氮、硫共掺TiO2光催化剂的响应曲面法优化

利用响应曲面法(RSM)对溶胶-凝胶法合成N、S共掺TiO2光催化剂(N/S-TiO2)的合成工艺进行了优化,借助XRD、XPS、TEM、UV-Vis-DRS等测试手段对样品进行表征,并以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了样品的可见光催化活性。根据实验结果建立了N、S共掺TiO2降解甲基橙溶液的二次多项式数学模型,并确定N、S共掺TiO2光催化剂的最佳合成工艺为:热处理温度550℃,N和S掺杂量分别为1.0%和0.3%(原子分数),在该条件下所得N/S-TiO2具有较好的可见光催化活性,且对甲基橙溶液的实际降解率与模型预测基本一致,相对误差为4.69%。     

N、S共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备、表征及光催化性能研究

以TiCl4、硫脲为原料，采用微波催化水解沉淀法合成了S掺杂的TiO2前驱体，在NH3／N2气氛中经高温煅烧处理制得N、S共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂，用XRD、UV-Vis／DRS、FT-IR、TG-DTA、SEM等对其进行了表征。并考察了该催化剂在可见光及紫外光区的催化活性。结果表明，N掺杂在TiO2表面形成了Ti-O-N键；S掺杂可以导致TiO2晶粒尺寸细化。而N、S共掺杂导致了TiO2晶格畸变，产生了新的能级结构，使催化剂的吸收边带红移。晶粒基本呈球形和类球形，粒径在15-20nm之间。N、S共掺杂对提高光催化活性具有协同作用，在可见光和紫外光区均表现出较佳的光催化活性。     

镍、硫共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其可见光催化性能

为提高纳米TiO2的可见光催化活性,采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了一种新型Ni和S共掺杂TiO2纳米复合光催化剂.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis-)漫反射、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-荧光(EDX)等手段对其结晶形态、晶粒尺寸、元素掺杂量和吸光性能等进行了表征.结果显示,催化剂Ni/S/TiO2为锐钛矿晶相,平均粒径约为6～7nm,比表面积高达260.42m2/g,感光范围可拓展到可见光区,且与纯TiO2,S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2相比,光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的颗粒粒径更小,比表面积更大,光吸收边红移程度更显著.以活性艳蓝198染料溶液为模拟废水,以氙光灯为光源,对光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明,Ni/S/TiO2具有比纯TiO2、S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2更高的可见光催化活性,氙光灯照射120min,活性艳蓝198降解率可达到98.5%.     

超强酸化Fe_2O_3-TiO_2-N在可见光下降解丙烯酸的研究（英文）

通过水解沉淀法和H2SO4浸渍干凝胶的方法,制备了具有可见光活性的超强酸化的Fe2O3-TiO2-N光催化剂。XRD测试结果表明,所制得的催化剂为锐钛矿型,且H2SO4处理显著抑制了晶粒的长大。UV-Vis分析表明,N、Fe掺杂样品相比纯TiO2有一定的红移,而浸渍硫酸的处理使样品的光吸收蓝移。原位红外的测试表明,H2SO4浸渍提高了催化剂的表面酸性,XPS测试说明了S以+6价存在于催化剂中。对丙烯酸的光降解试验表明,相比单独N掺杂的TiO2,所得的超强酸化的Fe、N共掺杂光催化剂活性提高了57%。     

金属和非金属共掺杂TiO_2催化剂光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM等表征了其结构特征。以酸性大红染料为模型化合物,探索了其光催化性能,同时考察了制备条件对共掺杂TiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,当B、N和Ce的原子为1∶2∶0.1时,光催化剂活性最大,大红染料的降解率达到98%。     

Mn2+掺杂多孔CdIn2S4光催化剂的制备及催化制氢性能

为提高光催化剂的比表面积,以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为模板剂,采用水热法制备出系列Mn2+掺杂的CdIn2S4多孔光催化剂.通过XRD、FESEM、UV-Vis、XPS等分析手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了掺杂Mn2+浓度对多孔CdIn2S4光催剂的形貌结构和可见光催化产氢性能的影响.结果表明,Mn2+掺杂影响催化剂的晶...     

简单有效氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶的制备、表征及其可见光活性

以尿素为氮源,采用简单的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂,以甲基橙在可见光照射下的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性。运用XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS光谱表征技术考察了氮掺杂TiO2样品的微晶尺寸、晶相结构、表面组成及其吸光特性。结果表明氮掺杂减小了TiO2的带能隙,氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶对400～530nm的可见光有较强的吸收,在降解甲基橙的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性。其中,400℃焙烧制得的具有单一锐钛矿相型,晶粒尺寸为14.94nm的TiO1.9904N0.0096样品的可见光催化活性最佳。     

S、RE共掺杂TiO2的制备及其可见光分解水制氢性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列稀土(La、Eu、Nd、Tb、Er)和硫共掺杂TiO2光催化剂RE/S/TiO2。通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行了表征。以EDTA为电子给体,考察了光催化剂在可见光照射下的制氢活性。研究结果表明,S/TiO2具有可见光活性,稀土掺杂进一步提高了S/TiO2可见光活性,其活性顺序依次为Eu/S/TiO2>La/S/TiO2>Nd/S/TiO2>Tb/S/TiO2>Er/S/TiO2。与纯TiO2和S/TiO2光催化剂相比,稀土掺杂使催化剂的粒径减小,晶格畸变应力增大,从而提高了催化剂可见光制氢活性。     

N、Fe双掺杂的纳米TiO2制备及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N、Fe双掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化材料.借助XRD、XPS对制备的光催化材料进行表征,并通过晶粒尺寸、晶粒比表面积和晶格畸变率等的分析,研究了N、Fe双掺杂对TiO2性能的影响.研究结果表明,N、Fe双掺杂抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,明显延缓了TiO2相的转移;N、Fe双掺杂可明显减小晶...     

N掺杂对TiO2结构及可见光光催化性能影响的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在钛酸丁酯水解过程中加入一定量的尿素,制备了不同N掺杂量的光催化剂TiO2-xNx.以亚甲基蓝溶液为降解对象,研究催化剂在可见光区的催化性能;利用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis对催化剂的结构、形貌和光催化性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,掺杂的N以O-Ti-N的形式存在于TiO2结构中,N元素抑制了锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变和晶粒的长大;样品中形成了新的能级结构,提高了TiO2在可见光下的光量子效率和光催化能力.掺杂量为3.84%(质量分数)的TiO2-xNx在可见光区的响应能力最高,吸收波长延伸至520nm,其光催化活性最大,1.5h降解率达到55.54%.     

掺杂纳米TiO_2粉体的制备及其光电性能研究

利用Zn2+离子掺杂纳米二氧化钛,以提高其光电转化性能,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Zn2+离子掺杂的纳米二氧化钛粉体,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见光谱和光诱导产生光电流法对掺杂二氧化钛的物相、形貌、光吸收性能和光电性能进行了表征。研究发现,Zn2+掺杂有利于锐钛矿的结晶,掺杂二氧化钛较纯二氧化钛的紫外吸收边红移了约10nm,当Zn2+掺杂量为Ti物质的量的1%时光电转化性能最佳。     

Visible light induced electron transfer process over nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals prepared by oxidation of titanium nitride

Nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals with anatase and rutile mixed phases were prepared by incomplete oxidation of titanium nitride at different temperatures. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), core level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (CL XPS), valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS), and visible light excited photoluminescence (PL). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of toluene in gas phase under visible light irradiation. The visible light absorption and photoactivities of these nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals can be clearly attributed to the change of the additional electronic (N(-)) states above the valence band of TiO(2) modified by N dopant as revealed by the VB XPS and visible light induced PL. A band gap structure model was established to explain the electron transfer process over nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals under visible light irradiation, which was consistent with the previous theoretical and experimental results. This model can also be applied to understand visible light induced photocatalysis over other nonmetal doped TiO(2).     

Characterization of the structures of size-selected TiO2 nanoparticles using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

To investigate the relationship between the size and structure of TiO(2) nanoparticles, three size-selected samples of TiO(2) nanoparticles were prepared via a hydrolysis method that uses Ti[OCH(CH(3))(2)](4) as the starting material. The structures of the nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Analysis of the XRD patterns and of the TEM images showed that the samples were dispersed, with an average particle size of approximately 30 nm (sample A), approximately 12 nm (sample B), and approximately 7 nm (sample C). Their X-ray absorption spectra indicate that samples A and B have an anatase structure, whereas sample C has a structure very similar to that of the TiO( 2) II phase, which generally arises only under high-pressure conditions. This difference can be attributed to size-induced radial pressure within the smaller nanoparticles, which plays an important role in the phase of TiO(2) nanoparticles in sample C.     

Template-free fabrication of TiO2 hollow spheres and their photocatalytic properties

Submicrometer-sized anatase TiO(2) hollow spheres were fabricated through a template-free solvothermal route using TiCl(4) as a raw material and a mixture of alcohols-acetone as solvent. Control of the hollow spheres' size was achieved by adjusting the ratio of alcohols to acetone. Products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. It was found that the formation process of the TiO(2) hollow spheres might include the hydrolysis of Ti(IV) with the water formed from the solvothermal etherification reaction, the aggregation of the anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles, and the Ostwald ripening. Furthermore, the as-prepared TiO(2) hollow nanostructures exhibited good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of phenol.     

PEG1000用量对多孔TiO_2薄膜结构及光催化性能的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,PEG1000为模板剂,乙酰丙酮为稳定剂,制备了TiO2溶胶,通过浸渍-提拉法在载玻片上制备了多孔TiO2薄膜。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外-可见透射光谱、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附-脱附等对TiO2薄膜的晶相结构、表面形貌、化学组成及TiO2粉体的BET比表面积和孔径分布进行了表征。考察了TiO2薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解活性。实验结果表明,TiO2薄膜催化剂的晶型为锐钛矿型,Ti以Ti4+形式存在。随着PEG1000添加量的增加,薄膜表面形貌变得粗糙,孔数量先增加而后下降;多孔TiO2薄膜在紫外区域内的吸收边沿向短波方向移动,薄膜透射率也发生波动,但薄膜的厚度基本不变。当PEG1000添加量为2.0g时,薄膜中存在大量的介孔,薄膜的比表面积最大,光催化性能最佳。     

Growth of TiO2 Nanorods by Sol-gel Template Process

In this work, TiO2 nanorods with uniform diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers were successfully prepared by the sol-gel template method. Also the influence of molar ratios of precursor on the morphology and structure of TiO2 nanorods has been investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The XRD results indicated that the TiO2 nanorods were crystallized in the anatase and rutile phases, after annealing to 400-700℃ up to 2 h.     

金属Cd~(2+)掺杂TiO_2纳米颗粒的制备及能级结构的影响机理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Cd2+掺杂改性TiO2纳米颗粒,利用XRD、TEM、XPS和UV-Vis光谱对掺杂前后颗粒的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的Cd2+掺杂TiO2纳米颗粒主要为锐钛矿相,粒径尺寸在20nm左右,掺杂前后TiO2的尺寸和形貌没有明显变化;结构表征和光谱测试结果发现,Cd元素在TiO2纳米颗粒中部分取代TiO2晶格中的Ti元素,以Cd2+的形式存在,形成Cd—O键,使TiO2纳米颗粒的吸收带边红移,降低了TiO2的禁带宽度。并且采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对Cd掺杂TiO2进行了能级结构的模拟计算,发现理论结果与实验结果有较好一致性。     

静电纺丝法制备Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维及表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为纤维模板,钛酸四丁酯(Ti[O(CH2)3CH3]4)和Fe3+为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,醋酸为催化剂,采用静电纺丝法制备不同含铁量的复合纳米纤维Fe3+/TiO2,经500℃煅烧得到以锐钛矿为主的Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别表征了Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的形貌与晶态,计算了样品的晶粒尺寸和锐钛矿所占的比例,并比较了5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维、5%Fe3+/TiO2粉体以及纯TiO2纳米纤维三者光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的效果。研究表明:由静电纺丝法制备的5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的光催化降解效果比相同含铁量的粉体的降解效果好,TiO2纳米纤维比5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的光催化活性高。     

Photocatalytic properties of silver nanoparticles decorated nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers

In this study, nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers and silver loaded nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique followed by TiCl4 aqueous solution treatment and silver photodeposition method. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the morphology of the products. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted on the samples to study their chemical composition as well as crystallographic structure. The photocatalytic activities of these produced nanofibers were examined with two organic dyes, methylene blue and methyl orange, under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The effect of nanobranches and silver modification on TiO2 nanofibers was revealed in the photocatalysis process. The photocatalytic degradation rates of silver loaded on nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers were 1.6 and 1.7 times as that of pure TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of methylene blue and methyl orange, respectively, which indicated silver nanoparticles combined nanobranches modified on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers could enhance the photocatalytic ability.