均压时间对VPSA分离低浓度二氧化碳的影响

低浓度CO2是温室气体的主要来源,探讨了用真空变压吸附法对低浓度二氧化碳气体进行分离的实验研究,主要研究了顺向、逆向均压时间对分离效果的影响。结果表明运用均压流程可以同时增加产品气浓度和产品气量;在相同的条件下,产品气浓度随均压时间先增大后减小;逆向均压可以得到更高纯度的产品气。     

径向流吸附器制氧流程的参数实验研究

建立一套径向流变压吸附制氧实验装置,对径向流制氧流程的吸附时间、均压时间、节流孔径等参数进行研究.结果表明,均压时间对产品气浓度影响最大,最佳均压时间为2到3s;其次是吸附时间,最佳吸附时间7s;节流孔径对产品气浓度也有很大影响,最佳节流子孔径为1.2 mm.装置能从空气中获取氧气浓度为93.5％的产品气,产气量0.1...     

泡沫镍负载硅胶结构化吸附材料制备及性能

以泡沫镍薄片为载体,采用浸渍提拉工艺获得结构化硅胶吸附材料。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和多孔介质孔隙分析仪等对吸附材料表面形貌和结构进行表征。探讨浸渍次数、聚合氯化铝(PAC)溶液浓度、处理时间等条件对结构化硅胶吸附性能的影响。结果表明,结构化硅胶吸附材料表面呈均匀的蜂窝状结构,硅胶以中孔为主,孔径集中在5～15nm,所获得的结构化硅胶吸附材料具有较好的吸湿性能。在较少浸涂次数下,可获得转化率高的硅胶;随着PAC溶液浓度和处理时间的增大,硅胶的比表面积增大,孔径减小,比表面积最大为343m2/g。当PAC溶液溶度10%或处理时间2h时,结构化硅胶的比表面积呈现减小的趋势,吸湿性能降低。     

聚乙烯亚胺型吸附纤维的制备及其对二氧化碳的吸附性能

以玻璃纤维作为基质复合聚乙撑亚胺（PEI），制得含多胺基的复合型吸附纤维。表征了该吸附纤维的化学结构，评价了不同PEUEP比例、涂布质量以及吸附气体中CO2浓度对CO2吸附容量的影响。研究表明，在饱和水蒸汽环境中，CO2吸附量随PEUEP比例的增加而增加，对二氧化碳的吸附量最高可达89．11mgCO2／g-吸附纤维，相当于276．96mg CO2／g-PEI，但CO2吸附量随涂布质量的增加而降低。吸附气中CO2含量对CO2吸附容量的影响较大，随吸附气中CO2含量的增加，吸附纤维对CO2的吸附容量也增加。     

有机气凝胶的磺化研究

选用纳米结构有机气凝胶为基体,通过磺化制备强酸型有机气凝胶吸附分离材料.阐明有机气凝胶的制备工艺(磺化温度、磺化时间、磺化剂浓度及固液比)对产品性能的影响.制得纳米网络状强酸型吸附分离材料,其交换容量可达6～7mmol/g,具有较好的应用前景.     

基于双产品回收的C02驱采伴生气低温分馏工艺

针对某油田CO2驱采伴生气气质特性以及双产品回收指标的要求,运用HYSYS软件数值研究基于CO2-天然气双产品回收的三塔、四塔低温分馏工艺,分析乙烷回收塔塔底温度和原料气中CO2含量对两工艺CO2产品量、添加剂用量、工艺能耗的影响规律,并进行三塔/四塔工艺以及四塔工艺改进前后的对比分析.结果表明:三塔/四塔工艺的C02产量、添加剂用量以及比热耗均随乙烷回收塔塔底温度的升高而增大,比冷耗呈先减后增变化;随着原料气CO2浓度的增大,三塔/四塔工艺的CO2产品量增加,而添加剂用量/比冷耗/比热耗降低;四塔工艺改进后CO2产品量稍有降低,添加剂用量稍有增加,但比冷耗/比热耗平均降低14.4％/30.9％.结论认为,四塔工艺在总能耗、冷/热能耗及添加剂用量上都远低于三塔工艺,且CO2回收率高,改进后的四塔工艺则简化了工艺流程且节能效果更为显著.     

K_2CO_3活化法制备芋叶柄基活性炭的研究

以废弃的芋叶柄为原料,K2CO3为活化剂,制备芋叶柄基活性炭,考察炭化和活化工艺条件对活性炭吸附性能的影响,采用等温氮吸脱附测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品材料进行了测试。结果表明:若以碘吸附值作为评价指标,最佳工艺条件为K2CO3浓度200g/L、活化温度850℃、活化时间35min,碘值为1930.4mg/g,BET比表面积为633.215m2/g,孔容为0.194cm3/g,孔径为18.45nm。以亚甲基蓝吸附值作为评价指标,最佳工艺条件为K2CO3浓度175g/L、活化温度875℃、活化时间35min,亚甲基蓝吸附值为298.8mg/g,BET比表面积为604.708m2/g,孔容为0.076cm3/g,孔径为18.533nm。     

生物质活性炭微孔和中孔结构对CO_2吸附性能的影响（英文）

以玉米秸秆作为生物质活性炭的原材料,CO2作为活化介质,分别以KOH、HNO3和CH3COOH作活化剂,在800℃下一步法制备出玉米秸秆活性炭,并针对部分样品分别使用KOH、HNO3和CH3COOH进行化学活化。分别考察CO2活化时间、CO2活化剂浓度、化学活化种类及后续热处理工艺对样品吸附CO2的性能影响。结果表明,化学活化过程可拓展活性炭的空隙结构,显著提高其对CO2的吸附。在最优工艺下(4 mol/L HNO3活化+100℃水浴加热1 h+600℃热处理),活性炭的比表面积达639.8 m2/g,其CO2捕集效率为7.33%,高于市场商业用活性炭的6.55%。同时,考察活性炭微孔和中孔对CO2吸附的影响规律,并采用Bangham动力学模型探讨样品的吸附性能。     

单吸附床微型真空变压吸附制氧实验研究

介绍了单吸附床真空变压吸附(RVPSA)制氧的原理和流程,通过实验研究了微型RVPSA制氧过程中吸附时间、抽真空时间、吸附床长度、反吹阻力、分子筛颗粒直径和产品气流量对产品气浓度的影响规律。实验结果表明随着吸附时间和抽真空时间的分别增加,产品气纯度先升高后下降,存在一个最佳的吸附时间和抽真空时间;产品气纯度随着吸附床长度的增加而上升;随着反吹阻力的增大,产品气纯度升高到一个峰值后开始下降;对于不同的实验条件,都有一个最佳的吸附剂颗粒尺寸。     

SiO_2气凝胶对罗丹明B的吸附动力学研究

研究SiO2气凝胶对罗丹明B的吸附动力学特征,考察溶液吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度及罗丹明B初始浓度对SiO2气凝胶吸附效果的影响。结果表明:吸附量随着气凝胶加入量的增大而减小,在吸附时间40min,吸附温度14℃,罗丹明B初始浓度为6mg/L时吸附效果较好。SiO2气凝胶对罗丹明B的吸附行为可用Langmuir和Frenundlich吸附等温式进行描述,相关性均较好,但更符合Frenundlich经验公式。采用一级动力学和二级动力学模型考察吸附过程,吸附过程符合二级动力学方程。     

TiO2/ACF光催化再生复合材料的研究进展

总结近年来在TiO2与活性碳纤维复合光催化剂的合成方法、结构与性能,及对室内挥发性有机物光催化降解方面的研究,分析TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂对有机物吸附、富集、光催化、原位再生的过程,探讨活性碳纤维吸附材料对提高TiO2光催化剂量子产率的作用机制,认为低浓度污染物在催化剂表面的吸脱附速率提高是TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂具有较高降解能力的关健因素.     

活性炭的双氧水表面改性及其吸附二氧化硫性能研究

目的 制备武器装备贮存微环境用单组分的二氧化硫吸附材料。方法 采用双氧水对椰壳活性炭进行表面改性,研究改性活性炭孔隙结构、表面化学性质的变化及其对二氧化硫吸附性能的影响。结果 活性炭存在微孔和中孔,改性后活性炭比表面积略有增加,平均孔径减小。双氧水与活性炭反应起到刻蚀作用,在活性炭表面产生了纳米尺度的网孔结构,降低了活性炭表面碳微晶有序程度,同时双氧水与活性炭反应时起到了氧化作用,提升了活性炭表面氧元素和含氧官能团含量。体积分数为20%的双氧水改性活性炭的吸附容量最高,达到154.15 mg/g,约为改性前的5倍。结论 双氧水对活性炭经表面改性后,产生了纳米尺度的孔隙,并提升了活性炭表面含氧官能团,在两者协同作用下显著提升活性炭对SO₂吸附性能,具有良好的装备应用前景。     

Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of CO2 and CH4 on activated carbon modified by acetic acid

In order to improve the properties of activated carbons in the separation of carbon dioxide/methane mixture, organic acid, namely acetic acid, is used to modify the commercial coconut shell activated carbons. The modified sample 15H-AC shows greater adsorption capacity than the raw material. To further explore the adsorption mechanism of carbon dioxide and methane on 15H-AC, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics are studied and compared with that on R-AC. According to the results of adsorption kinetic study, it can be observed that the diffusion of both carbon dioxide and methane on 15H-AC is faster than that on the raw material. The findings obtained in the adsorption thermodynamics indicate that the interaction of both carbon dioxide and methane with the modified sample is stronger and the spontaneity degree is higher. The physical adsorption of carbon dioxide on 15H-AC indicates that the regeneration of the adsorbents is easy. The modified activated carbon, which possesses higher adsorption capacity, faster adsorption rate and good reproducing property, is promising in the separation of carbon dioxide / methane gas mixtures industrially.     

Adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide and methane on carbonaceous adsorbents

Adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide and methane on different carbonaceous adsorbents were analyzed and compared. Coconut shell-based activated carbon has the highest adsorption capacity for two gases. Sips model describes the adsorption isotherms best. The separation factor on coconut shell-based activated carbon is the highest under various conditions, reaching about 3.8. The adsorption capacity of the two gases is closely related to the specific surface area and micropore volume of the adsorbent. The adsorbed amount of each component in the mixture is less than that of the pure component under the same condition, indicating that there is a competition in the adsorption process. The total adsorbed amount of the two gases decreases as the proportion of carbon dioxide decreases, implying that the adsorption process is dominated by carbon dioxide adsorption. Additionally, the separation factor decreases with increasing temperature. Understanding the adsorption behaviors of pure and binary carbon dioxide and methane is important in treating biomass gas using carbonaceous adsorbents.     

新型CO2-PSA吸附剂的性能研究

改性后的活性炭表面形成特殊的吸附中心，我们研究二氧化碳在其表面的吸附穿透曲线及压力和解吸时间对吸附性能的影响，经过对Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Cu^2 改性的活性炭吸附剂的研究，我们得出Cu^2 改性的果壳基活性炭具有很好的对二氧化碳的吸附可逆行，而且可逆吸附量受压力变化的影响在一定压力时十分明显，因此是一种优良的CO2－PSA吸附剂。     

Preparation of sludge-based activated carbon and its application in dye wastewater treatment

A novel activation process was adopted to produce highly porous activated carbon from cyclic activated sludge in secondary precipitator in municipal wastewater treatment plant for dye removal from colored wastewater. The physical properties of activated carbon produced with the activation of 3M KOH solution in the atmosphere of steam were investigated. Adsorption removal of a dye, Acid Brilliant Scarlet GR, from aqueous solution onto the sludge-based activated carbon was studied under varying conditions of adsorption time, initial concentration, carbon dosage and pH. Adsorption equilibrium was obtained in 15 min for the dye initial concentration of 300 mg/L. Initial pH of solution had an insignificant impact on the dye removal. Results indicated that 99.7% coloration and 99.6% total organic carbon (TOC) were removed after 15 min adsorption in the synthetic solution of Acid Brilliant Scarlet GR with initial concentration of 300 mg/L of the dye and 20 g/L activated carbon. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm models fitted the adsorption data well with R(2)=0.996 and 0.912, respectively. Accordingly, it is concluded that the procedure of developing activated carbon used in this study could be effective and practical for utilizing in dye wastewater treatment.     

Adsorption of avermectin on porous hollow silica nanoparticles by supercritical technology

Porous hollow silica nanoparticles with O.D. of approximately 100 nm and a wall thickness of approximately 10 nm were prepared by using inorganic CaCO3 templates. The produced PHSN were employed as a novel carrier to study the adsorption of avermectin in supercritical carbon dioxide by applying different adsorption pressure, adsorption temperature, adsorption time and volume of cosolvent. The results indicated that while increasing adsorption pressure and time always showed a positive effect on the avermectin adsorption until adsorption saturation is reached, both the adsorption temperature and volume of cosolvent require an optimal value for achieving the maximum adsorption. It was found that the optimal adsorption could be obtained at an adsorption pressure of 15 MPa and an adsorption temperature of 313 K for 90 minutes with 5 ml cosolvent. In addition, the desorption behavior of avermectin from the avermectin-loaded PHSN samples showed a sustained style: approximately 60% of avermectin was released in the first 20 minutes, while the other 40% followed a typical sustained desorption pattern and was dissolved out slowly for a time period of 3000 minutes, which is different from the quick and complete desorption from solid SiO2 carriers.     

采用不同膨胀机构的跨临界CO2循环性能分析

运用热力学第一定律和第二定律对跨临界CO2基本循环、膨胀机循环、喷射器循环和涡流管循环进行了分析,计算了各循环各个部件的损失,比较了各循环性能系数和总损失。计算结果表明,采用膨胀机、喷射器和涡流管等膨胀设备代替基本循环中的节流阀后,由于这些改进膨胀设备的损失小于基本循环节流阀的损失,同时改进循环中压缩机的损失小于基本循环的压缩机损失,从而减小了循环总损失,提高了循环的COP。膨胀机循环的COP远大于其它跨临界CO2循环,其次为喷射器循环和涡流管循环。     

粉煤灰活性炭处理含铬电镀废水

为了消除电镀废水中的金属离子等的污染,以粉煤灰活性炭为吸附剂、还原剂对含Cr(Ⅵ)的电镀废水进行了处理.考察了活性炭吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)时,溶液的pH值、吸附时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量及废水中残余Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的影响;同时,还对活性炭的再生条件进行了研究.试验表明:溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为50 mg/L,pH=3,吸附时间1.5 h时,活性炭的吸附性能稳定,Cr(Ⅵ)离子的去除效果最好,经处理的废水Cr(Ⅵ)含量达到国家排放标准.     

Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using hybrid eucalyptus wood based activated carbon: adsorption batch studies

Activated carbon has been equipped from wood of Hybrid Eucalyptus. Its adsorption capacity in elimination of cadmium from wastewater has been examined during batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetics of this particular carbon for several factors such as adsorbent dosage and contact time of the cadmium were identified. The cadmium adsorption characteristics and the effect of the initial cadmium concentration on elimination capability were also studied. The optimum dosage of Hybrid Eucalyptus wood based activated carbon to remove 80 mg/L of cadmium from aqueous solution was 1.0 g/150 mL and the optimum contact time was 30 min. The isotherm data fit with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.