注铌法改善纯铁的抗腐蚀性研究

离子注入法能解决一些传统表面处理工艺所不能解决的问题,并在一些材料上得到了成功应用。为了研究其在核材料和昂贵材料上应用的可能性,利用离子注入表面化技术,在纯铁基体上进行了离子注入铌表面改性处理,并改性层元素的分布、化学态及耐腐蚀性能进行了分析和测试。实验结果表明,离子注入铌可不同程度地提高纯铁的抗电化学腐蚀、水汽腐蚀及热氧化腐蚀能力,最后讨论了注铌改性层耐蚀性提高的原因。     

铀表面纳米铌镀层的结构及其抗腐蚀性能

铌镀层硬度高,化学稳定性好,抗大气腐蚀性能优良,与铀的热膨胀系数接近,可作为铀的防腐蚀镀层,过去对该镀层结构研究不够.为此,采用磁控溅射离子镀技术在贫铀表面以不同偏压制备了铌镀层,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对镀层的组织结构进行了表征,利用电化学测试技术对铀表面铌镀层在含50 μg Cl~-的KCl水溶液中的抗腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明:铌镀层平整致密,但存在靶材飞溅颗粒形成的镀层缺陷,铌镀层为bcc结构,存在择优取向与晶粒细化等特性,为纳米层;在含50μg/g Cl~-的KCl溶液中,金属铌的腐蚀电位-138.5mV高于贫铀的腐蚀电位-641.2 mV,铌镀层对贫铀是一种阴极性镀层,对贫铀的保护基于其对腐蚀介质的物理屏障作用;镀铌贫铀样品的极化电阻和电化学阻抗幅值远大于贫铀,腐蚀电流远小于贫铀,铌镀层对贫铀基体具有良好的腐蚀防护作用.     

铀表面纳米铌镀层的组织结构与力学性能研究

采用磁控溅射离子镀技术在贫铀表面以不同偏压制备了铌镀层,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对镀层的组织结构进行了表征,采用纳米压痕仪与摩擦磨损仪对镀层的力学性能进行了分析。结果表明:铌镀层平整致密,但存在靶材飞溅颗粒形成的镀层缺陷,铌镀层为体心立方结构,镀层存在择优取向与晶粒细化等特性且为纳米镀层;铌镀层为典型的柱状结构。铌镀层在加载卸载压力的过程中发生了一定的弹性变形和塑性变形,-500 V脉冲偏压所得铌镀层具有较好的综合力学性能,其弹性模量和纳米硬度分别为195.1 GPa,12.9 GPa,摩擦系数约为1.0。     

铌及铌合金高温抗氧化研究进展

铌及铌合金以其熔点高、耐腐蚀和良好的高温强度成为重要的高温结构材料。但高温抗氧化性能较差是制约其应用的关键问题。从铌的氧化机理、合金化抗氧化保护和表面涂层保护三方面，论述了铌及铌合金高温抗氧化的研究进展。分析了研究中面临的问题，并提出了解决途径。     

碱金属铌酸盐铁电陶瓷的研究进展

综述了LiNbO3、NaNbO3和KNbO3系无铅铁电陶瓷的最新研究进展及应用.对碱金属铌酸盐体系的掺杂和改性作了总结.介绍了目前制备铌酸盐陶瓷粉体所用方法,重点说明了水热法在碱金属铌酸盐陶瓷材料制备中的研究和应用现状.并展望了铌酸盐系无铅铁电陶瓷的发展趋势.     

溅射方式对氧化铌涂层微观结构与性能的影响

分别采用射频溅射和射频反应溅射方式在AZ31镁合金表面制备了氧化铌涂层,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、多功能材料表面性能试验仪和电化学工作站对比研究了两种涂层的微观形貌、物相组成、附着力和耐腐蚀性能。研究结果表明,两种涂层都呈非晶柱状结构,铌的价态为Nb5+,对AZ31镁合金的腐蚀保护率达93%以上;与射频溅射沉积的氧化铌涂层相比,射频反应溅射沉积的氧化铌涂层的表面致密性和耐蚀性能更强,附着力提高约7.4倍。     

铀铌合金结构及性能调控研究进展

铀铌合金作为一种重要的核工程材料,因其较高的密度、优异的耐蚀性能和良好的力学性能等特点,被广泛应用于核工业领域。铀铌合金受成分及热处理工艺影响显著,表现出复杂的相转变和组织结构特征,使得铀铌合金耐腐蚀性能及力学性能可在较大范围内获得调控。本文按照"成分/工艺-结构-性能"主线,综述了近年铀铌合金在结构、性能调控方面的研究进展,认为:低温时效机制和杂质控制技术仍是铀铌二元合金研究中需要重点关注的问题;高通量设计、制备及表征手段的出现,为未来铀铌多元合金结构及性能调控研究带来了新的机遇与挑战。     

铌及铌合金高温涂层研究进展

铌及铌合金以其熔点高、耐腐蚀和良好的高温强度成为重要的高温结构材料.但高温抗氧化性能较差是制约其应用的关键问题.论述了铌及铌合金高温抗氧化涂层的研究进展.分析了研究中面临的问题,并提出了解决途径.     

海洋大气环境下稀土及铌微合金钢的腐蚀行为研究

为给微合金钢的设计开发理论提供数据支撑,通过显微组织表征、干湿交替循环试验、中性盐雾试验和电化学分析等测试手段研究了稀土微合金钢和铌微合金钢在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,对比分析了其耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:微合金钢的显微组织由铁素体和珠光体组成,并且铌微合金化有助于细化晶粒并能阻碍珠光体组织的形成.在腐蚀初期锈层的主要成分为γ-Fe2O3,γ-FeOOH,对于基体的保护性并不明显.随着暴露周期的延长,γ-FeOOH逐渐转化为α-FeOOH,提高了锈层对基体的保护作用,从而使腐蚀电流密度下降,提升了 2种钢的耐腐蚀性能.经过较长周期腐蚀后,铌微合金钢中晶粒的细化有利于增加表面锈层的致密性,α-FeOOH的含量相对较高,从而减慢了腐蚀速率.因此,相对于稀土微合金钢,铌微合金钢显示出更好的耐大气腐蚀性能.     

铌合金表面高温抗氧化涂层

介绍了铌合金表面高温抗氧化涂层的4大体系--耐热合金涂层、铝化物涂层、硅化物涂层和贵金属涂层的组成、特点及制备条件.我国研究人员围绕飞机发动机涡轮叶片和火箭发动机燃烧室及尾气喷管用铌合金的防护进行了大量研究工作,研制的高温抗氧化涂层已经用于49kN推力发动机铌合围裙和姿态控制铌合金喷管.通过研究认为,PVD和传统熔烧工艺相结合的新工艺及纳米涂层技术是今后铌合金表面高温涂层制备的研究方向.     

医用钴合金表面改性技术的研究进展

钴合金具有优异的生物力学特性、耐磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能,在医学植入领域有着广阔的应用前景,其表面改性技术已成为医用金属材料的研究热点和重点。本文简述了钴合金材料表面改性技术的优势,包括钴合金材料的生物力学特性、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能等。同时归纳了钴合金材料因人体体液腐蚀和摩擦磨损会释放出Co、Cr等金属离子而导致生物致敏等问题。在上述基础上,重点综述了近年来钴合金表面改性技术的研究进展,包括离子注入技术、选区激光熔化技术、真空沉积技术。其中,离子注入技术主要包括氮离子注入、钇离子注入、镧离子注入和钛镍离子注入等;选区激光熔化技术主要包括粉层厚度、激光功率、组分含量、扫描方式和扫描速度等;真空沉积技术主要包括物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积。针对不同钴合金表面改性技术,分别从钴合金材料的生物力学特性、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和生物相容性等方面进行了归纳分析。最后分析了钴合金表面改性的发展趋势,认为钴合金表面改性技术应朝着高生物相容性、无金属离子释放、生物功能化、高耐腐蚀性和高耐磨性的方向发展。     

Formation and electrochemical behavior of Al and O plasma-implanted biodegradable Mg-Y-RE alloy

Mg-Y-RE alloy is potentially useful in biodegradable implants but the fast degradation rate in the physiological environment restrains actual applications. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, aluminum and oxygen ion implantation is employed to modify the surface of the Mg-Y-RE alloy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is conducted to obtain elemental depth profiles and determine chemical state changes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization are employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior in simulated body fluids (SBF). After polarization, the corroded surface is further studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate Al and O ion implantation produces an Al₂O₃-containing protection layer which improves the corrosion resistance of Mg-Y-RE alloy. After the surface treatment, localized corrosion becomes the dominant corrosion mechanism instead of general corrosion.     

Effect of Ta2O5/TiO2 thin film on mechanical properties,corrosion and cell behavior of the NiTi alloy implanted with tantalum

The NiTi shape memory alloy has been modified by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) with Ta at different incident currents to improve the corrosion resistance and other surface and biological properties. The surface topography, chemical components, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility are investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Ta implantation led to the formation of compact Ta₂O₅/TiO₂ nano-film on the surface of the NiTi alloy. The results of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed that Ni was suppressed in the superficial surface layer of the modified NiTi alloy samples. The results of nano-indentation illustrated a lower level of nano-hardness and Young's modulus after Ta implantation. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves showed that the corrosion resistance of NiTi alloys was enhanced by Ta implantation. Cells reached confluency and a double-layered structure had developed after cultured for three days. The NiTi alloy modified by a moderate incident current possesses a uniform and slippery surface morphology and the largest surface roughness, leading to the best corrosion resistance and the highest cell proliferation rate, respectively.     

Design of a nitrogen-implanted titanium-based superelastic alloy with optimized properties for biomedical applications

In this study, a superelastic Ni-free Ti-based biomedical alloy was treated in surface by the implantation of nitrogen ions for the first time. The N-implanted surface was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and the superficial mechanical properties were evaluated by nano-indentation and by ball-on-disk tribological tests. To investigate the biocompatibility, the corrosion resistance of the N-implanted Ti alloy was evaluated in simulated body fluids (SBF) complemented by in-vitro cytocompatibility tests on human fetal osteoblasts. After implantation, surface analysis methods revealed the formation of a titanium-based nitride on the substrate surface. Consequently, an increase in superficial hardness and a significant reduction of friction coefficient were observed compared to the non-implanted sample. Also, a better corrosion resistance and a significant decrease in ion release rates have been obtained. Cell culture experiments indicated that the cytocompatibility of the N-implanted Ti alloy was superior to that of the corresponding non-treated sample. Thus, this new functional N-implanted titanium-based superelastic alloy presents the optimized properties that are required for various medical devices: superelasticity, high superficial mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and excellent cytocompatibility.     

溅射工艺参数对氧化铌涂层微观结构与耐蚀性的影响

为揭示溅射工艺参数对氧化铌涂层耐蚀性的影响规律,采用直流反应溅射技术在AZ31镁合金表面制备了不同工艺参数的氧化铌涂层,并通过扫描电镜和电化学工作站对涂层进行微观结构及耐蚀性测试。结果表明：氧气流量对涂层微观结构的影响不显著,但涂层的耐蚀性随氧气流量的增加而降低;当溅射功率由60 W增大到100 W时,涂层表面的致密性变差,甚至出现裂纹,耐蚀性则先增强后减弱;随着沉积时间由180 min增加到420 min,涂层的厚度增加、致密性下降,对基底的腐蚀保护效果先增强后减弱。     

Surface characterization and biocompatibility of titanium alloys implanted with nitrogen by Hardion+ technology

In this study, the new Hardion+ micro-implanter technology was used to modify surface properties of biomedical pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti?C6Al?C4V ELI alloy by implantation of nitrogen ions. This process is based on the use of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source to produce a multienergetic ion beam from multicharged ions. After implantation, surface analysis methods revealed the formation of titanium nitride (TiN) on the substrate surfaces. An increase in superficial hardness and a significant reduction of friction coefficient were observed for both materials when compared to non-implanted samples. Better corrosion resistance and a significant decrease in ion release rates were observed for N-implanted biomaterials due to the formation of the protective TiN layer on their surfaces. In vitro tests performed on human fetal osteoblasts indicated that the cytocompatibility of N-implanted CP-Ti and Ti?C6Al?C4V alloy was enhanced in comparison to that of the corresponding non treated samples. Consequently, Hardion+ implantation technique can provide titanium alloys with better qualities in terms of corrosion resistance, cell proliferation, adhesion and viability.     

Formation of a nano-pattering NiTi surface with Ni-depleted superficial layer to promote corrosion resistance and endothelial cell-material interaction

Zirconium ion implantation was performed on NiTi alloy to suppress Ni ion release as well as to improve corrosion resistance and cell-material interaction. A thicker Ni-depleted nano-scale composite layer formed after Zr implantation and the corrosion resistance was evidently increased in aspects of increased E _br ? E _corr (difference between corrosion potential and breakdown potential) and decreased corrosion current density. 2.5/2 NiTi sample possessed the highest E _br ? E _corr, more than 500 mV higher than that of untreated NiTi, suggesting a significant improvement on pitting corrosion resistance. Ni ion release rate of Zr–NiTi was decreased due to the depletion of Ni in the superficial surface layer and the diffusion resistance effect of the ZrO₂/TiO₂ nano-film. Increased surface wettability induced by increased surface roughness was obtained after Zr implantation. Zr–NiTi samples were found to be favorable to endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation, especially after 5 and 7 days culture.     

Implantation of silicon ions into a surface layer of the Ti6A14V titanium alloy and its effect upon the corrosion resistance and structure of this layer

The effect of silicon ion implantation upon the corrosion resistance and structure of the surface layers formed during the implantation in the Ti6A14V titanium alloy was examined. The silicon doses were 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 × 10¹⁷Si⁺/cm², and the ion beam energy was 100 keV. The corrosion resistance of the samples exposed to a 0.9% NaCl solution at a temperature of 37 °C was measured using electrochemical methods. The structure of the surface layers formed during the implantation was examined by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results of the corrosion resistance examinations have shown that the unimplanted and 0.5 × 10¹⁷Si⁺/cm² implanted samples undergo uniform corrosion. At higher silicon doses, the samples show pitting corrosion. The highest corrosion resistance was shown by the alloy implanted with 0.5 × 10¹⁷Si⁺/cm². It has been found that, after a long-term (1200 h) exposure to a 0.9% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of the samples is greater than that observed after a short-term exposure. TEM examinations have shown that, beginning from a dose of 1.5 × 10¹⁷Si⁺/cm², the surface of the Ti6A14V alloy samples becomes amorphous. Heating of the 1.5 × 10¹⁷Si⁺/cm² implanted samples at 200 and 500 °C does not change their structure, whereas after heating at 650 °C, the amorphous phase vanishes.     

Effect of sodium-ion implantation on the properties of the surface layers formed on CoCrMo alloy (Endocast SL)

This paper is concerned with the surface modification of a cobalt alloy (Endocast) by sodium-ion implantation and with the effect of this modification on its corrosion resistance. The Na ions were implanted at doses of 1×10¹⁷ and 2×10¹⁷ ions/cm² at energy of 25 keV. The chemical composition of the surface layers formed during the implantation was examined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their microstructure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion resistance was determined by electrochemical methods in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at a temperature of 37 °C. Prior to the measurements, the samples were exposed to the test conditions for 13 h to allow the corrosion potential E_corr to stabilize, and for 181, 733 and 2200 h to investigate how the long-time exposures affect the corrosion resistance. The surfaces of the samples were examined by optical microscopy and by SEM-EDS. The TEM results indicate that the surface layers formed during the Na-implantation are amorphous. The results of the electrochemical examinations obtained for the Na-implanted Endocast samples indicate that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is reduced.