纳米碳化硅基复相陶瓷的分散和烧结技术研究进展

碳化硅陶瓷是一种高性能的陶瓷,具有高强度、高硬度、耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、高热导率、低热膨胀以及低密度等性能,广泛应用于各个工业领域以及航空航天领域.从纳米复相陶瓷制备过程中的分散方法以及碳化硅基陶瓷的烧结方法与烧结助剂等方面详细论述了目前有关碳化硅基纳米复相陶瓷的研究进展.     

Al2O3/SiC纳米复相陶瓷材料的研究进展

Al2O3/SiC纳米复相陶瓷由于具有优异的室温及高温机械性能而成为结构陶瓷领域研究的热点.本文就Al2O3/SiC纳米复相陶瓷的不同制备加工方式及增强增韧机理进行了详细的阐述.其中粉体的均匀混合是制备过程的关键因素,残余应力及裂纹偏转导致的穿晶断裂以及裂纹尖端SiC颗粒的桥联作用是复相陶瓷强度和韧性增加的主导因素.     

含h-BN复相陶瓷制备及性能研究进展

陶瓷材料密度低、抗腐蚀性及耐磨性良好,但是其硬而脆导致加工困难、抗热震性差。h-BN具有弹性模量低、硬度低的特点,其可加工性能和抗热震性能优异。将h-BN引入陶瓷基体制备含h-BN复相陶瓷,能够有效改善陶瓷材料的可加工性能和抗热震性。对含h-BN复相陶瓷的材料体系、制备工艺和性能的研究一直备受关注。本文以h-BN的引入方式为分类依据较全面地总结了含h-BN复相陶瓷的制备方法。本文对引入h-BN后所制备的含h-BN复相陶瓷的常规力学性能、抗热震性、可加工性、透波性、摩擦磨损等性能的影响进行了综述;对含h-BN复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究中存在的问题进行了概括,并对该材料体系的研究方向提出了建议。     

TiB_2基复相陶瓷材料的研究进展

TiB2由于具有高强度、高硬度、耐磨损、耐腐蚀等优点而被广泛研究。综述了近年TiB2及其复相陶瓷的研究现状;介绍了几种TiB2基复相陶瓷材料,并详细说明了它们的强度、硬度等力学性能以及制备方法;分析了陶瓷致密化技术、增强增韧技术以及特种陶瓷分类研究的应用要求,并总结了当前复相陶瓷的研究热点。     

新型复合陶瓷刀具材料研究

单相陶瓷材料由于脆性高、强度低、韧性低等原因,已远远不能满足生产的需要.近年来,陶瓷材料研究专家发现向单相陶瓷基体中添加第二相或者更多相,特别是向基体内添加微米、纳米相将极大地改善材料的力学性能和化学稳定性,因此研制新型纳米复合陶瓷材料是目前研究的一个热点.因此,作者以WC(粒径0.4μm)为基体,以ZrO2(粒径0.04μm)为粘结相,以纳米TiC(粒径0.14μm)为增强相,并添加部分晶粒生长抑制剂,在氮气保护下利用热压烧结工艺成功制备了WC基复合陶瓷材料.     

纳米陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能

综述了近年来国内外关于纳米陶瓷复材料的研究进展，着重介绍了纳米陶瓷复合材料的制备技术，力学性能的改进情况以及微观结构特点，指出发展纳米陶瓷复合材料是改善陶瓷材料强韧性和高温力学性能的有效途径。     

可加工复相陶瓷材料的研究现状与发展

介绍可加工复相陶瓷的研究发展现状。着重介绍可加工BN系复相陶瓷的研究现状与发展。主要论述可加工BN系复相陶瓷的制备工艺过程及力学性能和可加工性能等。对可加工复相陶瓷材料的研究发展方向作分析和预测。     

高性能可加工3Y-TZP/BN纳米复相陶瓷的制备

利用化学包覆和热压烧结制备出3Y-TZP/BN纳米复相陶瓷,BN体积分数分别为10%～30%.XRD和TEM揭示,大长径比的纳米h-BN颗粒均匀分布在ZrO2晶界;与原始尺寸相比,ZrO2晶粒没有明显长大.与对应的微米复相陶瓷相比较,3Y-TZP/BN纳米复相陶瓷的弯曲强度及断裂韧性得到显著提高.当BN的体积分数达到20%时,复相陶瓷可用WC刀具容易地加工.BN的体积分数达到30%时,3Y-TZP/BN纳米复相陶瓷具有最佳的综合性能:弯曲强度为774MPa,断裂韧性为7.85MPa·m1/2,以及优异的可加工性能.     

由聚碳硅烷生成纳米SiC颗粒增强B4C基复相陶瓷的结构与性能

制备了由聚碳硅烷（PCS）为先驱体裂解形成的纳米SiC增强的B₄C基复合材料,并与直接球磨混合法制备的纳米SiC增强的B₄C基复合材料进行了对比研究.实验结果表明,先驱体法制备的复合材料形成一种复杂的晶内/晶间结构;B₄C内部的纳米SiC和Al₂O₃内部的少量纳米SiC、晶界处的层片状SiC、B₄C晶粒内部的SiC亚晶界结构.材料的断裂方式以穿晶断裂为主,形成晶内裂纹扩展路径,增强了材料的韧性.采用PCS为先驱体工艺制备高性能的纳米复相陶瓷,其组织均匀性、致密度和力学性能均优于直接机械混合制备的纳米复合材料.     

纳米陶瓷研究进展

20世纪80年代中期发展起来的纳米陶瓷,对陶瓷材料的性能产生了重要的影响,为陶瓷材料的利用开拓了一个新的领域,已成为材料科学研究的热点之一.综述了国内外纳米陶瓷的研究动态,介绍了纳米陶瓷粉末的制备、表征,以及纳米陶瓷的性能和应用.     

Far-from-Equilibrium Processing of Multiphase Ceramic Nanocomposites

A new far-from-equilibrium processing methodology has been developed to produce multiphase nanocomposite ceramics. The proposed method uses the following steps: (a) spray drying of commercially available powders to make flowable multicomponent feed powder aggregates, (b) plasma melting and quenching to generate dense and homogeneous metastable powders, and (c) pressure assisted consolidation of these powders to make dense nanocomposite ceramics. By controlling of process parameters, inherent superplasticity of these powders can be used to aid in densification process. In this article, results on multiphase zirconia- and alumina-based ceramics will be presented.     

压电陶瓷晶粒取向生长技术的研究进展

由于取向生长技术可以显著地提高压电陶瓷的性能, 并且不会降低材料的居里温度, 故压电陶瓷的晶粒取向生长技术已成为研究的热点. 本文分别从定向凝固技术、多层晶粒生长技术、模板晶粒生长技术和反应模板晶粒生长技术等四个方面,归纳和分析了近年来压电陶瓷晶粒取向生长技术的研究进展,并对压电陶瓷晶粒取向生长技术今后的研究和发展提出一些建议.     

纳米复相陶瓷的制备、显微结构和性能

从纳米复相陶瓷的分类、材料的设计和制备以及材料的微观结构和性能等方面对纳米复相陶瓷进行了详细的阐述,并提出通过纳米和微米复合相互结合以及控制调节材料中晶粒形状和大小来改善瓷体性能的设想．     

陶瓷成型技术及应用

由于对陶瓷材料的性能要求的提高,传统的成型方法制备的陶瓷已经不能完全满足现代工业的需求,随着学科间交流的广泛,各种新的陶瓷成型工艺不断涌现。本文以制品形状为分类标准,综述了国内外目前研究活跃的多种干法成型、湿法成型方法,并讨论了今后陶瓷成型工艺的发展趋势。     

Grain boundary strength in non-cubic ceramic polycrystals with misfitting intragranular inclusions (nanocomposites)

The residual stress distribution in polycrystalline ceramics with thermal expansion anisotropy and misfitting intragranular dispersion is studied through micromechanical simulation. The effective grain boundary strength under remote tension is derived from the stability of a grain-boundary microcrack with thermal elastic residual stresses. This result is then applied to the strength and fracture properties of a two-phase nanocomposite (5 vol% SiC-Al₂O₃). The residual stresses from misfitting dispersion increase the effective grain boundary strength of the nanocomposite from 1.5 to 5 times more than that of the single-phase polycrystal, depending on the grain size of the matrix phase. The residual stresses reduce the instability range of microcrack precursors at grain junctions and increase the initial level of driving force for critical microcrack extension. Predicted strengthening of grain boundaries leads, in turn, to the superior inert strength of unnotched nanocomposite.     

Spark plasma sintering of silicon nitride using nanocomposite particles

The spark plasma sintering (SPS) of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) was investigated using nanocomposite particles composed of submicron-size α-Si₃N₄ and nano-size sintering aids of 5 wt% Y₂O₃ and 2 wt% MgO prepared through a mechanical treatment. As a result of the SPS, Si₃N₄ ceramics with a higher density were obtained using the nanocomposite particles compared with a powder mixture prepared using conventional wet ball-milling. The shrinkage curve of the powder compact prepared using the mechanical treatment was also different from that prepared using the ball-milling, because the formation of the secondary phase identified by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and liquid phase was influenced by the presence of the sintering aids in the powder compact. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed that elongated grain structure in the Si₃N₄ ceramics with the nanocomposite particles was more developed than that using the powder mixture and ball-milling because of the enhancement of the densification and α-β phase transformation. The fracture toughness was improved by the development of the microstructure using the nanocomposite particles as the raw material. Consequently, it was shown that the powder design of the Si₃N₄ and sintering aids is important to fabricate denser Si₃N₄ ceramics with better mechanical properties using SPS.     

METHODS FOR BRAZING CERAMIC AND METAL-CERAMIC JOINTS

Owing to improved manufacturing processes technical ceramics on the basis of oxide as well as nonoxide ceramics have gained an increasing technical potential. Among other joining techniques brazing has proved to be the most flexible joining process that can easily be adapted to various ceramic-metal-combinations. In order to induce a wetting reaction there are two different approaches. The more complicated process encircles a pre-metallization process and a subsequent brazing process. The less sophisticated process is the 'active brazing process' where special brazing alloys are employed that are able to wet ceramic base materials. Although both joining processes are very flexible there are restrictions regarding the filler metals to be used, the premetallization process and the actual (active-) brazing process.     

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9基纳米复合材料的共沉淀合成与氧离子导电性

用化学共沉淀法制备了Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9-La_9.33Si₆O₂₆纳米复合氧离子导电材料,通过X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对合成材料的相结构进行了分析,利用交流阻抗分析测试研究了材料的离子导电性. 结果表明,纳米复合材料的煅烧粉末的平均晶粒尺寸为20nm、烧结陶瓷体的平均晶粒尺寸为44nm;700℃时,纳米复合导电体的离子导电率为0.25Ω/cm;在整个测试温度范围内,纳米复合导电体比纯La_9.33Si₆O₂₆提高了3个以上数量级,并高于纯相Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9的导电性.     

Polymer nanocomposite foams

Polymer nanocomposite foams have received increasingly attention in both scientific and industrial communities. The combination of functional nanoparticles and supercritical fluid foaming technology has a high potential to generate a new class of materials that are lightweight, high strength and multifunctional. A small amount of well-dispersed nanoparticles in the polymer domain may serve as the nucleation sites to facilitate the bubble nucleation process. Moreover, the nano-scaled particles are suitable for micro-scaled reinforcement, thus achieving the macroscopic mechanical enhancement. In this paper, we will first briefly review the synthesis and processing techniques of nanocomposites based on polymers that are important in the foam industry. Both thermoplastic and thermoset nanocomposite foams will be addressed. This is followed by an introduction of various foaming techniques. The effect of nanoparticles on the foam morphology and properties is then discussed. We conclude with the current and future trends of nanocomposite foams in both industrial and biomedical applications.     

凝胶注模成型工艺及其在微波介质陶瓷中的应用

系统地叙述了凝胶注模成型工艺的工艺过程、主要用料和工艺过程中一些关键条件的控制,对其工艺特点进行了说明,并在多方面与其它几种常用的成型方法进行比较;简单介绍了微波介质陶瓷的发展过程和成型工艺的研究现状;详细分析了凝胶注模成型工艺的成型原理和将其应用于微波介质陶瓷领域的优势,并对其应用前景进行了展望.