便携式水声传感器测试系统的设计与实现

针对声引信中水声传感器灵敏度检测的实际要求,设计一套基于虚拟仪器技术的便携式水声传感器测试系统。水声传感器测试装置采用压电振动法,利用虚拟仪器设计软件Lab VIEW进行数据的采集、处理和系统用户界面的设计;并采用数字锁相放大技术对采集的数据进行微弱信号处理,以获得传感器输出信号。通过对某型水声传感器在10~5 000 Hz间9个频率点的声压灵敏度测试,结果表明:该水声传感器测试系统测试精度高,并且具有操作简单、便于携带的优点,适用于工业现场对水声传感器性能的测试。     

末敏弹开仓环境加速度传感器研究

本文在对压电陶瓷材料进行分析以后,设计出了适用于末敏弹开仓环境的压电陶瓷式加速度传感器。此传感器采用隔离基座压缩型结构,结构简单,体积小。适合在引信中使用。     

毁伤测控与评估传感器在引信中的应用需求研究

毁伤测控与评估传感器是实现引信智能化和引信功能拓展的关键技术之一。本文在介绍新型作战武器对弹药引信需求的基础上,分析了引信对传感器的应用需求,论述了应用毁伤与评估传感器技术可极大地拓展引信的功能,提高引信的性能。     

典型引信环境力对压电驱动器的影响研究

将一种直线型压电驱动器作为解除保险的作功元件用在机电式引信安全系统中,实现炮口保险距离的可控。对压电精密驱动器运动机理进行了分析,并给出其在引信安全系统中的作用方式。理论分析了引信在勤务处理和发射过程中的典型环境力对压电驱动器构件的影响,并采用AVEX冲击试验台对压电驱动器进行冲击试验。研究结果表明：压电驱动器可承受勤务处理中15.25m高度落向钢板的冲击惯性力的作用;能够抵抗弹丸转速为15000r/min下的离心力而使动子运动到位;可承受1.5×104g的后坐冲击加速度。研究结果为压电精密驱动器在引信安全系统中的使用提供了理论依据,同时该方案为炮口保险距离的可控性提供了新思路。     

压电材料及压电效应的应用

压电效应技术以其特有的优势在能源紧缺的今天发挥了显著的作用。自该技术使用以来,开发出了包括压电晶体、Pb Ti O3系压电材料、压电陶瓷及高聚物复合材料等新型压电材料。目前压电效应技术在换能器、驱动器、传感器等方面得到了广泛应用。     

用于振动传感器在线校准的压电激励装置性能测试

压电激励装置作为振动传感器的底座安装,可以实现其在线校准。文章介绍了压电激励装置性能测试系统,对信号噪声比、稳定性、波形失真度以及横向振动比等进行了测试,对系统的机械共振频率进行了测量。结果表明所测参数均满足检定规程要求,该压电激励装置可用于振动传感器在线校准。     

基于压电陶瓷的引信物理电源的建模与设计

压电陶瓷能将弹药发射环境中的机械能转换为电能,压电电源就是基于此特性为引信供电的环境能源。提出一种压电发电建模方法,利用其对引信压电电源的发电特性进行了理论研究。共包括两个步骤:利用总能量求偏导法推导出并联压电叠堆产生的电压、电荷及电能公式;将压电结构发电模型等效为电路形式,利用电路知识分析得到压电电源的电能输出表达式。然后利用MATLAB软件进行了数值仿真分析,最后以所得理论模型为指导、以最大化提高发电量为目的进行压电电源的设计。     

压电谐振传感器机理在超低频振动中的研究

提出了利用压电谐振机理实现超低频振动传感器的实用方法,通过对压电谐振式传感器机理分析研究,得出可测超低频范围可以在0～3Hz.对该超低频振动传感器的具体电路、工作原理以及模拟结果进行了系统的分析与阐述.     

灌封热冲击下引信内温度场测量系统设计

为测量灌封热冲击下引信内温度场变化,讨论利用阵列式传感器进行引信内腔不同层面关键点温度场信号采集;设计了信号调理、转换电路;采用Labview构建的软件系统进行信号数据的处理和显示.提出了基于虚拟仪器的模拟环境测试方法.研究和用户试验结果表明,该系统满足引信内空间多路温度场采集、存储与处理需求,达到较高的测试精度要求.     

薄片石英应力传感器标定及应用

以x切割薄片石英晶片为压电元件,构造了三明治结构的压电应力传感器。在SHPB实验装置上,对一维应力条件下薄片石英应力传感器的动态压电系数进行了标定,得到了传感器的压电系数为2.58±0.03pC/N。将该传感器作为压杆式应力计的工作元件,成功测量了片炸药爆炸传入杆中的应力波。     

高频换能器功率疲劳分析

压电陶瓷元件因疲劳破坏而失效是造成高频发射换能器损坏的重要原因之一。以一款高频换能器为例分析了换能器功率疲劳现象和压电陶瓷功率疲劳机理;针对高频换能器水中阻抗与空气中阻抗比较接近的特点,设计了空气中大功率发射以加速复现功率疲劳的实验方法,制作了实验样机;实验较好地复现了电导值下降、发送电压响应下降的功率疲劳故障现象,验证了发射功率是换能器功率疲劳的主要因素。当发射功率较大时,散热环境是诱发功率疲劳的重要因素。为避免换能器产生功率疲劳,必须重视发射功率、工作环境和散热情况;发射功率越大对工作环境散热要求越高。     

Low Force Measurement Based on Impedance of a Piezo-resonator

Piezoelectric transducers have effectively been used for force measurement due to their inherently large stiffness. The primary transduction parameter of piezoelectric transducer is voltage which is used mostly for dynamic and sometimes for quasi-static force measurement. Other parameters of piezoelectric transducers such as resonant frequency, electrical impedance, etc. have also been used for force measurement. In the present work, precision measurement of conductance of a radial mode piezo-resonator has been carried out under different static loading and the resultant change in resonant conductance of the resonator have been evaluated as a function of loading force. This method based on resonant conductance measurement can prove to be effective in measuring forces between two interfaces which is an important requirement in many scientific and technical problems.     

双迭片弯曲压电陶瓷换能器及振动模态分析测量

介绍了双迭片弯曲压电陶瓷换能器的制作及边缘固定金属压电陶瓷双迭片弯曲振动，并利用有限元分析了换能器的谐振模式，采用激光多普勒干涉仪对换能器的谐振特性以及振动速度和位移分布进行了测量和分析，结果表明：换能器空载性能良好，通过有限元分析与先进测量手段的结合，能够对换能器器件的制作与分析进行指导。     

A harmonic cancellation technique for an ultrasound transducer excited by a switched-mode power converter

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using harmonic cancellation for a therapeutic ultrasound transducer excited by a switched-mode power converter without an additional output filter. A switching waveform without the third harmonic was created by cascading two switched-mode power inverter modules at which their output waveforms were pi/3 phase shifted from each other. A PSPICE simulation model for the power converter output stage was developed. The simulated results were in good agreement with the measurement. The waveform and harmonic contents of the acoustic pressure generated by a 1-MHz, self-focused piezoelectric transducer with and without harmonic cancellation have been evaluated. Measured results indicated that the acoustic third harmonicto- fundamental ratio at the focus was small (-48 dB) with harmonic cancellation, compared to that without harmonic cancellation (-20 dB). The measured acoustic levels of the fifth harmonic for both cases with and without harmonic cancellation also were small (-46 dB) compared to the fundamental. This study shows that it is viable to drive a piezoelectric ultrasound transducer using a switched-mode power converter without the requirement of an additional output filter in many high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applications.     

Comparison of barrel-stave sonar transducer simulations between a coupled FE-BEM and ATILA

An acoustic analysis of a barrel-stave sonar transducer has been performed using a coupled finite element-boundary element method developed by the author. The dynamics of the piezoelectric flextensional sonar transducer is modeled in three dimensions and is analyzed with external electrical excitation conditions. Different results are available such as steady-state displacement modes, underwater directivity patterns, resonant frequencies, and transmitting voltage responses. The results of this analysis were then compared and found to be in good agreement to the same analysis performed using ATILA.     

高频宽带圆管换能器研究

压电圆管换能器是水声领域中广泛应用的换能器之一,它一般采用压电圆管的径向振动模态。利用压电圆管的径向振动模态和高阶振动模态来实现圆管的宽带发射性能。采用有限元方法对圆管换能器进行了分析,利用ANSYS软件建立圆管换能器的有限元模型,并对其进行结构优化。最终所制作换能器的径向谐振频率为47.5kHz,其工作带宽为40~80kHz,发送电压响应起伏不超过±4dB,最大发送电压响应为150dB。研究结果表明：所采用的有限元法计算结果与测试结果吻合较好,换能器实现了高频、宽带、水平无指向性的发射性能。     

Design and fabrication of a piezoelectric transducer for wind-power generator

This study investigates the feasibility of a high-performance ZnO piezoelectric transducer for wind-power generation applications. The piezoelectric transducer is constructed of a Cu/ZnO/ITO/PET structure. Closely examining the ITO/PET substrate by a nano indenter reveals a low Young's modulus of 6.62 Gpa for specific deflections. The ZnO piezoelectric film of 965 nm is deposited on ITO/PET substrate using a RF magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. A copper layer is attached to the ZnO/ITO/PET structure to construct piezoelectric transducers. Both scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that, among the favorable characteristic of the ZnO piezoelectric film include a rigid surface structure and a high c-axis preferred orientation. According to cantilever vibration theory, a transducer with a cantilever length of 9.9 mm and vibration area of 1.5 cm² is designed for natural wind. An appropriate mass loading of 0.57 g on the cantilever is critical for increasing the vibration amplitude and promoting the generated power of a piezoelectric transducer. Finally, an open circuit voltage of 1.87 V for the ZnO piezoelectric transducer at a vibration frequency of 100 Hz is obtained by an oscilloscope. After rectifying and filtering, the output power of the generator exhibits an available benefit of 0.07 μW/cm² with the load resistance of 5 MΩ.     

基于机械品质因数的全波压电超声换能器设计

针对全波压电超声换能器常规设计方法存在的尺寸参数较多、计算较复杂等问题,研究了一种利用机械品质因数设计全波压电超声换能器的方法。基于压电超声理论推导了全波压电超声换能器的频率方程,利用电学理论推导了全波压电超声换能器各组成部分的等效电路,利用等效电路求取了在任意等效截面处的等效机械阻抗,进而推导出全波压电超声换能器各部分尺寸参数与其机械品质因数的关系式。利用机械品质因数及频率方程的等高线图,对全波压电超声换能器各部分尺寸进行了设计计算。利用ANSYS对该尺寸全波压电超声换能器的谐振频率进行了仿真分析,结果表明所设计的全波压电超声换能器的谐振频率具有较高的精度,满足工程应用的要求。     

基于拓扑优化的压电分流阻尼抑振实验研究

将结构拓扑优化引入压电分流振动抑制中,以压电元件的分布面积为设计变量,压电元件产生的电荷最大化为优化目标,对压电元件的拓扑进行了优化以获得最佳抑振效果。针对悬臂梁结构,得到了对不同的结构模态进行抑制时的压电元件最优拓扑构型。建立了带有压电分流阻尼系统的悬臂梁振动控制实验模型,将压电元件拓扑优化后的压电分流阻尼系统应用于悬臂梁多阶弯曲模态的振动响应抑制实验,并对比分析了带最优拓扑和非优拓扑压电元件的悬臂梁压电分流阻尼抑振效果。结果表明,对压电元件进行拓扑优化可以明显提高压电分流阻尼系统的抑振效果。     

Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers oflongitudinal-torsional compound vibrational modes

Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers of longitudinal-torsional compound vibrational modes were studied. The transducers consist of coaxially segmented, longitudinally and tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings, a back metal cylinder, and a front exponential solid metal horn. Based on the plane-wave approximation, the equivalent circuits of the longitudinal and torsional vibrations in the sandwiched transducer were obtained and the resonance frequency equations of the transducer in longitudinal and torsional vibrations were derived. By means of choosing the radius decay coefficient of the front exponential horn, the longitudinal and torsional vibrations are made to resonate at the same frequency in the transducer. Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers of longitudinal-torsional compound modes were designed and fabricated according to the frequency equations. It is demonstrated that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the theoretical results, and the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers in longitudinal and torsional vibration modes are also in good agreement with each other. Theoretical and experimental results show that this kind of transducer can be used in ultrasonic welding, ultrasonic machining, ultrasonic motors, and other ultrasonic applications which need large displacement amplitudes