a-C∶H/a-Se复合膜非平衡晶化分形特征的SEM观测

a-C∶H/a-Se/Al 感光体的 a-C:H 层在能流密度的6.4×10~(14)eV/mm~2·s 的离子流轰击下发生了非平衡晶化凝聚。晶体凝聚物为“链环状分形”。用盒子计数法测得其分数维 D_0=1.35±0.04;用相关函数法测得其关联维为 D_2=1.39±0.03。这与我们用计算机模拟的结果很好地符合。本文同时讨论了这一系列文章([2][3]及本文)对发展一种新的非平衡晶化分析方法的意义。     

304不锈钢表面Cr/a-C:H薄膜的制备及其抗腐蚀性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢表面制备Cr/a-C:H薄膜进行表面改性,有望提高其在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能。采用Raman光谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了Cr/a-C:H薄膜的微观结构和表面形貌;利用接触角测量仪和动电位极化曲线研究了304不锈钢表面沉积Cr/a-C:H薄膜前后的润湿性和抗腐蚀性能。结果表明:所制备薄膜为Cr_3C_2纳米晶镶嵌非晶碳的典型纳米晶/非晶复合薄膜;薄膜表面光滑、结构均匀致密;沉积Cr/a-C:H薄膜后304不锈钢表面由亲水性转为疏水性,水接触角达到95°;在3.5%NaCl溶液中304不锈钢表面沉积Cr/a-C:H薄膜体系的自腐蚀电位约为-0.06 V,腐蚀电流密度为2.95×10~(-8)A/cm~2,极化电阻为14.07×10~5Ω·cm~2,相比于表面无薄膜防护的304不锈钢,该体系的抗腐蚀性能得到明显提升。     

不锈钢表面防护TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜的耐腐蚀性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢表面沉积TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜,并研究了TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜对不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察,结果表明薄膜表面光滑且薄膜结构均匀致密。Raman光谱和XRD测试结果表明,薄膜具有纳米晶TiC镶嵌非晶碳基质的典型纳米复合微结构。通过测量薄膜的静态接触角分析薄膜的润湿性,不锈钢表面沉积TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜后疏水性能明显提高,水接触角高达98°。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明,不锈钢表面沉积TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜体系在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中自腐蚀电位约为-0.09V,腐蚀电流密度为2.43×10-8 A·cm-2,与无薄膜防护的裸露不锈钢相比,其耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。     

退火温度对a-C:H膜结构及摩擦学性能的影响

为研究环境温度对含氢无定形碳(a-C:H)膜结构和性能的影响,将a-C:H膜在大气环境中进行高温退火处理,并借助红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、3D表面分析仪和球盘摩擦试验机等手段对退火前后a-C:H膜的结构、组成和性能进行了系统地考察.研究发现,在较低的退火温度下(300℃),a-C:H膜结构无明显变化,而其内应力降低,摩擦学性能显著提高;在400℃和500℃下退火,膜结构发生明显变化并伴随严重氧化,同时摩擦学性能降低甚至完全失效.结果表明,退火温度的选择对a-C:H膜的结构、组成及性能具有重要影响.     

真空下载荷对a-C:H超润滑薄膜的摩擦学性能影响研究

高含H量a-C:H薄膜因能在宏观尺度实现超润滑(μ0.01)而备受关注,具有广阔的应用前景。但高含H量a-C:H薄膜的摩擦学特性对测试条件十分敏感,为此,本文研究了典型工况(载荷)对薄膜摩擦学特性的影响及其摩擦学机制。采用球盘摩擦实验机对a-C:H薄膜在不同载荷下进行摩擦实验;使用表面轮廓仪观测薄膜在不同工况下的磨损形貌,计算磨损率;使用拉曼光谱仪测试摩擦界面处碳相结构信息及H元素的相对含量。结果表明:随着载荷的增加,摩擦界面处sp~3键向sp~2键转化程度增加,sp~2键石墨化程度增加;摩擦界面处H元素的消耗速率增加,消耗的不均匀性同时增加;在超润滑阶段,摩擦因数基本不受载荷影响,薄膜的耐磨性能依赖于超润滑状态带来的超低摩擦因数,不同载荷下薄膜均没有明显磨损;超出超润滑阶段后,薄膜均出现较严重磨损。     

自偏压对含氢非晶碳膜光学特性的影响

利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（RFPECVD）方法，以CH4、Ar和H2为气源，在CR-39树脂材料上制备出了含氢非晶碳膜（a-C：H膜）。研究了不同偏压对a-C：H膜生长过程和光学特性的影响。使用激光拉曼光谱（Raman）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对样品的结构和成分进行了表征，分别使用纳米压痕仪和紫外-可见光分光光度计测试了样品的机械和光学特性。结果表明，自偏压对a-C：H膜的生长具有重要影响。随着自偏压的升高，所沉积a-C：H膜中的sp^3含量降低，薄膜的硬度和光学透过率也下降。     

PECVD法生长晶化硅薄膜的机理

硅薄膜在太阳电池中有非常重要的应用,薄膜的晶化对硅薄膜的性质和太阳电池效率都有很大影响,研究薄膜晶化理论具有重要意义。选择刻蚀模型认为H原子会轰击薄膜生长表面,打断吸附较弱的化学键,促使形成强的Si-Si键,使薄膜发生晶化。通过Monte Carlo法对具体的生长晶化过程进行了模拟计算,发现薄膜晶相的转变发生在生长温度350K(77℃)以上,并且在低温(T<550K)下,晶化的过程主要发生在氢稀释度90%以上。结果与实验数据在高氢稀释下基本吻合,低氢稀释下有偏差。认为低氢稀释下晶化反应所需中间产物产量少,模型中未被考虑的其他基团影响了它们的相对数量,造成模拟结果的偏差。模型对硅薄膜晶化过程的理论解释有一定的合理性。     

Al诱导a-Si:H薄膜的晶化

采用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在镀Al玻璃及单晶Si衬底上制备了氢化非晶硅(a-Si:H)薄膜,研究了样品在不同的热处理过程中Al对其晶化过程的影响.X射线衍射测量发现,由于Al的存在使a-Si:H的晶化温度大幅度降低,并得到了有强烈(111)结晶取向的多晶Si薄膜.X射线光电子能谱分析表明,热处理过程中Al向Si薄膜表面的扩散降低了Si的成核温度.     

过渡层对含氢非晶碳膜生长的影响

本文利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（RFPECVD）工艺在不锈钢基底上制备了含氢非晶碳膜（a-C：H膜）。在沉积碳膜之前，首先在基底表面预先沉积了Ti／TiC、Ti／TiN和Ti／TiN／TiC等过渡层以提高膜基结合力。利用激光Raman光谱分析了过渡层对a-C：H膜生长过程及膜中sp^3含量的影响。实验结果表明，采用Ti／TiN／TiC过渡层时所制备的a-C：H膜中sp^3含量最多，同时膜基结合力最大。     

利用TiOSO4液相反应制备透明锐钛矿相二氧化钛溶胶

以TiOSO4水溶液为前驱体,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇400(PEG400)为分散剂,在60～80℃下均相沉淀与结晶,制备出透明锐钛矿相二氧化钛溶胶.利用XRD和TEM表征了粉体的晶体结构和形貌.研究了制备过程中溶液中H /Ti摩尔比、表面活性剂、晶化温度和时间对TiO2溶胶颗粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:当溶液中H /Ti摩尔比为5,晶化温度为70℃,分散剂质量分数为2.5%时,得到的二氧化钛晶粒尺寸在10～20nm之间.聚乙二醇400的加入有效抑制了晶化过程中晶粒的长大.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.