菊花微弱电信号的神经网络预测

依据菊花(Dendranthema morifolium)植物电信号小波软阈值消噪后的数据,进行了其电信号时间序列的高斯径向基函数(RBF)神经网络预测.菊花植物电信号是一种微弱低频非平稳信号,最大幅值1 093.44μV,最小为-605.35μV,均值-11.94μV;功率谱分布为0-0.2 Hz.该结果说明,利用RBF人工神经网络对植物微弱电信号进行短期预测是可行的,其预测数据可作为以节能为目标依据植物自适应电信号特性建立温室和/或塑料大棚智能自动化控制系统的重要参数.     

植物电信号测试研究进展

综述了植物电信号研究的三个发展时期和未来研究趋势,广义的植物电信号概念就是能够记录到的植物细胞或组织电位发生波动以及相应的电流、电阻、电容等信号.论述了正常植物生理活动中的植物电信号为微弱低频信号,为小于5 Hz的"微伏"量级(1~999μV).破译绿色植物电信号特征就是深入解读植物生命信息,旨在为今后构建植物电信号自适应智能化控制系统,实现"节能减排"式农作物、蔬菜等的工厂化生产智能化自动控制研究奠定基础.     

樟树电信号计量特性表征的植物营养生长信息传导机制

采用自制的双重屏蔽微弱电信号测试系统,对木本植物樟树茎干从外到内的韧皮部、形成层和木质部三层生长信息的电信号进行测试计量分析.樟树信息传递是一种微弱、低频的非平稳信号.形成层信号的时域波形密且波动大、方向可变,其能耗较小(-127.7556~87.8689μV),表明其细胞生长信息反应迅速,主要是以满足快速、适时向内分生木质细胞和向外分生韧皮细胞的生理需要.韧皮和木质部的波动较小,相对平滑,能耗大(为380~4500μV),实为适应韧皮部中筛管由上而下逆向平周高能耗输送合成大分子有机物的需要;而木质部中的导管由下而上输送相对较小分子的水分和无机盐,其耗能明显小于韧皮细胞.     

植物微弱电波信号的时、频域分析

在时域和频域上对植物电波信号进行了分析.植物电波信号的幅值处于μV级量级,是一种微弱信号;随时间变化剧烈,在不同时刻的取值关系松散;植物电波信号属于低频信号,其功率谱主要分布在小于5 Hz这一频段.     

君子兰叶片电信号的初步研究

首次采用铂电极测定了君子兰叶片的微弱电信号,在增益设置为200倍,时间常数为5s,滤波设置为30Hz时,测得在起始阶段植物信号渐增后趋于平稳,之后此条件下不再有任何变化,且一天内植物信号波形在同一测点的峰峰值在几个到十几个mV间变化;当将增益设置增大到80000倍时,可以看到植物信号微弱部分的变化,可看出此信号为叠加有噪声的随机信号,经过初步统计峰峰值在10～150μV.     

液相色谱法测定花生酱中植物生长调节剂

采用固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定花生酱中的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和α-萘乙酸(NAA)三种植物生长调节剂。无水硫酸钠作分散剂、甲醇作萃取剂。色谱条件:Diamonsil C18柱;甲醇-水(55:45,V/V,甲酸调PH=3.0)为流动相;流速:1.0mL/min;检测波长:272nm。在0.50～100μg/mL范围内线性良好。方法检出限均为1.25μg/g,平均回收率为98.97%、86.41%和84.24%,相对标准偏差为2.23%、1.75%和1.90%。     

经穴电刺激诱发的脑-肌电信号相干性研究

为探索自主动作和穴位电刺激诱发的大脑皮层活动与肌肉收缩之间的功能耦合作用,设计穴位电刺激和自主动作两种实验模式,分别采集对应的脑电信号和表面肌电信号,对信号进行预处理得到纯净的诱发脑电和肌电信号.然后进行小波变换,获得信号的小波谱和小波交叉谱,计算小波相干系数,分析脑电和肌电信号的时-频相干特性.结果表明:穴位电刺激诱发的脑-肌电相干性主要集中在15~25 Hz信号频段,对应于大脑β节律;而自主动作下的脑-肌电相干性集中在30~36Hz频段,对应于大脑γ节律;不同导联的脑-肌电信号相干特性,表明穴位电刺激诱发的腕部肌肉动作与对侧大脑运动区相干性最强.该研究为运动功能康复和智能假肢开发奠定了基础.     

多制冷剂、宽电压范围工业空调用转子式压缩机设计

针对客户希望同一款工业空调能够实现不同制冷量的要求,提出一种多制冷剂、宽电压范围转子式压缩机,并通过理论分析和试验研究多制冷剂、宽电压范围定速压缩机的设计要点,开发一款电源为三相380~415 V 50 Hz/380~460 V 60 Hz,制冷量在3.9~9.5 kW范围内可兼容R410A/R407C/R134a这3种制冷剂的转子式压缩机,并已实现批量生产。     

长春花微弱电信号的ARIMA模型

依据长春花(Catharanthus roseus)植物电信号小波软阈值消噪后的数据进行其电信号时间序列的求和自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型分析.长春花植物微弱低频电信号的模型是Xt=2Xt-1+Xt-2+tε-0.119 04tε-1-0.361 83tε-2-0.155 47tε-3-0.363 66tε-4.长春花电信号幅值后向10个点的真实值与预测值的相对误差小于15%,表明利用自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型对植物微弱电信号特性进行预测是可行的.预测数据可作为以节能为目标依据植物自适应电信号特性建立温室和/或塑料大棚智能自动化控制系统的重要参数.     

一种表面肌电信号测试电路设计

表面肌电信号(SEMG)是一种伴随肌肉活动在皮肤表面产生的生物电信号,它蕴涵了许多肢体运动的信息,对其进行模式信息处理可以获得人-机仿生系统的控制信号.SEMG的特点是内阻高,影响因素多,并极易受到干扰.本文在分析肌电信号产生机理的基础上,给出了一种SEMG的采集、放大和滤波电路.对信号处理电路的特性分析表明,所设计的处理电路可以有效提取(10～500)Hz的肌电信号,并能对50 Hz的工频干扰起到很好的抑制作用,该电路在实际应用时取得了理想的实验结果,信号的采集能力和信噪比达到或接近美国kistler公司的肌电采集仪水平.     

微弱电信号的信息融合检测分析

将自制的具有铂金传感器的双重屏蔽微弱电信号测试系统,所获取的植物微弱电信号、小波软阈值消噪、时间序列的求和自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型等单因素分析耦合成信息融合技术,对雏菊电信号时间序列进行了数据融合分析预测.雏菊电信号为微伏量级,其幅值有随温度的升高而微弱增加的趋势.ARIMA模型对植物微弱电信号特性进行预测是可行的.以节能为目标依据雏菊植物自适应电信号的预测参数可作为建立塑料大棚智能化控制系统的重要依据.     

Exploring strategies for classification of external stimuli using statistical features of the plant electrical response

Plants sense their environment by producing electrical signals which in essence represent changes in underlying physiological processes. These electrical signals, when monitored, show both stochastic and deterministic dynamics. In this paper, we compute 11 statistical features from the raw non-stationary plant electrical signal time series to classify the stimulus applied (causing the electrical signal). By using different discriminant analysis-based classification techniques, we successfully establish that there is enough information in the raw electrical signal to classify the stimuli. In the process, we also propose two standard features which consistently give good classification results for three types of stimuli—sodium chloride (NaCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and ozone (O₃). This may facilitate reduction in the complexity involved in computing all the features for online classification of similar external stimuli in future.     

Signal processing and calibration of continuous-wave focused CO(2) Doppler lidars for atmospheric backscatter measurement

Two continuous-wave (CW) focused CO(2) Doppler lidars (9.1 and 10.6 μm) were developed for airborne in situ aerosol backscatter measurements. The complex path of reliably calibrating these systems, with different signal processors, for accurate derivation of atmospheric backscatter coefficients is documented. Lidar calibration for absolute backscatter measurement for both lidars is based on range response over the lidar sample volume, not solely at focus. Both lidars were calibrated with a new technique using well-characterized aerosols as radiometric standard targets and related to conventional hard-target calibration. A digital signal processor (DSP), a surface acoustic wave spectrum analyzer, and manually tuned spectrum analyzer signal analyzers were used. The DSP signals were analyzed with an innovative method of correcting for systematic noise fluctuation; the noise statistics exhibit the chi-square distribution predicted by theory. System parametric studies and detailed calibration improved the accuracy of conversion from the measured signal-to-noise ratio to absolute backscatter. The minimum backscatter sensitivity is ~3 × 10(-12) m(-1) sr(-1) at 9.1 μm and ~9 × 10(-12) m(-1) sr(-1) at 10.6 μm. Sample measurements are shown for a flight over the remote Pacific Ocean in 1990 as part of the NASA Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) survey missions, the first time to our knowledge that 9.1-10.6-μm lidar intercomparisons were made. Measurements at 9.1 μm, a potential wavelength for space-based lidar remote-sensing applications, are to our knowledge the first based on the rare isotope (12)C (18)O(2) gas.     

Demonstration of an all-digital 7-bit 33-channel photonic delay line for phased-array radars

A 7-bit multichannel photonic delay line for phased-array antenna control is demonstrated. Multichannel (33-pixel) ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FLC) devices are used as polarization rotation elements, and polarization beam-splitter cubes are used as polarization elements that route the optical signals to different paths. The controller is remotely fed by a unique fiber-optic-array design that uses gradient-index lens collimators for the input single-mode polarization-maintaining fibers. The optical signal is collected by a similar fiber array that uses multimode fibers for improved coupling efficiency. Photonic delay-line (PDL) design issues such as multiport assemblies, multipixel FLC designs, and delay-line architectures are discussed. Furthermore, various PDL parameters are examined. High electrical isolation numbers are obtained for both the within-channel leakage noise (e.g., less than -70 dB) and the interchannel cross talk (e.g., less than -90 dB). Optical and electrical insertion loss is examined for the PDL as well as for the overall system. A high-compression dynamic range of 149 dB . Hz and a spurious free dynamic range of 105 dB . Hz(2/3) are presented.     

土质滑坡临滑前次声信号特征研究

土质滑坡临滑前,土壤内部颗粒的错动、摩擦和土体裂纹的扩展会产生次声波。为了明确土质滑坡临滑前次声信号的特性,对土质坡体模型进行了6组滑坡模拟实验,同时采集实验过程中产生的次声信号。利用短时傅里叶变换对采集的信号进行时频分析,然后利用小波分解法研究信号在各个频段上的能量特性。分析结果表明:土质滑坡临滑前有特殊的次声信号产生,信号的频率主要集中在0.5~6 Hz和12.5 Hz附近。根据土质滑坡蠕滑阶段的发展规律推断:0.5~6 Hz频段的次声信号为滑面处颗粒间错动、摩擦产生;频率在12.5 Hz附近的次声信号为滑体内部裂纹扩展产生。通过实验得到的次声特性可以作为土质滑坡次声监测的重要参考。