些碳材料的定义、存在的问题和解决方案,对碳材料的改性及其在钠离子电池中的应用有一定的指导意义。     

3D Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanomaterials as Multifunctional Metal‐Free Catalysts for Integrated Energy Devices

Sustainable and cost‐effective energy generation has become crucial for fulfilling present energy requirements. For this purpose, the development of cheap, scalable, efficient, and reliable catalysts is essential. Carbon‐based heteroatom‐doped, 3D, and mesoporous electrodes are very promising as catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Various carbon allotropes doped with a variety of heteroatoms can be utilized for cost‐effective mass production of electrode materials. 3D porous carbon electrodes provide multiple advantages, such as large surface area, maximized exposure to active sites, 3D conductive pathways for efficient electron transport, and porous channels to facilitate electrolyte diffusion. However, it is challenging to synthesize and functionalize isotropic 3D carbon structures. Here, various synthesis processes of 3D porous carbon materials are summarized to understand how their physical and chemical properties together with heteroatom doping dictate the electrochemical catalytic performance. Prospects of attractive 3D carbon structural materials for energy conversion and efficient integrated energy systems are also discussed.     

新型碳材料质子交换膜燃料电池Pt催化剂载体的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有能量转换效率高、功率密度大、室温启动快、噪音低和零污染等特点, 有望减少二氧化碳排放量, 缓解能源危机, 在轨道交通、航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用前景。催化剂是PEMFC的关键材料, Pt催化氧还原反应活性和稳定性好, 是广泛使用且很难被取代的电催化剂。然而Pt储量低、价格昂贵, 导致PEMFC成本较高, 使用Pt载体可减少PEMFC的Pt负载量, 提高Pt利用率。碳材料具有成本低廉、比表面积大、孔结构丰富、电导率和表面性质可调等特性, 是广泛应用的Pt载体。商用的炭黑载体对Pt的利用效率低, 抗电化学腐蚀性较差。为了进一步提高PEMFC的性能和持续性, 需要研发能够均匀负载Pt、高效利用Pt、抗电化学腐蚀性强且导电性好的碳载体, 进而实现PEMFC的大规模应用。炭气凝胶、碳纳米管和石墨烯等新型碳载体具有独特的结构和性质, 可以提高PEMFC性能和寿命, 引起了研究者的广泛关注。本文对近年来PEMFC新型碳材料Pt载体的研究进展进行了较为详细的综述, 并对其发展趋势作出了适当评论。     

Carbon-Based Nanocages: A New Platform for Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion

Energy storage and conversion play a crucial role in modern energy systems, and the exploration of advanced electrode materials is vital but challenging. Carbon-based nanocages consisting of sp² carbon shells feature a hollow interior cavity with sub-nanometer microchannels across the shells, high specific surface area with a defective outer surface, and tunable electronic structure, much different from the intensively studied nanocarbons such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. These structural and morphological characteristics make carbon-based nanocages a new platform for advanced energy storage and conversion. Up-to-date synthetic strategies of carbon-based nanocages, the utilization of their unique porous structure and morphology for the construction of composites with foreign active species, and their significant applications to the advanced energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Structure–performance correlations are discussed in depth to highlight the contribution of carbon-based nanocages. The research challenges and trends are also envisaged for deepening and extending the study and application of this multifunctional material.     

Toward an Aqueous Solar Battery: Direct Electrochemical Storage of Solar Energy in Carbon Nitrides

Graphitic carbon nitrides have emerged as an earth‐abundant family of polymeric materials for solar energy conversion. Herein, a 2D cyanamide‐functionalized polyheptazine imide (NCN‐PHI) is reported, which for the first time enables the synergistic coupling of two key functions of energy conversion within one single material: light harvesting and electrical energy storage. Photo‐electrochemical measurements in aqueous electrolytes reveal the underlying mechanism of this “solar battery” material: the charge storage in NCN‐PHI is based on the photoreduction of the carbon nitride backbone and charge compensation is realized by adsorption of alkali metal ions within the NCN‐PHI layers and at the solution interface. The photoreduced carbon nitride can thus be described as a battery anode operating as a pseudocapacitor, which can store light‐induced charge in the form of long‐lived, “trapped” electrons for hours. Importantly, the potential window of this process is not limited by the water reduction reaction due to the high intrinsic overpotential of carbon nitrides for hydrogen evolution, potentially enabling new applications for aqueous batteries. Thus, the feasibility of light‐induced electrical energy storage and release on demand by a one‐component light‐charged battery anode is demonstrated, which provides a sustainable solution to overcome the intermittency of solar radiation.     

Rational Design of Carbon‐Rich Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

Carbon‐rich materials have drawn tremendous attention toward a wide spectrum of energy applications due to their superior electronic mobility, good mechanical strength, ultrahigh surface area, and more importantly, abundant diversity in structure and components. Herein, rationally designed and bottom‐up constructed carbon‐rich materials for energy storage and conversion are discussed. The fundamental design principles are itemized for the targeted preparation of carbon‐rich materials and the latest remarkable advances are summarized in terms of emerging dimensions including sp² carbon fragment manipulation, pore structure modulation, topological defect engineering, heteroatom incorporation, and edge chemical regulation. In this respect, the corresponding structure–property relationships of the resultant carbon‐rich materials are comprehensively discussed. Finally, critical perspectives on future challenges of carbon‐rich materials are presented. The progress highlighted here will provide meaningful guidance on the precise design and targeted synthesis of carbon‐rich materials, which are of critical importance for the achievement of performance characteristics highly desirable for urgent energy deployment.     

A review: carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile and their applications

Carbon nanofibers with diameters that fall into submicron and nanometer range have attracted growing attention in recent years due to their superior chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties in combination with their unique 1D nanostructures. Unlike catalytic synthesis, electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) followed by stabilization and carbonization has become a straightforward and convenient route to make continuous carbon nanofibers. This paper is a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review of the latest advances made in development and application of electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofibers. Our goal is to demonstrate an objective and overall picture of current research work on both functional carbon nanofibers and high-strength carbon nanofibers from the viewpoint of a materials scientist. Strategies to make a variety of carbon nanofibrous materials for energy conversion and storage, catalysis, sensor, adsorption/separation, and biomedical applications as well as attempts to achieve high-strength carbon nanofibers are addressed.     

Multifunctional Carbon Fibre Tapes for Automotive Composites

Cabon fibre composites are used where mechanical performance such as strength, stiffness and impact properties at low density is a critical parameter for engineering applications. Carbon fibre flat tape is one material which is traditionally used to manufacture three-dimensional composites in this area. Modifying the carbon fibre tape to incorporate other functions such as stealth, electromagnetic interference, shielding, de-icing, self-repair, energy storage, allows us to create multi-functional carbon fibre tape. Researchers have been developing such material and the technology for their manufacture in order to produce multifunctional carbon fibre based components more economically and efficiently. This paper presents the manufacturing process of a metallised carbon fibre material for a chopped fibre preforming process that uses electromagnets for preforming instead of traditional suction airflow fibre deposition. In addition, the paper further presents mechanical and magneto-static modelling that is carried out to investigate the bending properties of the material produced and its suitability for creating 3D preforms.     

第十届海峡两岸炭材料学术研讨会顺利召开

第十届海峡两岸炭材料学术讨论会于2012年8月1～4日在内蒙古科技大学举行.会议由北京清华大学和内蒙古科技大学共同组办.北京清华大学康飞宇教授,内蒙古科技大学安胜利教授和台湾逢甲大学柯泽豪教授共同担任大会主席.