3-巯基-1-丙烷磺酸钠复配添加剂对铜电沉积的作用及机理

3-巯基-1-丙烷磺酸钠(MPS)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、Cl-(MPS-PEG-Cl)添加剂组合硫酸盐镀液常用于超大集成电路铜的超等角填充。采用极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)研究了酸性硫酸铜镀液中MPS与PEG和Cl-于一定浓度组合下对Cu电沉积的影响。极化曲线和EIS结果一致表明,MPS与PEG和Cl-之间都存在协同作用,MPS-PEG阻化而MPS-Cl和MPS-PEG-Cl促进Cu的电沉积;低电位下,MPS和Cl-,Cu+/Cu2+形成的中间产物吸附于电极表面;MPS阻化Cu的电沉积,但与Cl-一起有协同作用,在超等角填充中起促进作用,大于阻化作用,这种促进作用源于MPS和Cl-的配位反应。     

[MoO_4~(2-)]对Co-Mo共沉积机制及薄膜磁性能影响

从柠檬酸盐存在的酸性环境中电沉积制备了Co-Mo磁性薄膜.实验中固定电沉积条件,以循环伏安法和恒电位暂态法作为研究镀液中电化学响应的主要手段,研究了镀液中[MoO42-]对Co-Mo诱导共沉积机制的影响.结果显示:在酸性环境中,柠檬酸盐首先与钼酸盐形成络合物HrMoO4Cit[5-r],再生成钼氧化物.钴在镀液中主要是以CoHCit存在,CoHCit和钼氧化物同时从镀液中减少,最终达到共沉积,这主要取决于镀液中各离子的自身特性.薄膜磁性测量的结果表明:Co-Mo薄膜的易磁化轴平行于膜面.在与该轴平行方向上随镀液中[MoO42-]的增加,薄膜矫顽力(Hc//)增大,饱和磁化强度(Ms//)减小.镀液中[MoO42-]较低时,得到致密、光亮的Co-Mo磁性薄膜.     

氯离子在酸性光亮铜镀液中的作用及其浓度控制

0 前言 在光亮酸性镀铜电解液中必须存有少量的氯离子才能获得全光亮镀铜层,氯离子作为催化剂帮助光亮剂镀出平滑、光亮、致密的铜镀层.适量的氯离子可用来沉淀Cu+,以避免Cu+引起的光亮度不均匀和半光亮区扩大的负作用,同时促进阳极溶解正常补给镀液中的Cu2+,使镀液中Cu2+趋向正常.本文将介绍氯离子在酸性光亮铜镀液中的作用及其浓度控制.     

Cu2O薄膜的制备与表征

以透明导电玻璃ITO和铜片为工作电极,用0.1mol/L乙酸铜和0.02mol/L乙酸钠的混合溶液作为电解液,通过两电极电化学沉积方法制备了Cu2O薄膜。讨论了pH值和沉积电位对Cu2O薄膜的影响,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对薄膜进行表征。结果表明,两电极电化学沉积法制备Cu2O薄膜最佳的pH值为5.7～5.9,沉积电位为1.1～1.3V。此外,分析了沉积电位对Cu2O薄膜形貌的影响。     

通过氧化Cu膜制备Cu_2O薄膜

通过热蒸镀Cu膜并在空气中退火制备Cu2O薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能量分散X射线谱(EDX)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了已沉积和不同温度退火薄膜的晶体结构、成份和表面形貌。结果表明,Cu膜在200℃退火30分钟可以得到具有单一成份的Cu2O薄膜。四探针测量得到所制备的Cu2O薄膜电阻率为0.22Ωcm。用紫外可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)研究了Cu2O薄膜的光学特性,得出其光学带隙为2.4eV。     

电沉积液初始pH值对电沉积制备钽基RuO2·nH2O薄膜的影响

以RuCl3·2H2O水溶液为电沉积液,通过恒流电沉积法在钽箔上电沉积一层RuO2·nH2O薄膜;研究了电沉积液初始pH值对制备RuO2·nH2O薄膜的影响.分别采用SEM、EDS、XRD、粒度分析仪(DELSA 440SX analyzer control)对薄膜的形貌、薄膜元素、溶胶的Zeta电位及薄膜的物相进行观察与测试.结果表明,电沉积液初始pH值越高,RuO2·nH2O薄膜越疏松,龟裂纹越大,与基体结合力也越差.初始pH值为2.3时,薄膜的孔隙率最佳,综合性能指标最好.     

铜基碳纳米管复合薄膜电沉积制备工艺

为获得碳纳米管分布均匀且导电性良好的铜基碳纳米管复合材料,用超声辅助搅拌复合电沉积方法制备了Cu/MWCNT复合薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、四探针电阻率仪等研究了电沉积过程中复合电镀液中碳纳米管浓度、电镀液p H值、脉冲电流密度等各项电沉积工艺参数以及不同退火温度对复合薄膜的组织形貌和电阻率的影响规律.结果表明:改变镀液中碳纳米管含量和电镀液的p H值可以改变镀层中碳纳米管的含量及分布,MWCNTs质量浓度升高到2 g/L时,复合薄膜中MWCNTs的质量分数达2.17%;改变电流密度可以细化镀层组织并改善碳纳米管在镀层中的分布,从而提高镀膜的致密度并降低镀层的电阻率;合适的热处理温度可以改善薄膜结晶度和致密度,并提高导电性.镀液中MWCNTs质量浓度为2 g/L,电镀液p H为2,电流密度为20 A/dm2,电镀时温度在25℃且加入超声辅助搅拌时,所得到的复合镀膜经400℃退火后电阻率最低.     

导电玻片上氧化亚铜膜的电沉积和表征

研究了用简单铜盐通过阴极还原氧化亚铜的电化学行为，讨论了一些工艺因素对在导电玻片上电沉积Cu2O薄膜的影响，并对所制备的Cu2O薄膜分别用台阶仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行表征．得到的较佳工艺条件为：电势-0．22～-0．45V(vs SCE)，温度为60℃，pH值为5．5～6．0，(CH3COO)2Cu浓度为0．015—0．04mol／L．表征结果发现，随池温的升高，晶粒尺寸从0.2μm增加到0．4μm，60。C沉积的Cu2O薄膜开始具有(111)面择优取向，Cu2O膜纯度高，薄膜表面呈网络多孔结构     

钼粉表面化学镀铜工艺研究

采用化学镀方法对平均粒径3 μm的Mo粉末进行化学镀铜,探讨了工艺条件对化学镀铜的影响.利用扫描电镜(SEM)对钼粉镀覆前后形貌进行观察;X射线衍射(XRD)对所得复合粉末相组成进行了分析.结果表明:采用化学镀的方法可以成功地获得铜含量(质量分数)为15%～85%的Mo/Cu复合粉末,复合粉末中无Cu2O,表面平滑,但有团聚现象;化学镀铜过程中,pH值的临界值为12,随着pH值增加,镀速加快,但是pH值过高会引起甲醛分解,镀液中pH值的最佳范围在12～13之间;随着温度和甲醛含量的升高,镀速加快,镀液稳定性降低,镀液中甲醛含量和温度最佳范围分别为22～26 mL/L,60～70℃.     

超级电容器高比容(RuO_2/SnO_2)·nH_2O复合薄膜电极的研究

采用电沉积工艺制备超级电容器用钽基(RuO2/SnO2)·nH2O复合薄膜,研究了初始沉积液中Sn2+与Ru3+浓度比以及热处理对制备(RuO2/SnO2)·nH2O复合薄膜性能的影响.借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱对薄膜的形貌和物相进行分析,用循环伏安法(CV)对该复合薄膜电容特性进行了测量.结果表明,以沉积液中Sn2+与Ru3+浓度比为2:1时电沉积出的样品,在温度为300℃、热处理2.5h后所制备出的复合电极薄膜材料的比电容达到385F/g.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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