一种改进的手持GPS接收机校准方法探讨

简述了现有手持GPS接收机的校准方法和过程,分析了其校准存在的问题。为确保校准结果的客观准确性,提高用户使用的可靠性,引入"实测拟合法"对手持GPS接收机进行校准,并对该校准方法的有效性进行了分析和对比实验。实验对比结果表明,该校准方法更为客观合理,普适性强,能更准确地反映手持GPS接收机的真实定位性能,具有一定的参考作用。     

差分定位接收机动态校准

随着差分定位技术的发展,全球导航卫星系统的定位精度有了很大的提高。本文介绍了差分定位的原理,利用本实验室的标准基站,在现有静态校准的基础上,通过采用一种旋转机构,使差分定位双天线产生圆周的相对运动,从而实现对差分定位定向接收机的动态校准。     

基于火箭橇试验的北斗接收机动态校准技术

提出一种基于火箭橇试验的北斗接收机动态校准技术,通过阐述动态校准过程,火箭橇试验标准弹道建立方法、接收机动态定位和速度误差评定方法、火箭橇试验外测参数的溯源及校准过程不确定度评定方法,建立了计量型可溯源的火箭橇试验系统,并对两款接收机校准结果进行了分析。结果表明火箭橇试验能够有效解决北斗接收机的高动态校准问题,具有一定的应用价值和扩展前景。     

利用CORS系统对GNSS接收机进行校准的研究

利用CORS(Continuously Operating Reference Stations)系统的特性和工作原理,在建立了GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)接收机与CORS系统间联系的基础上,提出了一种GNSS接收机校准的方法。被校准设备与CORS系统同步观测,组成单基线测量模型,实现接收机校准。用GNSS接收机、RTK对此方法进行了评定,校准结果满足规范要求;对导航设备进行了测试,其校准结果具有较高的参考价值。研究表明,在用CORS系统对GNSS接收机校准时,校准结果的可靠性和准确性得到提高,并可同时对多台不同种类的GNSS设备进行校准。     

时间频率传递GPS接收机内延迟差分校准技术研究

在BIPM差分校准方法基础上,实现了改进的可对时间频率传递GPS接收机内延迟进行单独校准的差分校准方法。以一台经过内延迟校准的接收机作为参考,利用改进的差分校准方法,对另一台基于Javad E_GGD GPS接收模块的自主研制的时间频率传递GPS接收机进行了内延迟校准,校准不确定度优于6ns,与绝对校准方法符合度优于1ns。     

测地型GPS接收机定位误差的测量不确定度分析

本文依据JJF 1118-2004《全球定位系统(GPS)接收机(测地型和导航型)校准规范》,在已标定的标准基线场上对测地型GPS接收机进行校准测量,测量完成后将其数据进行解算,依据测量数据进行其定位误差的测量不确定度分析.     

基于速度三角波的激光跟踪仪动态定位误差校准技术的研究北大核心CSCD

激光跟踪仪作为大尺寸精密坐标测量仪器,其动态定位误差精度备受关注。而其校准技术还停留在静态校准和动态跟踪性能校准的状态下。在少有对激光跟踪仪动态定位误差校准的前提下,通过对激光跟踪仪的误差分析,提出了基于速度三角波的激光跟踪仪动态定位误差校准方法,并对校准模型中运动目标的规律和运动轨迹进行了分析,设计了激光跟踪仪校准实验。实验结果论证了校准方案的可行性和必要性,对最大测量速度赋予了更为详细的定义。     

关于GPS基线场自我远程校准的探讨

利用GPS接收机对GPS基线场进行自我远程校准,从几个方面分析了影响观测精度的因素,对现用观测方法进行分析、实验,通过分析研究验证了自我校准的可行性。     

基于卫星导航信号模拟仿真法的北斗接收机导航精度校准测试

随着我国自主设计的北斗卫星导航系统稳步建设,北斗接收机相关技术取得突破,但当前北斗接收机校准体系尚不完善,相关测试方法亟待研究。本文提出卫星导航信号模拟测试法,通过多星座导航信号模拟器设计静态、动态等仿真场景模拟相关载体运动状态下真实的卫星信号,实现对北斗接收机在相关载体运动状态下导航精度的校准测试。该方法具有准确度高、简单易操作和重复性强等优点,可实现实验室条件下检测接收机性能。实验结果表明:北斗系统的定位和测速精度已基本接近GPS系统,但就系统的稳定性,北斗系统与GPS系统相比还存在一定差距。     

声源定位系统动态校准方法研究

基于空间移动的标准点声源设计,建立声源定位系统动态校准装置。提出空气声声源定位系统动态校准方法,获得声源定位系统动态定位实验测量结果,分析影响动态定位结果的主要因素,并进行测量结果不确定度的评定。为车辆通过噪声源定位、飞行器飞行中噪声源定位的实验室动态校准提供了计量技术支撑。     

Experimental investigation of the influence of the relative position of the scattering layer on image quality: the shower curtain effect

The imaging quality of optical systems in a turbid environment is influenced not only by the content of the turbid layer between the object and the optical receiver but also by the inhomogeneity of that medium. This is important, particularly when imaging is performed through clouds, nonhomogeneous layers of dust, or over vertical or slant paths through the atmosphere. Forward small-angle scattering influences image quality and blur more severely when the scattering layer is closer to the receiver. In this study it is the influence of the relative position of the scattering layer on the image quality and modulation transfer function (MTF) that is investigated. The scattering layer in controlled laboratory experiments consists of calibrated polystyrene particles of known size and quantity in a small cuvette. A point source was imaged by a computerized imaging system through a layer containing polystyrene particles, and the point-spread function (PSF) was recorded. The aerosol MTF was calculated using the measured PSF. The MTF was measured as a function of changing relative distance of the scattering layer from the receiver, whereas the object-plane-to-receiver distance was constant. The experimental results were compared to theoretical shower curtain effect models based on the solution from radiative transfer theory under the small-angle approximation. Although the general trend of the experimental results certainly agrees with the theoretical models, it could be that the small-angle approximation method might be of limited validity at such low spatial frequencies. Aggregation also causes some disagreement with predictions from theory.     

Predicting microdroplet force response using a multiscale modeling approach

An axisymmetric microscale finite element model of a microdroplet test specimen is developed where the structural response of the fiber–droplet interface is accounted for by surface-based cohesive behavior. In this study, the interface cohesive response is estimated using a nanoscale interface finite element model that explicitly includes the effects of fiber surface topography and the interphase region. The interphase behavior in the nanoscale interface model is calibrated using indirect experimental data. Once calibrated, the fiber surface topography in the nanoscale interface model is modified in order to estimate the parameters defining the surface-based cohesive behavior of similar fiber–matrix systems with different fiber topography. The effect of altering the fiber topography on the force response of the microdroplet test can then be predicted by the microdroplet FE model. Comparing the simulation results with experimental data from the literature shows that this multiscale modeling approach gives accurate predictions for the interfacial shear stress.     

New absolute vector error correction technique for a transmitter/receiver module

The authors demonstrate how a transmitter (Tx), a reciprocal transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) signal path and two unidirectional receiver (Rx) paths can be used together with short, open, and load standards for the absolute vector error correction (AVEC) of a Tx/Rx module. Once calibrated, this Tx/Rx module can then provide accurate vector measurements of the signals that are flowing into and/or out of the test port. This novel AVEC technique is one of the key concepts in the design of a wideband absolute vector signal measurement system, which overcomes the limitations of traditional measurement instruments by combining the features of vector signal analysers, spectrum analysers, and vector network analysers. The AVEC method is validated using numerical simulation data for a simplified baseband test circuit. The AVEC technique is then extended to the calibration of wideband, high-frequency Tx/Rx modules that involve frequency up/down conversion mixers in a follow-on paper     

A Weibull stress model to predict cleavage fracture in plates containing surface cracks

This study applies recent advances in probabilistic modelling of cleavage fracture to predict the measured fracture behaviour of surface crack plates fabricated from an A515-70 pressure vessel steel. Modifications of the conventional, two-parameter Weibull stress model introduce a non-zero, threshold parameter (σ_w-min ). The introduction of σ_w-min brings numerical predictions of scatter in toughness data into better agreement with experimental measurements, and calibration of this new parameter requires no additional experimental data. The Weibull modulus ( m ) and scaling parameter (σu ) are calibrated using a new strategy based on the toughness transferability model, which eliminates the non-uniqueness that arises in calibrations using only small-scale yielding toughness data. Here, the Weibull stress model is calibrated using toughness data from deep-notch C(T) and shallow-notch SE(B) specimens, and is then applied to predict the measured response of surface crack plates loaded in different combinations of tension and bending. The model predictions accurately capture the measured distributions of fracture toughness values.     

Nonlinear response in glass fibre non-crimp fabric reinforced vinylester composites

This paper addresses the nonlinear stress-strain response in glass fibre non-crimp fabric reinforced vinylester composite laminates subjected to in-plane tensile loading. The nonlinearity is shown to be a combination of brittle and plastic failure. It is argued that the shift from plastic to brittle behaviour in the vinylester is caused by the state of stress triaxiality caused by the interaction between fibre and vinylester. A model combining damage and plasticity is calibrated and evaluated using data from extensive experimental testing. The onset of damage is predicted using the Puck failure criterion, and the evolution of damage is calibrated from the observed softening in plies loaded in transverse tension. Shear loading beyond linear elastic response is observed to result in irreversible strains. A yield criterion is implemented for shear deformation. A strain hardening law is fitted to the stress-strain response observed in shear loaded plies. Experimental results from a selection of laminates with different layups are used to verify the numerical models. A complete set of model parameters for predicting elastic behaviour, strength and post failure softening is presented for glass fibre non-crimped fabric reinforced vinylester. The predicted behaviour from using these model parameters are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results.     

Thermodynamic Radiation Thermometry Using Radiometers Calibrated for Radiance Responsivity

Using radiometry, thermodynamic temperatures can be determined by a variety of experimental techniques. Radiometers without imaging optics can be calibrated for spectral power or spectral irradiance responsivity, and radiometers with imaging optics can be calibrated for radiance responsivity. These separate approaches can have different uncertainty components with different uncertainty values. At NIST, thermodynamic radiation thermometry is performed using radiation thermometers calibrated for radiance responsivity using laser-irradiated integrating sphere sources (ISS). The radiance of the ISS is determined using Si-trap detectors whose spectral power responsivity is traceable to the electrical substitution cryogenic radiometer. The radiometric basis of the NIST approach is discussed. The uncertainty budget for the measurements as well as the characterizations to determine the component uncertainty values is listed.     

一种适用于现场原位校准的双输入激励方法

针对现场校准中各种非电物理量激励源实现困难的问题,提出一种双输入激励法,以电信号标准源激励校准传感器后面的数据采集系统。借助于现场物理量值提供单值激励,以现场测量标准校准包含传感器的被校测量系统,并判定传感器的工作正常性。在其工作正常情况下,以传感器稳定的传递特性模型的平移,表述其现实特性,模型参数来源于以往实验室校准结果,从而以双输入激励法完成全测量系统的现场校准。从铂电阻温度计长达6年的校准结果漂移特性,可以看出该方法具有正确性和可行性。     

GPS卫星可见性预测与接收机的快速定位

为了解决GPS接收机快速捕星问题,提高接收机定位速度,利用历书信息进行GPS卫星预报,提出了一种GPS卫星可见性预测的改进算法.在星历信息基础之上,用此算法对卫星的可见性及概略多普勒频移进行预测,并在GPS信号模拟器和GPS接收机组建的实验平台上,利用此种方法进行捕星定位实验.实验结果显示:该方法定位时间为原定位时间的39.5%.