区块链在产品溯源和包装防伪上的应用进展

目的 探究区块链技术在产品溯源和包装防伪上的应用现状,以期为区块链防伪溯源体系的研究和建立提供参考。方法 整理国内外文献,系统分析区块链技术的来源和发展,概述区块链技术在实现防伪溯源上的机理;然后总结在食品包装、电子存证和处方药溯源的相关应用研究。结果 相比传统的防伪和溯源手段,区块链技术解决了防伪标签不可靠和溯源信息不完整等问题,其赋能于食品供应链溯源,不仅依靠分布式存储机制保存电子证据,还将处方药溯源和电子病历相结合,实现全生命周期溯源。结论 区块链技术有效解决消费者对食品安全的信任问题,实现可靠且高效的电子存证,为未来医药一体化打下坚实基础。     

Challenges in integrating requirements management with PLM

Nowadays, requirements management (RQM) is mostly not included in the current structures of product lifecycle management (PLM) systems, although RQM has become a critical activity throughout the PLM. Customer requirements with all related product information need not only be integrated with each other, but with all processes and stakeholders involved through the related business functions of product lifecycle. In this paper, we examine the various challenges of RQM, especially related to PLM. Company-specific challenges are identified, when integrating RQM with PLM in a case company acting in the automotive industry. The objective of this study is to find out how product-related information on customer requirements could better be utilised and integrated with PLM. We propose a new integration framework according to which the challenges at different integration levels are categorised. As a final conclusion, the study shows the core points where and how the concepts of PLM and RQM should be developed, as to create requirements integrated solutions for extended products and systems through the lifecycle.     

amePLM: a platform providing information provision in engineering

The procedure for the engineering of products and production systems in manufacturing companies is often distributed over several organisational units. The different units involved in these procedures use their respective methods and tools, resulting in silo-like and distributed information and data sources for engineering. In this paper, the open platform amePLM is introduced. This platform is based on a semantic data model. The ontology as explicitly formulated data model allows an integrated view on data and information available in the systems used along the product lifecycle, and the automatic provision of suitable information to the user. Furthermore, this open approach allows the linking of the solution to existing engineering software systems in the sense of a continuous flow of information.     

An effective technique for the software requirements analysis of NPP safety-critical systems, based on software inspection, requirements traceability, and formal specification

A thorough requirements analysis is indispensable for developing and implementing safety-critical software systems such as nuclear power plant (NPP) software systems because a single error in the requirements can generate serious software faults. However, it is very difficult to completely analyze system requirements. In this paper, an effective technique for the software requirements analysis is suggested. For requirements verification and validation (V&V) tasks, our technique uses software inspection, requirement traceability, and formal specification with structural decomposition. Software inspection and requirements traceability analysis are widely considered the most effective software V&V methods. Although formal methods are also considered an effective V&V activity, they are difficult to use properly in the nuclear fields as well as in other fields because of their mathematical nature. In this work, we propose an integrated environment (IE) approach for requirements, which is an integrated approach that enables easy inspection by combining requirement traceability and effective use of a formal method. The paper also introduces computer-aided tools for supporting IE approach for requirements. Called the nuclear software inspection support and requirements traceability (NuSISRT), the tool incorporates software inspection, requirement traceability, and formal specification capabilities. We designed the NuSISRT to partially automate software inspection and analysis of requirement traceability. In addition, for the formal specification and analysis, we used the formal requirements specification and analysis tool for nuclear engineering (NuSRS).     

Digital twin of composite assembly manufacturing process

Industry is facing the management of geometrical deviations along the entire lifecycle of the product. It is helped by digital twin tools that may minimise the geometrical deviations from nominal of products. The new digital twin tools allow to manage geometrical variations through a set of steps fully related by modern information and communication technologies that establish a continuous and unambiguous flow of information among the different steps of this digital process along the whole product lifecycle. They are based on data coming from manufacturing, assembly and inspection. The available large data sets from manufacturing and inspection allow to develop new and more accurate simulation models that realistically consider form deviations and process signature, i.e. the pattern left by the manufacturing process on the produced part surfaces. The present work introduces a digital twin tool to support the lightweight design of assemblies in composite material. It establishes a continuous and unambiguous flow of variation information from the part design to assembly, passing through manufacturing by considering the manufacturing signature. It was applied to a case study and the obtained results agree with the experimental ones.     

中央厨房冷链质量安全标准及可追溯信息技术应用

从食品冷链现代化和食品安全出发,建立中央厨房冷链物流质量管理的理论框架,把质量管理的领域拓展到产品整个生命周期.依据冷链物流质量安全管理理论,建立明确的质量安全标准,并通过可追溯信息化技术的应用,协助中央厨房获取冷链质量安全管理需求,并以更有效的方式快速地响应需求,支持中央厨房通过实现产品创新、管理创新、服务创新来提高顾客的满意度,从而保持并扩大企业产品的市场份额,提高企业的综合竞争力.     

面向产品全生命周期管理的商务智能（BIfPLM）研究

为充分利用、发掘产品全生命周期各个阶段产生的大规模数据和信息,提高分析智能性和决策能力,提出了面向产品全生命周期管理的商务智能．（BIfPLM）概念．总结分析了产品全生命周期各个阶段的主要数据和信息,系统地阐述了BIfPLM的概念,分析了BIfPLM的作用,建立了BIfPLM系统的体系结构,并对体系结构中的数据仓库设计、ETL过程实现和前端分析应用实现进行了探讨．     

Analysis and modelling of intertemporal relationships in lifecycle design: a case study for investment goods

The relevance of integrating the features of product operation and disposal in product design is growing very strongly in the business-to-business sector, as the purchasers of long-life products increasingly base their buying decision on a lifecycle ??prism??. Within the lifecycle several relationships exist, which may be of oppositional or complementary nature and face the designer with the problem of making decisions crucial to the entire lifecycle. This paper suggests an approach to modelling several cost interdependencies between different lifecycle stages, as available models of lifecycle design do not include these relationships. This developed approach was validated in a case study focused on the design improvement of an investment good aiming at the lowering of operating costs. The case study confirms the structure of the modelled relationships and delivers the first detailed analysis of the relationship between design costs and operating costs.     

产品数据动态管理模型研究

产品信息及其相关过程的复杂性是产品数据管理的难点所在。本文根据产品数据环境这一特点，提出数据对象、对象关系以及处理数据的过程是产品数据管理的核心内容。研究了产品数据对象间关系的描述方法，引入对象生命周期法的概念，深入分析了对象生命周期法及过程描述法的区别，并给出了将二者结合起来共同描述产品数据动态性的方法。     

人机工程学在家具设计中的应用

通过对家具设计中的人机因素分析,即尺度、形态、功能、色彩四方面的具体分析,寻求家具设计与人机工程学的关系,从而论证目前家具设计中人机工程学应用的一些局限性,即学科内涵与目标的矛盾、共性原则与个性需求的矛盾、统计与个案的矛盾以及合理与合情的矛盾,通过对这些应用矛盾的透析,探求出家具设计中人机工程学应用的原则,从而最终为产品设计中人机工程学的应用探索出一条道路.     

面向产品可追溯性的批次清单构建研究

针对缺陷产品进行召回管理的迫切性,指出了产品可追溯性研究的必要性,在总结和借鉴已有产品可追溯性研究的基础之上,给出了产品可追溯性的定义.基于以上讨论,提出并深入分析了批次清单的概念,以及通过构建批次清单实现产品可追溯性的方法;给出了基于关系型数据库的单层批次清单的数据库设计方法.     

食品包装设计的魅力研究

目的 研究食品包装设计中提升包装魅力的方法。方法 将“魅力”引入食品包装设计的范畴,拓宽魅力的专属范围。通过阐述魅力的概念以及魅力与食品包装的关系、分析食品包装中魅力的构成元素,结合具体食品包装设计案例探讨魅力在食品包装设计中的表现形式,分析魅力食品包装对消费者产生的影响。同时,提出魅力包装必须依据食品的内容与形式,归纳提升现代食品包装魅力的设计方法。结论 将食品包装设计与魅力结合,突破以往分析与评价食品包装设计的角度,能为食品包装设计提供有意义的参考。优秀的食品包装不但具备极高的审美价值,给消费者带来美的享受与乐趣,而且可提升产品的品牌价值与企业形象,食品包装的魅力营造决定着产品的销售功能,它是最具说服力的食品广告。     

Smart,connected open architecture product: an IT-driven co-creation paradigm with lifecycle personalization concerns

Nowadays, the emphasis on manufacturing has shifted from a manufacturer-dominating to a customer-centric manner by actively involving users into the co-creation process to realise individual satisfaction. In such era, the rapid development of information and communication technology (e.g. wireless sensor network, and cyber-physical systems) enables a promising market of IT-driven product, i.e. smart, connected product, and also changes the way of user–manufacturer interaction in the product development process. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, co-creation manner in such context is scarcely reported. Meanwhile, there is a lack of any paradigms given to enable such product open innovation along the lifecycle for personalisation concerns. Aiming to fill this gap, this paper, as an explorative research, proposes a new product development paradigm, i.e. smart, connected open architecture product (SCOAP). It follows the adaptable design principles for product extendibility and lifecycle consideration. Moreover, it enlarges the scope of existing open architecture product by involving IT-driven innovation consideration as well. Hence, the definitions, characteristics, evaluation criteria, development method, and lifecycle co-creation context of SCOAP are presented in details. To make it more concrete, a demo project of a smart, connected open architecture bicycle is given at last.     

基于全球统一标识系统的食品安全追溯体系实施战略研究

在全球经济一体化的背景下,食品安全问题已成为全球性的战略问题。福建省实施食品安全追溯存在着诸如相应法律法规缺失、各自编码导致信息＂孤岛＂、成本增加与效益分析之间难以权衡等问题,应从加强商品条码立法工作、引导企业采用全球统一标识系统规范编码与加大对企业实施食品安全追溯工作的资金扶持力度三方面来加快食品安全追溯工作的实施。     

区块链在食品接触用塑料包装溯源系统的应用

目的 为了解决食品接触用塑料包装在整个流通过程中信息不全面、不及时、易篡改、追溯数据真实性和完整性无法保证等问题,提出一种基于区块链的二维码技术,应用于食品接触用塑料包装溯源管理系统。方法 从目前区块链的应用分析,对区块链技术在食品接触用塑料包装溯源管理相结合的可行性和必要性进行分析。结果 解决了传统食品接触用塑料包装数据容易被篡改、盗用和真实性不足等问题,实现了食品接触材料全过程数据溯源,保证了食品质量安全。结论 可将区块链技术应用于追溯系统的数据存储、信息传递及验证模式。     

运用区块链提升军用食品供应链可信溯源水平的思考

目的 进一步提升军用食品供应链可信溯源水平。方法 借助区块链技术交易透明、防篡改可追溯、保护隐私安全等特性,借鉴世界先进经验,构建军用食品供应链可信溯源方案架构。结果 实现溯源信息防篡改、供应链全流程可追溯、各主体共同维护、数据分散保存,并提出相关配套措施。结论 运用区块链技术构建军用食品供应链可信溯源方案架构,显著提升军用食品供应链可信溯源水平。     

The Use of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in Packaging Systems: Experimental Research on Traceability

This paper focuses on the analysis of the internal flow traceability of goods (products and/or packages) along the supply chain by Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology. Traditionally, the traceability system is performed through the asynchronous fulfilment of checkpoints (i.e. doorways) by materials. In such cases, the tracking is manual, executed by operators that manually trace the path. Often, companies are not aware of the inefficiencies because of these traceability systems such as low precision and accuracy in measurements (i.e. no information between doorways), more time spent by operators and costs (due to the full effort of operators who have to search for the good positions and movements). In order to overcome these limitations, automatic identification procedures have been introduced in many service industries, purchasing and distribution logistics, manufacturing companies and material flow systems. Automatic identification procedures can also be applied to the packaging of products, instead of to each item contained in the package. Sometimes, products are very expensive, and packages contain important and critical goods (e.g. dangerous or explosive materials); thus, the tracking of goods – and packages in particular – is a critical function. In order to analyse the traceability of the packaging system, the authors have developed an innovative system based on Radio Frequency IDentification‐Ultra Wide Band (RFID‐UWB) technology. A prototype of this system has been realized and used for an experimental research that has consisted of several tests (static and dynamic), tracing the position (static) and movements (dynamic) of products and in particular packages in indoor environments, in continuous and in real time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向密封材料行业的产品生命周期信息集成研究

为促进密封材料行业产品生命周期管理中的信息集成,提高信息共享和利用的水平,构建了面向密封材料行业的产品生命周期信息集成平台,建立了基于企业服务总线(ESB)的信息集成体系框架,并探讨了ESB架构下的服务构建与实现问题.介绍了面向密封材料行业的产品生命周期信息集成平台应用实例.     

The integration of lightweight representation and annotation for collaborative design representation

Today companies face the unprecedented challenges of a global market, collaborative environments and the concept of management of the entire product life cycle. In supporting this, the challenge is not only how to utilize information management policies, but also how to develop product representation methods to meet the new demands including platform/application independence, support for the product lifecycle, assisting generation of viewpoint-specific representations, rapid sharing of information between geographically distributed applications and users, and protection of commercial security (intellectual property). This paper proposes a product representation approach using the strengths of lightweight representation and annotation and markup practices to allow the association of product data from throughout the lifecycle with the geometric form of the product. The approach, called Lightweight Model with Multi-layer Annotation (LIMMA), integrates the concept of lightweight representation with annotation of boundary-representations (b-rep) of a product and the use of a formalised markup language (XML). Examples of annotation layers and development of models through-life are given, based on the LIMMA approach.     

航空武器装备PLM概念模型设计

针对航空武器装备产品生命周期各阶段的任务和内容,分析指出了航空武器装备PLM中的信息流动和交互模式,设计了一种航空武器装备PLM的概念模型.该模型充分考虑了航空武器装备生命周期过程中信息与流程的集成与管理,支持协同、并行的产品全生命周期过程.最后描述了其中的关键技术和功能模块.