载紫杉醇聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米粒的体外释药研究

以生物可降解材料聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)为载体制备了载紫杉醇纳米粒,重点考察了纳米粒的体外释放特性.采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备了载紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒,其平均粒径为200nm,载药量为21%,包封率为89.44%;体外释药符合Higuchi方程:Q=3.8796t1/2+30.4649(r=0.9397),同时载紫杉醇纳米粒具有一定的缓释作用.     

紫杉醇在聚甲基丙烯酸树脂中的物化状态

研究了紫杉醇在聚甲基丙烯酸树脂中的化学稳定性、物理分布和物理状态,并分析了其影响因素.结果表明,紫杉醇在复合膜中没有与聚甲基丙烯酸树脂发生化学反应,释放后不改变化学结构;紫杉醇在复合膜中的物理分布受溶剂性质的影响,以四氢呋喃为溶剂,紫杉醇可均匀分布于复合膜中.紫杉醇在复合膜中的存在状态与紫杉醇含量及热处理制度有关.当紫杉醇的含量(质量分数)为10%时,在薄膜中不存在结晶态紫杉醇,当含量大于20%时,出现结晶态紫杉醇.在Tg点附近退火可使薄膜中结晶态紫杉醇的含量增加,从而提高紫杉醇的时效稳定性及其在复合膜中的扩散速度.     

冠脉支架表面载药涂层的制备和性能

采用溶液聚合法制备了改性的聚甲基丙烯酸树脂,作为支架表面载药涂层的药物载体聚合物.采用浸涂法制备了不锈钢基体表面聚合物及聚合物载药涂层,并利用红外光谱及核磁共振波谱分析了所制备共聚物的成分,并评价了物理性能、生物稳定性能以及药物的释放性能.结果表明,所制备的涂层具有较好的生物稳定性,甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸丁酯的加入提高了聚合物的物理性能,尤其是涂层与金属基体的结合力所制备的药物释放涂层具有缓释紫杉醇的功能,其释放周期超过15 d.聚甲基丙烯酸树脂携带紫杉醇的载药涂层在生物稳定性、物理性能及药物释放性能方面满足冠脉支架的表面涂层的使用要求.     

PLGA携载紫杉醇涂层包被TiNi合金的表面特性与生物性能

系统研究了PLGA携载紫杉醇包被TiNi合金的表面特性与生物性能。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了药物涂层的表面形貌及化学成分;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)研究了在pH为7.4的PBS溶液中紫杉醇从TiNi合金表面涂层中释放特性,并通过血小板粘附试验研究了药物涂层的血液相容性。试验结果表明经涂覆后TiNi合金表面化学组成及结构随着载药量的增加而改变。紫杉醇在涂层降解初期释放较快,随着时间的延长,累积释放量增加缓慢。血小板粘附试验表明载药量为0%、10%、20%和30%时涂膜样品表面血小板粘附数量均小于未涂膜样品表面。而随着载药量的增加,涂膜样品表面粘附的血小板数量增加,血小板变形严重,当载药量为30%时,血小板出现明显的聚集现象。     

更安全且低成本的从工业废水中回收稀有金属的新技术

<正>据媒体报道,目前,日本研究人员开发出了利用一种小型胶囊从工业废水中高效回收稀有金属的新技术。该技术有望于2012年正式推向市场,届时将能够更加安全而且低成本地回收稀有金属。研究人员开发出的是一种直径为2~10mm的球形"生物胶囊",胶囊中含有能吸收稀有金属的微生物和吸收剂。将这种胶囊大量投放到     

悬浮聚合法制备相变材料微/纳胶囊

采用悬浮聚合法合成了以正十八烷为囊芯、苯乙烯-新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯共聚物为囊壁的相变材料微/纳胶囊,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)等对其形貌、结构、热性能、热稳定性等进行了分析。结果表明,相变材料微/纳胶囊形貌完整、分散性好;相变材料微胶囊热稳定良好,其失重起始温度较囊芯材料提高了近40℃;相变材料微/纳胶囊在降温过程中有不同程度的过冷结晶现象。     

基于电诱导沉积原理制备形状可控的海藻酸钙-多聚赖氨酸水凝胶微封装胶囊

海藻酸钙水凝胶是一种具有良好生物相容性、生物降解性的生物医用高分子材料。文中提出了一种基于电诱导沉积原理制备形状可控的海藻酸钙-多聚赖氨酸(PLL)水凝胶微封装胶囊。在涂有光刻胶的FTO导电玻璃表面上利用光刻技术制造多种预设图案的微电极,基于电诱导沉积原理在微电极上制备特定几何结构海藻酸钙水凝胶,通过PLL等试剂的处理最终得到环形与六边形结构的海藻酸钙-PLL水凝胶微封装胶囊,酵母细胞包含在微封装胶囊中进行24 h的培养,获得有一定生物活性的细胞。这种方法可以制备用于组织工程学研究的生物支架,将对细胞装配,生物打印以及药物输送等领域有重要的参考价值。     

绿茶胶囊对黑巧克力中表儿茶素和儿茶素在人体内生物利用率的影响

以志愿者体内实验方式考察绿茶胶囊对黑巧克力中表儿茶素和儿茶素在人体内生物利用率的影响.六位志愿者在实验前一天严格执行低黄酮类饮食,空腹过夜并留下尿样作为空白样本.试验第一阶段:志愿者摄入50g黑巧克力(含表儿茶素152mg,儿茶素33mg).一周之后的第二阶段,志愿者摄入50g黑巧克力和一片绿茶胶囊(绿茶胶囊含表儿茶素207mg,儿茶素39mg).服用后每间隔一定时间,收集志愿者尿样,测定表儿茶素和儿茶素的生物利用率.结果显示,虽然第二阶段的表儿茶素和儿茶素摄入总量均高于第一阶段,但两者在第一阶段人体中的生物利用率均高于第二阶段.因此和单独摄入黑巧克力相比,绿茶胶囊和黑巧克力同时服用可能会导致减少或者延迟人体对表儿茶素和儿茶素的吸收.     

壳聚糖基纳米胶囊的制备及应用研究新进展

壳聚糖是自然界产量最大的氨基多糖,具有较好的生物降解性、生物相容性、成膜性及良好的抗菌性.主要阐述了近年来制备壳聚糖基纳米胶囊的一些方法,如离子交联法、界面聚合法及层层自组装法等,并着重综述了近年来壳聚糖基纳米胶囊在医药、食品及纺织领域的应用研究进展.最后,根据现阶段的研究状况对壳聚糖基纳米胶囊的研究前景做了展望.     

纳米多孔硅膜在医学上的应用

采用纳米技术和生物微电子机械系统技术制备纳米多孔硅膜,可准确控制膜的厚度、几何形状、孔大小、孔分布和孔隙率。纳米多孔硅膜具有优异的耐热性和化学稳定性,且可回收利用。在医学上的纳米多孔硅膜可作为药物载体、免疫隔离生物胶囊、纳米硅微镜和纳米多孔硅生物传感器。     

Ice stress-strain curve prediction in uniaxial compression loading in the objective of atmospheric icing risk evaluation

Atmospheric icing is a major cause of damage to electric power networks. During ice storms, “ice shedding off” cables and conductors can lead to major damage to power systems, mostly by mechanical failure. The brittleness of ice might be its most important and critical property possibly leading to hazardous events in urban regions, and involving equipment such as electrical power lines. To avoid or reduce the risks from this phenomenon, it is necessary to understand the mechanical behavior of ice, including ice strain, as well as its maximal strength and residual strength. The behavior of ice depends mainly on the applied stress and strain rate, as well as temperature, salinity, porosity, and particle size. As a fundamental subject on the deformation behavior of ice, the simple case of polycrystalline isotropic ice was chosen in this study. A methodology is developed to determine the stress-strain curve for ice as a function of temperature and several uniaxial compression loading conditions. Mathematical relations are developed for several loading conditions and temperature. The results of this research allow to predict the maximal and residual strength of ice, as functions of strain rate and temperature.     

Higher order dispersion effects in the noninstantaneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We present a systematic analysis of the effects, of higher-order dispersion, noninstantaneous nonlinear response, as well as stochastic coefficients in optical fiber. This study is motivated by recent experimental observation of a new modulational instability spectral window induced by fourth-order dispersion in a normally dispersive single-mode optical fiber. Analytical expression of pulse amplitude is deduced with the second-order gain nonuniformity and the stimulated-Brillouin scattering-induced third-order as well as fourth-order dispersion effects involved. The influence of stochasticity, as well as the delayed Raman response in the nonconventional sidebands obtained due to the fourth-order dispersion, is considered. We note that the shape of the spectrum, and in particular the relative intensities of the higher order harmonics, is highly sensitive to the initial presence of classical noise, and can therefore be taken as a signature that the MI is seeded by vacuum fluctuations. Some direct simulations to see the evolution of different continuous wave states are reported. These show the formation of modulation instability pulses as well as transitions from lower amplitude continuous wave states to higher amplitude continuous wave states. The present results fit well with recent experimental investigations.     

Fatigue on the flight deck: The consequences of sleep loss and the benefits of napping

The detrimental effects of fatigue in aviation are well established, as evidenced by both the number of fatigue-related mishaps and numerous studies which have found that most pilots experience a deterioration in cognitive performance as well as increased stress during the course of a flight. Further, due to the nature of the average pilot's work schedule, with frequent changes in duty schedule, early morning starts, and extended duty periods, fatigue may be impossible to avoid. Thus, it is critical that fatigue countermeasures be available which can help to combat the often overwhelming effects of sleep loss or sleep disruption. While stimulants such as caffeine are typically effective at maintaining alertness and performance, such countermeasures do nothing to address the actual source of fatigue – insufficient sleep. Consequently, strategic naps are considered an efficacious means of maintaining performance while also reducing the individual's sleep debt. These types of naps have been advocated for pilots in particular, as opportunities to sleep either in the designated rest facilities or on the flight deck may be beneficial in reducing both the performance and alertness impairments associated with fatigue, as well as the subjective feelings of sleepiness. Evidence suggests that strategic naps can reduce subjective feelings of fatigue and improve performance and alertness. Despite some contraindications to implementing strategic naps while on duty, such as sleep inertia experienced upon awakening, both researchers and pilots agree that the benefits associated with these naps far outweigh the potential risks. This article is a literature review detailing both the health and safety concerns of fatigue among commercial pilots as well as benefits and risks associated with strategic napping to alleviate this fatigue.     

Water absorption behavior and mechanical properties of lignocellulosic filler–polyolefin bio-composites

To determine certain physical properties, viz. the thickness swelling and water absorption, and mechanical properties, viz. the tensile strength and Izod impact strength, of lignocellulosic filler reinforced polyolefin bio-composites, polyolefin was used as the matrix polymer and rice-husk flour as the reinforcing filler. Wood flour was also used as a reinforcing filler, and commercial particleboard, medium-density fiberboard and solid woods (red pine and birch) were also included in this study, in order to obtain comparative water absorption behavior measurements. Test samples were prepared, in order to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the bio-composites as a function of filler loading and according to filler type as well as with respect to the thermoplastic polymer itself. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the bio-composites slightly increased as the filler loading increased, but to a negligible extent as compared with the wood-based composites (particleboard and fiberboard) and the solid woods (red pine and birch). The mechanical properties of the composites decreased as the filler loading increased, but the composites had an acceptable strength level. It was concluded that these bio-composites are suitable to be used for the interior of bathrooms, wood decks, food packaging, etc.     

Industrial and occupational ergonomics in the petrochemical process industry: a regression trees approach

This work is an attempt to apply classification tree methods to data regarding accidents in a medium-sized refinery, so as to identify the important relationships between the variables, which can be considered as decision-making rules when adopting any measures for improvement. The results obtained using the CART (Classification And Regression Trees) method proved to be the most precise and, in general, they are encouraging concerning the use of tree diagrams as preliminary explorative techniques for the assessment of the ergonomic, management and operational parameters which influence high accident risk situations. The Occupational Injury analysis carried out in this paper was planned as a dynamic process and can be repeated systematically. The CART technique, which considers a very wide set of objective and predictive variables, shows new cause-effect correlations in occupational safety which had never been previously described, highlighting possible injury risk groups and supporting decision-making in these areas. The use of classification trees must not, however, be seen as an attempt to supplant other techniques, but as a complementary method which can be integrated into traditional types of analysis.     

酸催化剂对溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉末的影响

用钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,乙酰丙酮为稳定剂,浓硝酸、浓盐酸、冰醋酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉末。分析了在酸性条件下,催化剂的种类和加入量对凝胶时间和TiO2粉末粒径大小的影响。用该方法制备的TiO2纳米粉末,粒径大小为3～20nm。     

船桥碰撞过程引发的冲击动力学论题

对船桥撞击过程引发的几个冲击动力学论题进行了分析。研究表明:1为降低船撞力,应采用柔性(低的结构动态广义波阻抗)防撞装置;2撞击力所做的功,通过应力波传播转化为内能(变形能)与动能之和;而变形能中的不可逆部分愈高,防撞装置发挥的整体作用愈大,则愈有利于防撞装置发挥缓冲耗能作用。并且如何让船舶尽早结束撞击并带走尽量多的剩余动能,应是防撞装置设计的关键点;3黏性耗能可缓冲撞击过程、延长撞击历时,有利于防撞装置发挥整体作用,进而为船舶在低应力下转向滑离、从而带走尽可能多的剩余动能创造条件。因此,船撞桥防护装置的设计应该建立在如下的科学设计理念上:ⅰ低波阻抗意义上的冲击柔性,ⅱ缓冲撞击过程意义上的粘性耗能,ⅲ防撞装置能及早发挥整体作用,化撞击集中力为分布载荷,以及ⅳ让船尽早滑离而带走尽量多的剩余动能。以钢丝绳防撞圈为主要元件的柔性耗能防撞装置是这一防撞理念的工程应用实例,其有效性已为工程实践和实船撞击试验证实。     

基于AHP和Floyd算法的农产品物流中心选址研究

以农产品物流中心的选址为研究对象,对国内外农产品物流现状分析的基础上,结合农产品特性,以攀枝花农产品物流为例,构建农产品二级物流节点到枢纽中心的物流网络.基于AHP和Floyd算法,充分分析攀枝花农产品的产地分布情况,考虑影响农产品物流中心选址的主要因素,对农产品物流节点和枢纽中心进行选址研究,设计出最适合攀枝花农产品物流的选址方案,以期解决攀枝花农产品物流成本高、产品损耗大、运输周期长等长期困扰当地农业经济发展的问题.     

ICT for development in Tunisia: “Going the last mile”

This paper seeks to provide an overview of achievements and caveats related to ICT strategies for development in Tunisia. We go beyond a conventional approach of digital divide by considering exclusion from or inequalities in access to high-speed wired broadband infrastructure as a significant explanative variable in this area. Accordingly, we link the roles of ICT as enablers of new opportunities for socio-economic growth to the development of the last mile of the wired broadband infrastructure. Our analysis of the Tunisian ICT environment shows a prevalence of mobile technologies for Internet access and telephony as well as regional and social disparities in availability, access to and use of wired broadband technologies and services. Despite the real interest of Tunisian society and economy in using Internet, the range of broadband enabled-services and applications is rather limited. Additionally, the Tunisian case provides a promising perspective as there is a relatively well developed fibre backbone and potentially good opportunity for developing the last mile of wired infrastructure. We therefore suggest that it is necessary to develop a governmental policy in collaboration with the private sector to further develop the last mile section as well as to overcome weaknesses in the current regulatory frameworks.     

锂离子电池LiFeO2基材料研究进展

LiCoO2是目前商品锂离子电池中最广泛应用的正极材料,然而其价格昂贵且对环境有害,促使人们研究开发新型正极材料。由于Fe是地球上最丰富且无毒的金属,具有与LiCoO2相似岩盐结构的LiFeO2研究引起人们广泛关注。综述了LiFeO2基锂离子电池材料的研究进展,评述了制备与性能,展望了LiFeO2基锂离子电池材料未来的发展方向和应用前景。