反应烧结Si／SiC复相陶瓷的的高温性能

研制的Ｓｉ／ＳｉＣ复相陶瓷强度达到３００～５００ＭＰａ，随温度升高，材料高温强度和韧性显著提高，１２００℃强韧性达最大值。高温性能研究表明，这种材料具有良好的抗热震性、抗熔盐腐蚀性能和抗氧化性。通过控制硅含量和合金化处理，能够大范围调探材料高温电导性能。研究结果表明，反应烧结Ｓｉ／ＳｉＣ复相陶瓷制备工艺简单，成本低，在１３５０℃以下性能优良，是一种应用领域广泛、适于大规模工业化生产的工程陶瓷材料。     

SiC（W）／HPRBSN陶瓷复合材料的研究

采用湿法工艺、超声及高速搅拌均匀化技术,使ＳｉＣ晶须在硅粉基料中均匀分散。制备的含１０ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ晶须的热压反应结合氮化硅复合材料（１０ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣｗ／ＨＰＲＢＳＮ）,与不含晶须的基体材料相比,其断裂韧性提高５０％。对添加剂对硅粉压实体氮化行为的影响以及ＳｉＣ（Ｗ）／ＨＰＲＢＳＮ陶瓷复合材料的机械性能进行了讨论。     

聚碳硅烷化学转化制备SiCw／SiC复合材料的研究

研究了以ＳｉＣ晶须为增强剂和以聚碳硅烷为先驱体热解制备ＳｉＣｗ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料的成型工艺及其热物理性能。同时对ＳｉＣｗ／ＳｉＣ复合材料高温氧化机理进行探索。制得的ＳｉＣｗ／ＳｉＣ复合材料的密度为２．１９／ｃｍ￣３，弯曲强度为２５０ＭＰａ。     

亚微米碳化硅粉末的制备

采用硅酸乙脂和酚醛树脂为原料,合成了具有高混合度的Ｃ／ＳｉＯ２混合物。高温碳热反应后,得到亚微米级的球状粉末,并且粉末粒度分布范围小。本文对碳热反应中一氧化硅的损失作了定量分析。结果表明,较高Ｃ／ＳｉＯ２比导致较低一氧化硅损失和较高的碳化硅产量。在１５００℃反应后,Ｃ／ＳｉＯ２＝３时,一氧化硅的损失达约２０％。而当Ｃ／ＳｉＯ２＝５时,损失＜５％。较高的Ｃ／ＳｉＯ２比对碳化硅的形成速度有明显的促进作     

碳化硅陶瓷和金属铌及不锈钢的扩散接合

研究了碳化硅陶瓷和金属Ｎｂ的相反应，显微组织结构和Ｎｂ２Ｃ、Ｎｂ５Ｓｉ３Ｃｘ，ＮｂＣ和ＮｂＳｉ２的形成过程，分析了反应相对霎头强度的影响。     

原位反应烧结法制备SiC多孔木材陶瓷

以香杉木粉、硅粉和环氧树脂为原料,先低温制成木材陶瓷,然后利用高温原位反应烧结工艺制成了具有原木微观结构的SiC多孔木材陶瓷。TGA研究了木粉和环氧树脂的热分解行为,用XRD和SEM研究SiC多孔木材陶瓷的物相组成和微观结构,用阿基米德法测定SiC多孔木材陶瓷的显气孔率,系统研究了烧结温度和成分配比对SiC多孔木材陶瓷的摩擦学性能的影响。结果显示：SiC多孔木材陶瓷具有类似于原始木材的微观管胞结构;显气孔率随着烧结温度的升高而降低,但随着Si含量的升高而升高;在1600℃下制备的SiC多孔木材陶瓷具有良好的摩擦学性能,后期析出的碳颗粒可以有效降低磨损量。     

聚碳硅烷在热压烧结SiC陶瓷中的应用

研究了聚碳硅烷（ＰＣＳ）在热压烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷中的作用。结果表明,在较低的烧结温度下,ＰＣＳ与烧结助剂等形成有助于烧结的晶界液相。同时,由ＰＣＳ裂解的纳米ＳｉＣ能与ＡｌＮ形成均匀固溶体,从而促进了材料的致密化,并且改善了ＳｉＣ陶瓷的晶界结构,使ＳｉＮ陶瓷的致密度和抗弯强度明显提高。     

利用粉煤灰制备SiC陶瓷粉料

本文以燃煤电厂粉煤灰为原料，利用碳热还原反应，成功制取了ＳｉＣ陶瓷粉料。实验结果表明：碳黑与粉煤灰的重量比０．２９４／１．１４００℃下保温２ｈ，可制得较纯的ＳｉＣ粉，其平均粒径约８μｍ，温度过高或时间过长均会引起粉体长大。     

SiCp颗粒增强铝基复合材料工艺与组织研究

对无压渗透制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料工艺进行了探索，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对其组织进行了观察，用ｘ射线衍射仪对复合材料组成相进行了分析。结果表明：采用无压渗透技术，可以制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料；熔融的基体合金对碳化硅颗粒预制体渗透完全；其过程存在Ａｌ与ＳｉＣ的化学反应，产物为Ｓｉ和碳化铝（Ａ１４Ｃ３），其中Ｓｉ进入基体中，Ａｌ４Ｃ３能与大气中水汽发生化学反应，结果使碳化硅铝基复合材料存放一定时间后发生龟裂和粉化。为限制Ａｌ与Ｓｉ反应，可向基体中加入适量的Ｓｉ元素，可使电裂与粉化问题得到解决。     

熔融硅液相浸渍法制备C/C-SiC复合材料

采用熔融硅液相浸渍法制备了C/C-SiC复合材料,反应生成的SiC主要分布在层间孔和束间孔碳基体表面,少量分布在束内孔.1600℃渗硅2 h,硅化深度约为2～4 μm.由于液态硅与碳之间的润湿性很好,在碳基体表面形成了连续的SiC层,局部有粗大的多面碳化硅颗粒生成;讨论了细晶粒连续SiC层和SiC粗晶粒形成机理.由于SiC的加入,材料的抗氧化性能得到明显改善.     

微孔碳陶瓷化反应机理的研究

研究了微孔碳制备SiC陶瓷的反应过程及反应机理.SiC陶瓷的最终组织受C/Si质量比及渗硅时间的影响.较低C/Si质量比时试样中心未被硅化,较高C/Si质量比时制得由SiC、Si及极少量未反应C组成的复相陶瓷.随渗硅时间延长,复相陶瓷中SiC颗粒的形状由长条状向无规则状转变,颗粒分布则由局部有序向无序转变.反应过程为：液硅因毛细作用自发的渗入微孔碳孔道,同时与溶解的碳壁发生反应生成SiC.因孔道及碳壁尺寸的不同造成液硅渗入深度和碳壁被溶解厚度的差异,结果出现被SiC包裹的小颗粒碳.随后被包裹的碳通过SiC层扩散到液硅中,沉积在先形成的SiC上促使大量先形成SiC的合并以及部分硅被SiC包裹,进而改变SiC陶瓷的显微组织.     

多孔氮化硅/碳化硅复合材料制备的反应机理分析

为了探索碳热还原法制备多孔氮化硅/碳化硅(Si₃N₄/SiC)复合陶瓷材料在高温阶段的反应机理,采用固化的酚醛树脂为碳源,通过热解产生具有反应性的碳,使之在1300-1780℃等不同温度下与表面包裹的氮化硅粉反应,氩气为保护气氛.通过对试样的XRD、TEM分析和显微结构观察,结合反应的热力学和动力学结果计算推测,树脂裂解碳与Si₃N₄反应生成SiC的机理主要为Si₃N₄分解生成Si(l)与C进一步发生的液-固反应,和Si(l)与反应过程中的中间产物CO(g)之间发生的液-气反应.其他还包括C与Si₃N₄间直接进行的固-固反应;C与Si₃N₄表面的SiO₂间的气-固反应以及由SiO(g)、Si(g)参与的气-固反应.树脂裂解碳与Si₃N₄从1400℃左右开始发生反应形成SiC,温度升高对SiC层的生长有促进,保温时间的延长对SiC层的生长厚度影响较大.     

Preparation and properties of mullite-bonded porous SiC ceramics using porous alumina as oxide

Mullite-bonded porous silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by an in situ reaction bonding technique and sintering in air with SiC, porous Al₂O₃, and graphite as starting materials. The pores in the ceramics were formed by burning graphite and by stacking particles of SiC and Al₂O₃. The surface of SiC was oxidized to SiO₂ at high temperature. With a further increase in temperature, SiO₂ reacted with Al₂O₃ to form mullite. The reaction-bonding characteristics, phase composition, open porosity, mechanical strength as well as the microstructure of porous SiC ceramics were investigated.     

Preparation and R-curve properties of laminated Si/SiC ceramics from paper

Laminated Si/SiC ceramics were synthesized from paper via impregnation with phenolic resin, followed by lamination and carbonization of the paper–resin laminates and subsequent infiltration and reaction with liquid silicon at a temperature of 1550 °C for 10–90 min. Due to the capillarity infiltration and in situ reaction with liquid silicon, intrinsic micro- and macrostructure in the carbon preform was retained within the final ceramics. The XRD, TGA, and microscopy analysis indicated that the final material exhibited a distinguished laminar structure with alternating arrangement of SiC and silicon layers. The thick SiC layer was composed of beta-SiC and a little of free silicon and un-reacted carbon. Studies on the evaluation of R-curves behavior by the indentation-strength method indicated a strong R-curve behavior for the Si/SiC composites.     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of SiC coated carbon-carbon composites via pressureless reaction sintering

The effects of processing parameters on the microstructure and oxidation resistance of silicon carbide (SiC) coated carbon-carbon (C-C) composites were investigated. C-C composites were made from plain woven carbon cloths and phenolic derived carbon matrices in the laboratory. Pressureless reaction sintering has been used to apply SiC coating to C-C composites using epoxy resin and silicon powder as the precursor. Results showed that the oxidation resistance of C-C composites was enhanced by coating with SiC. The pressureless reaction sintering process exhibits good processability. -SiC was formed after heat treatment at 1800 °C and the -SiC formed after heat treatment at 2200 °C. The SiC coated C-C composites exhibit good oxidation resistance at 1000 °C for 100 h under the test conditions.     

Role of preplaced silicon on a TIG processed SiC incorporated microalloyed steel

ABSTRACT

Research aimed at enhancing the surface properties of carbon steels by incorporating fine silicon carbide particulates has had limited success because the dissolution of the ceramic occurred. This research considers a method of reducing SiC dissolution by generating a high Fe–Si liquid which protects the ceramic. Three particulate groups were investigated, (1) ～ 5?µm SiC, (2) ～45?µm Si +～ 5?µm SiC, and (3) ～45?µm Si, all incorporated into a microalloyed steel using a tungsten inert gas process. Detailed microhardness of the melt zones together with microstructural analysis showed that the addition of Si resulted in a cracked hard layer containing SiC. However, in Specimen 1, a thicker, hardcrack-free layer resulted from the microstructure developed by the dissolution of SiC.     

Laminated biomorphous SiC/Si porous ceramics made from wood veneer

Biomorphous SiC/Si porous ceramics with laminated structure are prepared from beech veneer and phenolic resin. The preparation involves carbonization under vacuum and reaction with melted silicon to obtain the biomorphous carbide template. X-ray diffraction confirms that the biomorphous SiC/Si porous ceramics are mainly composed of β-SiC, free silicon and residual carbon. Scanning election microscopy observations indicate a laminated structure and 1–10 μm microporous structures, which suggest retention of the native characteristics of the wood. This paper examines mechanical properties of the final composite in relation to the lamination, porous structure, and free silicon content. The bending strength of the ceramics decreases as the apparent porosity increases. The fracture toughness increases initially with apparent density and then decreases. The fracture toughness load–displacement curve presents a step-like pattern, which suggests that the laminated SiC/Si porous ceramics have high fracture toughness.     

采用Ag-Cu-In-Ti焊料连接碳化硅陶瓷

采用四元Ag-Cu-In-Ti焊料成功地连接了常压烧结SiC陶瓷. 研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对碳化硅连接强度的影响, 同时通过EPMA和TEM分析连接界面的微观结构, 并且探讨了连接的原理. 试验结果表明, 在700～780℃试验温度范围内, 碳化硅的连接强度存在峰值, 最高四点弯曲强度达到了234MPa, 但是连接强度随着保温时间的增加呈现单调下降趋势. 接头微观结构由基体SiC、反应层和焊料三部分组成, 连续致密的反应层紧密连接基体和焊料, 反应层由带状层、TiC层和Ti5Si3层组成, 带状层宽度约20nm, 由Ag、In、Si和少量的Ti、Cu组成. 元素线扫描结果显示焊料中的活性元素Ti含量在反应层内形成峰值, 活性元素Ti与SiC发生反应生成新的反应层是连接的主要因素.     

Chemische Zusammensetzung und Mikrostruktur polymerabgeleiteter Gläser und Keramiken im System Si–C–O. Teil 2: Charakterisierung der Gefügeausbildung mittels hochauflösender Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie und Feinbereichsbeugung

Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO₂, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al₂O₃ or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO₂ was observed.     

颗粒整形对碳化硅陶瓷密封材料成型及烧结性能的影响

采用球磨对SiC粉体颗粒进行整形,并借助反应烧结制备SiC陶瓷密封材料,考察了颗粒整形对反应烧结SiC陶瓷成型、烧结性能、显微结构和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,整形后的SiC颗粒的球形度高,粒径分布更为均匀;整形SiC粉体的振实密度和素坯密度明显提高,烧结体的显微结构更加均匀,主晶相为6H-SiC和Si,分布均匀,残炭很少;颗粒整形明显改善SiC陶瓷的成型性能及力学性能,当压力为15MPa时,整形后的SiC素坯密度为2.08g/cm~3,烧结体密度为3.06g/cm~3,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到456MPa和3.87MPa·m1/2。