共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
2.
为满足目前对水下金属、蛙人等检测的应用需要,设计一种用于水下金属探测成像的压电式微机械超声换能器。在该结构中,在顶部电极和下电级之间插入AlN层,用于发射和接收超声。当测试距离达到10 m以上就可以满足实际应用需求,而该换能器经过实验得出最远的测试距离为12.8 m,且在12.8 m处测试值与理论值误差仅为0.67 cm,完全可以达到实际检测需要。在一个标准大气压下,利用微系统激光分析仪MSA400对该传感器进行膜位移测量,其测量值为0.28μm,与理论结果误差为1%。并且详细介绍该传感器的工艺实现过程。利用该传感器实现二维水下超声成像,证明水下存在金属矩形物体。该实验有利于水下超声成像系统的建立。 相似文献
3.
为了解决内河船舶因超吃水引起的通航阻塞以及船舶安全问题,提出一种基于超声相控技术的船舶吃水测量方法。以超声相控技术为理论基础,通过控制一维线型超声相控阵列换能器发射聚焦声波,实现对目标船舶的相控扫描,获取各扫描点的回波信号;利用匹配滤波算法对回波信号进行滤波,改善信噪比;利用阈值法提取回波信号的时延;利用渡越时间法,计算出扫描点到各发射振元中心的距离,利用双曲交汇法计算出扫描点的空间坐标;分析回波信号幅值和扫描点位置坐标即可得到船舶吃水深度。为验证方法的可靠性,搭建了小比尺船模吃水测量实验系统,分析了110~140 mm不同吃水深度下的实验结果,计算了实际吃水与测量吃水间的相对误差。实验结果表明,使用匹配滤波法处理后的回波信号信噪比从15.26 dB提高至36.39 dB,实验时,最大相对误差出现在船舶实际吃水130 mm时,绝对误差为2.3 mm,相对误差为1.7%。 相似文献
4.
为了在相控阵超声成像检测时实现缺陷的定性分析,采用部分散射系数矩阵表征传感器采集到的部分散射场信息,并利用部分散射系数矩阵图进行缺陷识别。以相控阵超声全阵列采集获取到的全矩阵数据为基础,结合声波传播过程的衰减性,采用逆向补偿的方法将全矩阵数据补偿到以缺陷为中心的同一圆周上,以此获取缺陷的部分散射信息,并采用部分散射系数矩阵来表征。通过分析缺陷的部分散射系数矩阵图特征,对缺陷进行定性分析和判别。采用此方法对两种典型的缺陷进行仿真实验,结果显示,部分散射系数矩阵图不仅对圆孔和裂纹两类不同缺陷表现出差异性,对同类型不同尺寸和不同角度的裂纹也有明显的不同之处,表明利用该方法可实现缺陷的定性识别。 相似文献
5.
为实现水下桥墩体内缺陷的检测与定位,提出一种将超声CT技术与质心定位技术相结合的方法。采用环形换能器阵列对桥墩截面以扇形束的扫描方式获取投影数据,使用滤波反投影算法重建截面的灰度图像,以实现内部缺陷的检测。鉴于声波在传播过程中会发生反射、折射等现象,利用区域生长算法分割出图像中的缺陷区域,进而求解出该区域灰度图的质心作为缺陷的位置点。计算机仿真结果表明,该方法能够重建较高质量的截面图像,并且能够快速识别体内缺陷所处位置。搭建检测系统对水下混凝土样块进行实验,较好地重建出样块中的缺陷,计算出缺陷定位的相对误差为4.6%,表明该方法切实可行并具有很好的实用性。 相似文献
6.
《中国计量学院学报》2018,(1):14-19
对与球罐材质相近,厚度、坡口形式和焊接工艺相同定制的对接焊缝试块,利用超声衍射时差法(TOFD)检测技术和超声相控阵检测技术进行检测,分析比较两种方法的检测结果.实验结果表明,超声TOFD检测可以高效和精确地检测出焊缝中的缺陷,但它存在近表面和近底面盲区;超声相控阵检测可以借助探头声束的聚焦和可转向的特点,检测出焊缝近表面和近底面的缺陷.因此,将两种检测方法结合使用,可以有效提高焊缝近表面检测效果,提高缺陷的检出率,实现缺陷的精确定位和定量. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
先进的成像算法推动了超声相控阵技术的发展,全聚焦方法(Total Focusing Method,TFM)是一种基于全矩阵捕获的虚拟聚焦后处理及缺陷图像重构算法。文章基于一维线阵相控阵纵波探头全矩阵数据模式,利用Matlab软件结合Field Ⅱ自带开源函数包编写了算法程序,比较了TFM和1/2矩阵方法成像效果并对缺陷分辨率影响因素进行分析,最后用标准试块对算法进行实验验证。仿真结果表明,TFM和1/2矩阵方法都能用于缺陷重构且效果无明显差异,激励脉冲的宽度和频率对图像分辨率影响较大;实验表明,1/2矩阵的成像方法虽可有效降低计算数据量,但同时也丢失了检测区边缘处缺陷的部分信息,因而成像效果较TFM稍差。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
Smith SW Pavy HR von Ramm OT 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1991,38(2):100-108
Transducer design and phased array beam steering are developed for a volumetric ultrasound scanner that enables the 3-D visualization of dynamic structures in real time. The authors describe the design considerations and preliminary evaluation of a high-speed, online volumetric ultrasound imaging system that uses the principles of pulse-echo, phased array scanning with a 2-D array transducer. Several 2-D array designs are analyzed for resolution and main lobe-side lobe ratio by simulation using 2-D fast Fourier transform methods. Fabrication techniques are described for 2-D array transducer. Experimental measurements of pulse-echo point spread responses for 2-D arrays agree with the simulations. Measurements of pulse-echo sensitivity, bandwidth, and crosstalk are included 相似文献
14.
15.
曲面构件被广泛应用在各个领域的关键部位,一旦出现质量问题将造成不可估量的后果,为确保曲面构件在服役期间安全可靠,对其定期进行无损检测尤为重要。因超声相控阵技术检测灵敏度高、速度快,适用于曲面构件的快速检测,特别是柔性相控阵换能器的成功研制满足了复杂曲面构件的检测需求,但目前仍缺乏相应的理论支撑。因此,提出了复杂曲面柔性相控阵动态聚焦理论,并建立有限元声场时域仿真模型。结果表明,基于所提出的聚焦理论,采用柔性相控阵换能器可解决复杂曲面构件内部微小缺陷检测难题,为柔性相控阵换能器参数设计提供了理论依据,推动了柔性相控阵换能器的应用与发展。 相似文献
16.
Hernandez A. Basset O. Dautraix I. Magnin I.E. 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1996,43(4):576-580
A motorized mechanical setup has been designed to provide a series of two-dimensional (2-D) parallel echographic slices of the breast from the regular translation of a linear phased array transducer. During the acquisition step, the breast is compressed between a plane support and a plexiglass plate to avoid breast motions. A stereoscopic computer graphic method has been developed for the visualization of such three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonic data. Experiments on an agar gel phantom and on in vivo female breasts have been performed 相似文献
17.
针对粗晶材料超声检测信噪比低的问题,提出了一种水平分置线性双阵列超声成像方法。将两个线阵超声换能器沿直线水平分置在待检区域表面两侧,用收发分离的信号采集模式,一侧激发,另一侧记录各通道数据,进行聚焦成像。相比单阵列和同位置双线阵检测,文中的方法有效地减少了背向散射信号对缺陷信号的干扰,提高了成像信噪比。在粗晶铜质试块上的成像实验结果表明,当缺陷距离阵列较近时,文中的方法优于单阵列和同位置双线阵方法,成像信噪比提高约5~10 dB;当缺陷距离阵列较远时,单阵列模式和同位置双线阵检测方法失效,但文中的方法依然可以识别缺陷。文中的研究为粗晶材料的超声检测提供了一种可行的方案。 相似文献
18.
Lee JH Choi SW 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2000,47(3):644-650
A numerical simulation model is presented to investigate the influences of design parameters of linear phased array transducers on beam focusing and steering performance. The characteristic of ultrasonic beam profiles has been simulated on the basis of the Huygen's superposition principle. For the simulation, a linear phased array is considered as the composition of finite number of elements separated by equidistance. Individual elements are considered as two-dimensional point sources. The waves generated from piezoelectric elements are considered as simplified transient ultrasonic waves that are constructed with the cosine function enveloped with a Hanning window. The characteristic of ultrasonic wave propagation into a medium from the phased array transducer is described. The effects of the number, the interelement spacing, steering angle, the focal length, and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric elements on beam directivity and ultrasonic pressure field in a linear phased array transducer are systematically discussed. 相似文献
19.
Wygant I.O. Jamal N.S. Lee H.J. Nikoozadeh A. Oralkan O. Karaman M. Khuri-Yakub B.T. 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2009,56(10):2145-2156
State-of-the-art 3-D medical ultrasound imaging requires transmitting and receiving ultrasound using a 2-D array of ultrasound transducers with hundreds or thousands of elements. A tight combination of the transducer array with integrated circuitry eliminates bulky cables connecting the elements of the transducer array to a separate system of electronics. Furthermore, preamplifiers located close to the array can lead to improved receive sensitivity. A combined IC and transducer array can lead to a portable, high-performance, and inexpensive 3-D ultrasound imaging system. This paper presents an IC flip-chip bonded to a 16 x 16-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array for 3-D ultrasound imaging. The IC includes a transmit beamformer that generates 25-V unipolar pulses with programmable focusing delays to 224 of the 256 transducer elements. One-shot circuits allow adjustment of the pulse widths for different ultrasound transducer center frequencies. For receiving reflected ultrasound signals, the IC uses the 32-elements along the array diagonals. The IC provides each receiving element with a low-noise 25-MHz-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier. Using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) clocked at 100 MHz to operate the IC, the IC generated properly timed transmit pulses with 5-ns accuracy. With the IC flip-chip bonded to a CMUT array, we show that the IC can produce steered and focused ultrasound beams. We present 2-D and 3-D images of a wire phantom and 2-D orthogonal cross-sectional images (Bscans) of a latex heart phantom. 相似文献