CASS工艺处理生活污水的应用

简要介绍CASS工艺,并应用CASS工艺处理生活污水。该工程运行结果表明CASS工艺能有效处理生活污水且出水水质稳定,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)中一级B标准。     

电场控制MBR膜污染技术研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)出水水质优良,可直接回用.然而,长期运行过程中存在的膜污染问题依然是阻碍其进一步发展及商业化应用的主要因素.电场是缓解膜污染、提高出水水质的有效且清洁的途径之一.微生物燃料电池(MFC)中的微生物通过新陈代谢作用可将污水中蕴含的化学能转化为电能,用于膜污染防治.利用MBR自生电场缓解膜污染的关键是导电微滤膜的制备.综述了电场控制膜污染的基本原理和研究进展、导电微滤膜制备技术及其应用的研究进展,并指出导电微滤膜的规模化生产及实际应用将是MBR膜污染机制研究的重要方向.     

微滤-反渗透技术在城市园区污水再生回用中的应用

介绍微滤-反渗透"双膜法"在北京经济技术开发区园区污水再生回用中的应用实践,产水规模为60000t/d,相关的工程项目已被列入《2012年国家重点环境保护实用技术示范工程名录》.项目运行结果表明,"双膜法"技术可靠,运行稳定,再生水水质高于国家规范《城市污水再生利用分类》(GB/T18919—2002)及相应分类再生水水质指标,水质合格率达到100%,水价低于开发区工业自来水水价.项目的实施有效缓解了开发区用水紧张问题,保护了开发区及周边地区的生态环境,同时为今后城市园区污水再生回用的研究和应用提供了参考和借鉴.     

MBR在石化工业区综合污水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与传统生化处理技术相结合的一种新型、高效的污水处理方法,具有出水水质好、设备占地面积小、活性污泥浓度高、剩余污泥量少等特点.通过对某污水处理厂选用MBR工艺处理石化区综合污水的成功运行进行分析和讨论,既指出此工艺的优势也对其存在的问题进行了分析.     

MBR组合工艺处理化工园区混合废水的中试研究

通过采用MBR、臭氧氧化、混凝沉降以及补加碳源等组合工艺对南通化工园区的化工污水进行处理,出水总体指标达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准.该组合工艺具有占地面积小,自动化程度高,出水水质好且稳定等优点.在化工园区废水的处理中具有良好的应用前景.     

城市污水处理新趋势：膜生物反应器技术（MBR）使得地下式再生水厂成为可能

经过不断的科技创新,膜生物反应器技术（MBR）使得地下式再生水厂这一梦想成为可能。这一技术在地下式再生水厂的成功实践,开启了大中城市污水治理、水资源短缺和节约城市用地的新趋势。     

A/O MBR处理城市污水回用的中试研究

采用中试规模(36 m3/d)的缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器(A/O MBR)对城市污水处理回用进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,该工艺处理效果优良,系统对COD、氨氮、浊度、细菌的平均去除率分别为94%,98.3%,99.6%,lg6,出水浓度分别为18 mg/L,0.65 mg/L,0.06 NTU,4个/mL.出水水质优于城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T 18920-2002).该系统具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理与回用中的能耗分析

介绍了膜生物反应器(MBR)低能耗化研究进展,以吨水能耗(kWh/m3)和COD去除能耗(kWh/kgCOD)两种指标分析比较了MBR处理较低浓度城镇和生活污水、较高浓度工业废水及垃圾渗滤液等废水的运行能耗与成本,分析了MBR运行能耗构成和能耗较高的原因,并对MBR节能措施和对策进行了讨论.     

倒置A~2O-MBR工艺处理城市生活污水脱氮除磷中试研究

利用天津膜天膜科技股份有限公司生产的中空纤维帘式膜组件,并采用自行设计的MBR中试设备构建倒置A2 O-MBR工艺处理城市生活污水.结果表明,该工艺的产水COD、NH3—N、TN、TP平均值分别为22.23mg/L、1.89mg/L、14.96mg/L、0.38mg/L,去除率分别为91.49%、94.5%、63.4%、87.3%,出水浊度0.19NTU.出水主要水质指标在系统运行正常时可以达到《城镇污水厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准.一般情况下,出水水质可以保证符合一级B标准的要求.对于已污染的膜,采用复合碱性溶液浸泡循环清洗、碱性溶液和酸性溶液依次浸泡循环清洗两种方法可分别使跨膜压差由43kPa降至12kPa,73kPa降至25kPa,压差下降量分别为31kPa、48kPa,恢复产水.     

改良A/A/O工艺在污水厂中的设计方案

贵港市建设发展迅速,现有污水处理厂容量已渐趋饱和,亟需建设城东污水处理厂。该污水处理厂规模为近期4万m3/d,远期8万m3/d,出水标准为国标的一级A标准。通过分析进出水水质,结合工程实际情况进行工艺比选,最终确定采用改良A/A/O+高效沉淀池作为核心处理工艺。该设计方案流程简单,操作、管理方便。处理单元去除效果预测待处理污水经上述各构筑物处理以后,出水能够达到预期的目的。     

Occurrence of bacteria in industrial fluid power systems

Water hydraulic systems use water as a pressure medium to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of oil-using hydraulics. Microbial growth in the systems may restrict the applicability of this technology. In this work, occurrence of bacteria in three different full-scale water hydraulic applications operating in different industries was studied. Bacteria were found from different parts of diesel engine direct water injection (DWI) systems in the range of 1.8×10⁵–1.0×10⁷ cells/ml. Filters designed for removal of mechanical particles released bacteria and particles into the pressure medium indicating that a more frequent change of filters was needed or better filters for microbial control should be developed. The microbiological quality of the pressure medium in the DWI systems did not significantly change during the hydraulic circuit indicating suitability for long-term operation. The DWI studies showed that tap water quality is sufficient to ensure the long-term operation of full-scale water hydraulic applications. The microbiological quality of the pressure medium in a nuclear power plant remained stable (1.4–2.1×10⁵ cells/ml) over long-term operation. The results confirmed that water hydraulics, with demineralized water as a pressure medium, can be used in such demanding applications as nuclear power plants. In the pressure medium of the hydraulic system of a wood processing plant, microbial growth resulted in malfunction. Bacteria should be controlled by a better quality pressure medium rather than the use of a biocide. Electronic Publication     

Reverse osmosis makes mine-water drinkable

Based near Leeds, UK, St Aidans Water Treatment Works is a 20 million litre a day plant that uses reverse osmosis membrane technology to treat water from an opencast mine for drinking purposes. The site was flooded during 1988 when the River Aire burst its banks, and since August 1996 Yorkshire Water has used the plant to provide an additional source of potable water, meeting the needs of up to 100 000 of its customers. Here, we look at the treatment works which was designed by UK company ACWa Services Ltd, the main contractor on the project.     

Application of Time Serial Model in Water Quality Predicting

Water resources are an indispensable and valuable resource for human survival and development. Water quality predicting plays an important role in the protection and development of water resources. It is difficult to predict water quality due to its random and trend changes. Therefore, a method of predicting water quality which combines Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and clustering model was proposed in this paper. By taking the water quality monitoring data of a certain river basin as a sample, the water quality Total Phosphorus (TP) index was selected as the prediction object. Firstly, the sample data was cleaned, stationary analyzed, and white noise analyzed. Secondly, the appropriate parameters were selected according to the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) principle, and the trend component characteristics were obtained by using ARIMA to conduct water quality predicting. Thirdly, the relationship between the precipitation and the TP index in the monitoring water field was analyzed by the K-means clustering method, and the random incremental characteristics of precipitation on water quality changes were calculated. Finally, by combining with the trend component characteristics and the random incremental characteristics, the water quality prediction results were calculated. Compared with the ARIMA water quality prediction method, experiments showed that the proposed method has higher accuracy, and its Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were respectively reduced by 44.6%, 56.8%, and 45.8%.     

空分设备空气预冷系统循环水改造

由于空分设备循环冷却水系统水质不好,造成冷水机组、冷却器等内部结垢严重,导致设备运行不稳定。根据实际情况,将空分设备空气预冷系统的水系统独立设置,并对水系统设备进行防腐、自动控制等改造,大大提高了空分设备运行的安全性和稳定性。     

空分设备空气预冷系统循环水改造

由于空分设备循环冷却水系统水质不好，造成冷水机组、冷却器等内部结垢严重，导致设备运行不稳定。根据实际情况，将空分设备空气预冷系统的水系统独立设置，并对水系统设备进行防腐、自动控制等改造，大大提高了空分设备运行的安全性和稳定性。     

超临界“W”火焰炉氢腐蚀爆管原因分析

针对超临界“W”火焰炉氢腐蚀爆管现象,采用宏观检查和金相检验的方法对水冷壁管爆口进行了检测分析,宏观检查表明爆口附近有多处鼓包、壁厚变薄,金相检验说明了爆口内壁金相组织出现严重的脱碳和沿晶腐蚀裂纹,即高温氢腐蚀。根据水冷壁的材质、超临界水汽特性和水质情况的分析,精处理混床出水氯离子超标是引起此次爆管的一个关键因素。     

Design and Analysis of a Water Quality Monitoring Data Service Platform

Water is one of the basic resources for human survival. Water pollution monitoring and protection have been becoming a major problem for many countries all over the world. Most traditional water quality monitoring systems, however, generally focus only on water quality data collection, ignoring data analysis and data mining. In addition, some dirty data and data loss may occur due to power failures or transmission failures, further affecting data analysis and its application. In order to meet these needs, by using Internet of things, cloud computing, and big data technologies, we designed and implemented a water quality monitoring data intelligent service platform in C# and PHP language. The platform includes monitoring point addition, monitoring point map labeling, monitoring data uploading, monitoring data processing, early warning of exceeding the standard of monitoring indicators, and other functions modules. Using this platform, we can realize the automatic collection of water quality monitoring data, data cleaning, data analysis, intelligent early warning and early warning information push, and other functions. For better security and convenience, we deployed the system in the Tencent Cloud and tested it. The testing results showed that the data analysis platform could run well and will provide decision support for water resource protection.     

西南地区某电厂4×300MW机组水平衡试验与节水分析

根据《企业水平衡试验通则》（GB/T 12452-2008）、《火力发电厂能量平衡导则》（DL/T606.5-2009）第5部分：水平衡试验要求,对西南地区某电厂4×300MW机组进行全厂水平衡试验,掌握了电厂用水现状和各用水系统取、用、排之间的定量关系,绘制了水量平衡图,并针对现有用水状况进行节水分析,提出了电厂节水优化建议.     

Nanomaterial‐enabled Rapid Detection of Water Contaminants

Water contaminants, e.g., inorganic chemicals and microorganisms, are critical metrics for water quality monitoring and have significant impacts on human health and plants/organisms living in water. The scope and focus of this review is nanomaterial‐based optical, electronic, and electrochemical sensors for rapid detection of water contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, anions, and bacteria. These contaminants are commonly found in different water systems. The importance of water quality monitoring and control demands significant advancement in the detection of contaminants in water because current sensing technologies for water contaminants have limitations. The advantages of nanomaterial‐based sensing technologies are highlighted and recent progress on nanomaterial‐based sensors for rapid water contaminant detection is discussed. An outlook for future research into this rapidly growing field is also provided.     

用遗传算法求解供水泵站的效率优化问题

供水企业向来是城市的用电大户，其用电量主要体现在泵站水泵机组的电耗上。供水泵站的高效运行对节约电能、安全供水具有极为重要的意义。文章对供水泵站的效率优化问题进行了探讨，在提出用指数曲线准确地拟合水泵性能曲线的基础上，建立了供水泵站效率优化问题的数学模型，并设计了相应的遗传算法进行求解，仿真实验结果表明了该算法合理、有效。