水泥乳化沥青复合材料粘弹性能的依时性研究

为研究水泥乳化沥青复合胶凝材料粘弹性能随时间的变化规律,采用动态剪切流变仪对不同配比复合胶凝材料在不同养护龄期时的60℃复数模量和相位角进行频率扫描试验。分析结果表明:水泥乳化沥青复合胶凝材料的粘弹性具有显著的依时性。沥青与水泥质量比(A/C)较低的复合胶凝材料强度发展过程明显快于高A/C比的复合胶凝材料,且以2d内的增长幅度最大。两种低A/C比的复合胶凝材料相位角随频率增大而显著增大,且养护龄期越长,这种增长趋势越明显。综合比较可知,低A/C比时,复合胶凝材料的复数模量和相位角均有显著的变化,增强了低频时的弹性特征和高频时的粘性特征,即材料在高、低温时具备更好的粘弹性表现。     

水泥-沥青胶凝材料动态力学行为的初步研究

研究了不同沥青含量（A/C）的水泥-沥青复合胶凝材料7d龄期的动态黏弹性力学行为。选择3种温度环境（？25℃、25℃和75℃）,采用动态黏弹谱仪测试了3种不同A/C的水泥-沥青胶凝材料（简称为CAB）在频率范围0.1Hz~100Hz的动态力学性能,获得了不同温度下储存模量、损耗模量及损耗角随加载频率变化的基本规律。基于...     

分数阶导数线性流变固体模型及其应用

采用Koeller 弹壶元件替代标准线性固体模型中的Newton黏壶, 得到分数阶导数线性流变固体模型, 给出了表征模型动态黏弹特性的存储模量、损耗模量和损耗因子以及表征模型静态黏弹特性的蠕变柔量和松弛模量。采用分数阶导数线性流变固体模型、标准线性固体模型和五参量固体模型对聚丙烯材料应力松弛特性进行分析。讨论了Mittag-Leffler函数的求和截断误差。结果表明分数阶导数线性流变固体模型能更准确描述聚丙烯材料的应力松弛行为。     

基于分数阶导数的沥青胶浆动态力学特性

通过对粉胶比为0.62、0.82、1.02、1.22和1.42的沥青胶浆在20℃、30℃、40℃和50℃条件下进行动态频率扫描试验,研究了不同粉胶比及试验温度条件下沥青胶浆复模量、抗车辙因子和相位角的变化规律。基于分数阶导数理论,建立了Nutting蠕变方程与经典分数阶导数Abel黏壶蠕变模型之间的关系,从而明确了Nutting蠕变方程各参数的物理意义。对分数阶Riemann-Liouville算子黏弹性蠕变本构模型的动态力学响应进行分析,提出了利用沥青胶浆动态频率扫描试验结果确定蠕变本构模型中参数A值和γ值的新方法。     

Terminal Blend胶粉纳米改性沥青的动态剪切模量和黏度特性

为评价Terminal Blend胶粉纳米改性沥青的动态剪切流变特性,借助频率扫描试验测定了Terminal Blend胶粉纳米改性沥青60℃贮能模量、损耗模量、相位角及动态黏度随频率变化曲线,评价了纳米材料对流变特性的影响.研究结果表明:掺加纳米材料1(一种预先分散于聚合物基体的碳纳米材料)可显著增大低频域(ω≤10 rad/s)的贮能模量、降低相位角,有助于改善沥青弹性,但对损耗模量作用有限.在高频域(ω>10 rad/s),纳米改性剂对模量及相位角影响不明显.黏度数据表明,胶粉纳米改性沥青的动态黏度随加载频率增加而降低,表现出动态剪切稀化效应;纳米材料1能显著增加Terminal Blend沥青60℃动态黏度,有助于提高混合料抗车辙能力.数据拟合发现:利用Carreau模型表征胶粉纳米改性沥青的假塑性行为是可行的,且掺加纳米材料1后,零剪切粘度大于其他两组沥青.     

分数算子描述的粘弹性材料的本构关系研究

从分数导数的定义出发,提出了在经典粘弹性模型理论中采用Abel粘壶取代传统牛顿粘壶的新观点.将有机硅高分子材料在MTS831.10材料试验机上进行动态力学行为试验,对试验结果分别用经典粘弹性模型和分数导数模型进行拟合.结果表明,分数导数Kelvin模型可以同时精确地拟合高分子材料的存储模量和损耗模量随频率变化的曲线,而且其形式简单、统一,在计算过程中需要调整的参数很少.     

基于动态蠕变实验的沥青混合料本构关系研究

沥青混合料应变在一定温度和外荷载作用下会随着时间增长而逐渐增加的现象称为蠕变;重复加载蠕变实验反映了路面荷载和变形的响应关系,常用于分析路面高温抗车辙性能。为了真实模拟路面的力学状况和描述沥青混合料的动态蠕变性能,对四种沥青和两种沥青混合料进行动态蠕变实验;研究发现沥青混合料的动态蠕变呈非线性,同时采用经典Burgers模型与由Maxwell体和分数阶Kevin体串联组合的分数阶导数Burgers模型对沥青混合料蠕变曲线进行拟合,并对比分析其拟合结果。结果表明,分数阶模型参数a代表了材料的记忆特性,分数阶导数Burgers模型可定量的描述沥青混合料动态蠕变性能的非线性,能更好的分析其高温性能。     

高聚物材料动态模量测量与分析

高聚物材料具有良好的阻尼结构特性,因此在减振降噪中发挥很大作用。高聚物材料的模量是复数,并且随着系统的频率和环境温度呈非线性变化。将某高聚物材料在动态热机械分析仪上进行动态力学行为实验,并对实验结果采用分数导数维模型进行拟合。结果表明,分数导数维Maxwell模型可以同时精确的拟合高聚物材料的存储模量和损耗模量随频率变化的曲线,而且其形式简单,统一,计算所需参数较少,研究结果为实际应用提供了参考依据。     

服从分数导数Kelvin本构模型的粘弹性阻尼器的阻尼性能分析及试验研究

从分数导数的定义出发,提出了在经典粘弹性模型理论中采用Abel粘壶取代传统牛顿粘壶的新观点.将高分子粘弹性阻尼器在MTS831.10材料试验机上进行动态力学行为试验,对试验结果用分数导数模型进行拟合.结果表明,分数导数Kelvin模型可以同时精确地拟合高分子材料的存储模量和损耗模量随频率变化的曲线,而且其形式简单、统一.在计算过程中需要调整的参数很少.最后将分数导数模型引入静态特性公式,得出了圆筒状粘弹性阻尼器动态刚度与阻尼的表达式.     

基于流变学的橡胶粉与基质沥青配伍性试验

基于流变学理论研究橡胶粉与不同来源基质沥青的配伍性,采用动态剪切流变仪（DSR）分别对不同基质沥青加工而成的橡胶沥青进行应变扫描、温度扫描、频率扫描等常规动态剪切流变试验,从相位角、复合模量和车辙因子等指标评价橡胶沥青黏弹特性,定性区分沥青四组分对橡胶沥青黏弹特性的影响,并对橡胶沥青进行滞回环试验,运用灰色关联数学分析方法定量给出沥青四组分对橡胶沥青的残余变形、弹性贮能、耗散能、弹性比例和复合弹性模量等指标的影响。结果表明：流变学理论是研究橡胶粉改性剂与基质沥青配伍性的有效方法;从能量角度评价沥青四组分对橡胶沥青黏弹特性指标的影响,沥青质对橡胶沥青残余应变影响较大;胶质组分对橡胶沥青弹性贮能和耗散能影响最大,而芳香分影响最小;沥青质组分对橡胶沥青弹性比例参数影响最大;芳香分含量可以提高橡胶沥青复合模量。     

Micromechanical finite element framework for predicting viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures

A micromechanical finite element (FE) framework was developed to predict the viscoelastic properties (complex modulus and creep stiffness) of the asphalt mixtures. The two-dimensional (2D) microstructure of an asphalt mixture was obtained from the scanned image. In the mixture microstructure, irregular aggregates and sand mastic were divided into different subdomains. The FE mesh was generated within each aggregate and mastic subdomain. The aggregate and mastic elements share nodes on the aggregate boundaries for deformation connectivity. Then the viscoelastic mastic with specified properties was incorporated with elastic aggregates to predict the viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures. The viscoelastic sand mastic and elastic aggregate properties were inputted into micromechanical FE models. The FE simulation was conducted on a computational sample to predict complex (dynamic) modulus and creep stiffness. The complex modulus predictions have good correlations with laboratory uniaxial compression test under a range of loading frequencies. The creep stiffness prediction over a period of reduced time yields favorable comparison with specimen test data. These comparison results indicate that this micromechanical model is capable of predicting the viscoelastic mixture behavior based on ingredient properties.     

Interaction mechanism of cement and asphalt emulsion in asphalt emulsion mixtures

The interaction characteristics of cement asphalt composite mastic (CAM) and performance properties of cement asphalt emulsion mixtures (CAEM) were evaluated in this work using chemical and mechanical test methods to investigate the effect of the presence of cement on asphalt emulsion mixtures (AEM). The chemical composition of the CAM was obtained through use of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) as a means to describe the interactions between the cement and asphalt in the composite materials. Test results demonstrated that cement can hydrate with the water phase of the asphalt emulsion. Asphalt droplets can simultaneously enclose cement particles and delay the hydration reaction process of cement. The interaction mechanism of cement particles or hydration products and residual asphalt is a physical compound process. The influence of these findings on asphalt emulsion mixture design and performance properties was assessed using varying mix design components and conducting laboratory-based mechanical test methods for rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility. Mix design components varied including added water content, emulsion content, and cement dosage levels. The optimum fluids content was determined based on the dry indirect tensile strength. It was found that the cement content significantly impacts the optimum fluids content for both added water and emulsion. Furthermore, the presence of cement improves the dry tensile strength, rutting resistance, and moisture susceptibility. Based on microstructural analysis of CAM and CAEM, the mechanism by which cement improves the performance of AEM is attributed to the ability of hydration products to increase both the stiffness of the asphalt binder and the adhesion at the mastic–aggregate interface. In practical applications, this study recommends a mix design method for cement-modified asphalt emulsion mixes (CAEM) based on selection of optimum cement and emulsion contents using indirect tensile strength and verification of the design through evaluation of the moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of the CAEM mix. Threshold values of CAEM mix mechanical properties to determine the quality of the design are proposed.     

水泥乳化沥青砂浆研究进展

水泥乳化沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)系由水泥、乳化沥青、砂、水和适量添加剂等组分组成,并由水泥水化产物与沥青共同作为胶凝基体将砂子骨料胶结而形成的一种粘弹性有机-无机复合材料,是我国高速铁路板式无砟轨道结构的关键材料之一,起着支撑、调整、缓冲和协调等作用。本文综述了CA砂浆的典型组成与配比,综合分析了其工作性能、力学性能、耐久性能、变形性能的特点及其主要影响因素,阐述了其微结构形成与演变特征,并探讨和展望了CA砂浆未来亟需研究的重点方向,为我国高速铁路板式无砟轨道水泥乳化沥青砂浆充填层的运营维护以及新型有机-无机复合粘弹性材料的研发提供支持。     

Determining effects of moisture in mastic materials using nanoindentation

Asphalt concrete consists of coarse aggregates coated with asphalt binder, matrix, which is a mixture of binder and fine aggregates, and mastic, which is a mixture of asphalt binder and fines passing number 200 sieve (0.075 mm). In this study, nanoindentation tests were conducted on dry and wet mastic materials to determine the contact creep compliance, which is used to examine the effects of moisture in the mastic materials. Indentation creep data were fitted using viscoelastic mechanical models. Results show that the dry mastic materials exhibits viscoelastic behavior, while the wet mastic materials shows less viscoelastic behavior compared to the dry mastic materials. Moisture reduces retardation time significantly in the wet mastic materials. The dry mastic materials follow the linear Burgers viscoelastic model and the wet mastic materials follow the Maxwell viscoelastic model. Stiffness measured on the surface of the wet mastic materials is higher than that of the dry mastic materials. Due to moisture conditioning, mastic sample surface might have eroded that makes it less viscous or become exposed to mastic aggregate, and therefore exhibits high stiffness. Indentation results reveal that the wet mastic is softer below a certain depth from the surface. This study projects that the indenter needs to penetrate more than 4000 nm to reach softer wet mastic materials. Also indentation creep holding time needs be more than 1200 s to reach that target depth in wet mastic materials.     

A continuum damage model for asphalt cement and asphalt mastic fatigue

An analytical model is developed for the mechanical degradation of asphalt cement and mastic under repeated loading. The model is derived by applying the strain decomposition principle to consider linear viscoelastic, nonlinear viscoelastic, and damage mechanisms. The experimental processes to isolate the behaviors and the analytical functions used to model each are described. It is found that the Schapery type damage approach is capable of modeling the fatigue process of these materials once appropriate consideration is taken for their nonlinear viscoelastic responses. Fatigue in asphalt mastics is also found to occur due to physical damage occurring in the asphalt cement.     

乳化沥青橡胶混凝土的力学性能

对用乳化沥青(Emulsified asphalt,EA)改善橡胶混凝土(Crumb rubber concrete,CRC)的力学性能进行了研究。通过抗压、抗折、劈裂抗拉和三点弯曲试验,研究了5%、10%和15% 3种橡胶掺量(等体积取代细骨料)下,EA理论计算成膜覆盖橡胶颗粒表面4层、6层和8层膜对应不同EA掺量对CRC力学性能的影响。试验结果发现,对比未预处理CRC和NaOH预处理CRC两个对照组:掺入不同掺量EA后,不同橡胶掺量的CRC的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均有较大提高,CRC的峰值位移显著增大,弯曲弹性模量E_b明显降低;乳化沥青与橡胶质量比为0.15(6层EA膜)时,3种橡胶掺量下CRC较未预处理组相比抗压强度平均提高3.5%,峰值位移提高27.6%,E_b降低21.8%,乳化沥青橡胶混凝土具有较突出的力学性能复合效应。      

Fatigue resistance investigation of warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder,mastic, and fine aggregate matrix

Fatigue cracking is one of the primary distresses in warm‐mix recycled asphalt pavements. This paper evaluates the fatigue resistance evolution of warm‐mix recycled asphalt materials in different scales during the service period. The strain sweep test and time sweep test were performed, respectively, by dynamic shear rheometer to determine the linear viscoelastic limits and to characterize the fatigue behavior of warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder, mastic, and fine aggregate matrix with different ageing levels and recycling plans. The dissipated energy method was used to define the failure criterion and to construct the fatigue model. Effects of ageing levels and recycling plans on stiffness and fatigue resistance were investigated. Performance correlations among warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder, mastic, and fine aggregate matrix were developed, respectively, by the statistical method to determine the critical material scale for stiffness and fatigue resistance.     

Investigation into engineering properties and strength mechanism of grouted macadam composite materials

To further understand engineering properties of grouted macadam composite materials (GMCM) used as a surfacing layer in pavement, the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of GMCM were evaluated, and the relevant strength mechanisms were investigated at the micro level. Results indicate that GMCM has better high-temperature stability, fatigue performance and moisture stability than that of conventional asphalt mix, while it shows an acceptable decrease in low-temperature crack resistance due to the relative brittleness of hardened cement paste. The hardened cement paste also generates a spatial network crystalline lattice in asphalt mix skeleton to form a three-dimensional integral coagulation-crystalloid structure. This facilitates the asphalt mix skeleton and hardened cement paste to bear loads in unison and increase durability of the GMCM. Further, the fibre-like hydrated products of fresh cement slurry on the bitumen film surface increase the interfacial strength between bitumen and hardened cement paste due to toughening and bridging effects, which plays an important role to enhance mechanical properties and durability of GMCM. Finally, GMCM strength is from the internal friction of asphalt mix skeleton, the network structure of hardened cement paste and the adhesion between porous asphalt mix and hardened cement paste. It is concluded that GMCM can better meet the requirements of mechanical properties and durability characteristics than the conventional asphalt mix.     

分数阶微分双参数黏弹性地基矩形板动力响应

基于弹性地基Pasternak双参数模型,利用分数阶微分得到黏弹性地基双参数模型,并在此基础上建立采用分数阶微分Kelvin模型的双参数黏弹性地基上弹性和黏弹性矩形板在动荷载作用下的动力方程;利用Galerkin方法和分段处理的数值计算方法求解四边简支的弹性和黏弹性地基板的动力方程,通过自由振动算例验证该求解方法的正确性;并分析冲击动荷载作用下分数阶微分Kelvin模型的分数阶、粘滞系数、水平剪切系数和模量参数对位移响应的影响。结果表明：分数阶微分黏弹性模型可以描述不同黏弹性材料的力学行为;分数阶取值0.5前后,矩形板位移响应值出现了不同的衰减发展形态;粘滞系数、水平剪切系数和模量系数取值越大,位移响应衰减速度越快。     

基于细观力学的沥青混合料动态模量预测

为了建立能够表征组分材料性能及细观结构特征的沥青混合料动态模量预测模型, 根据复合材料细观力学理论, 将沥青混合料视为由沥青胶浆包裹的集料颗粒嵌入于有效沥青混合料介质中的复合材料, 考虑集料尺寸、级配组成和空隙的影响, 建立了沥青混合料动态模量三相细观力学预测模型。结合组分材料性能研究, 应用该预测模型求解得到了动态模量, 其与试验值比较结果表明, 预测值较试验值小, 产生此差异的原因可归结为模型的适用条件与真实细观结构的差别;据此对预测模型进行了修正, 提出了考虑沥青膜厚度的动态模量细观力学分析方法;鉴于集料与沥青胶浆之间的力学特性差异, 简化了预测模型求解参数, 给出了参数值的范围。