碳纤维增强TiC复合材料的制备与高温强度

采用热压烧结工艺制备了碳纤维增强 Ti C复合材料 (2 0 vol%碳纤维 ) ,研究了热压烧结温度对力学性能的影响和碳纤维对复合材料高温强度的增强作用。结果表明 :采用球磨湿混工艺将易于团聚的短碳纤维均匀地分散在 Ti C基体中 ,Cf/ Ti C复合材料最佳热压烧结温度为 2 10 0℃ ,Cf/ Ti C复合材料的室温抗弯强度为 5 93MPa,断裂韧性为 6 .87MPa· m1 / 2 ,140 0℃时的高温抗弯强度为 439MPa。定量分析了碳纤维对复合材料的增强和增韧效果     

威碳纤维及其SiC基复合材料的性能分析

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,国产光威(Gw)碳纤维为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍-裂解工艺(PIP)制备了Cf/SiC复合材料.结果表明,所制备Gw碳纤维复合材料的力学性能优异,抗弯强度达到405.3MPa,断裂韧性15.7 MPa·m1/2.并对GW纤维制备复合材料的表面和断口进行了显微形貌分析,复合材料断口纤维拔出较多,Gw碳纤维在复合材料中很好地发挥了补强增韧作用.     

表面镀Ni碳纤维增强Cu基复合材料的制备和表征

为提高碳纤维/铜(Cf/Cu)复合材料中Cf与Cu基体的结合强度,通过电化学法在Cf表面沉积一层约1μm厚的Ni镀层,进而沉积厚约6μm的Cu镀层,将镀覆Ni-Cu复合镀层的短纤维复合丝在800℃、20MPa下利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备镀镍碳纤维增强的铜基复合材料(Cf/Cu(Ni)),并与相同烧结工艺下制备的相同碳纤维体积分数的Cf/Cu复合材料进行对比。利用XRD和SEM分别研究了碳纤维表面Ni镀层的物相及表面形貌,用附带EDS的SEM研究了Cf与Ni-Cu复合镀层断面、Cf/Cu(Ni)复合材料表面及断口形貌,采用电子式万能试验机研究了未经修饰的碳纤维、镀Ni碳纤维、镀Cu碳纤维和Cf/Cu(Ni)以及Cf/Cu复合材料的拉伸性能。结果表明,镀Ni碳纤维复合丝的拉伸强度略高于未经修饰的碳纤维,断裂伸长率则略低于未经修饰的碳纤维,拉伸过程中Ni镀层无剥离,这与其表面Ni镀层和Cf的结合强度较高有关。Cf/Cu(Ni)复合材料呈塑性断裂,力学性能明显优于Cf/Cu复合材料,拉伸强度提高20%以上。     

三维编织碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料等离子体处理及其表面仿生沉积

为了改善硬组织修复用三维编织碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(3D C/PEEK)复合材料的生物活性, 采用空气等离子体处理技术对其进行表面预处理, 随后浸入1.5倍模拟体液(SBF)中进行仿生沉积, 研究了等离子体处理时间对表面形貌、 亲水性、 表面化学态以及仿生沉积效果的影响。结果表明, 随着等离子体处理时间的延长, 3D C/PEEK复合材料表面粗糙度增加, 表面亲水性得到明显改善, 同时表面极性官能团数量增加。经过等离子处理后的3D C/PEEK复合材料试样浸入1.5倍SBF中7天后, 两种处理时间的复合材料表面均有沉积层生成, 且经过120 s处理的复合材料表面沉积层更加致密均匀, EDS分析证实沉积层为钙磷化合物。      

碳纤维表面涂层对碳纤维增强锂铝硅玻璃陶瓷复合材料热导率的影响

通过溶胶浸渍的方法在碳纤维表面涂覆锂硅溶胶,在高温热处理后,在碳纤维表面形成了二阶和四阶石墨插层化合物。采用涂层处理后碳纤维制备碳纤维增强锂铝硅(Cf/LAS)玻璃陶瓷复合材料。结果表明,碳纤维表面石墨插层化合物的形成,显著提高了Cf/LAS复合材料的热传导能力,提高热压烧结温度有利于热导率的提高。碳纤维表面无涂层处理的Cf/LAS复合材料的热导率在1.1~1.3W/(m·K)之间,碳纤维表面经过涂层处理后,Cf/LAS复合材料的热导率从1.3W/(m·K)提高到2.2W/(m·K),提高了70%。     

TiB2掺杂对碳纤维增强锂铝硅复合材料抗氧化性的影响

目的 研究含有不同质量分数的TiB2的Cf/LAS复合材料的抗弯强度变化规律。方法 以碳纤维、TiB2、硝酸锂、硝酸铝、硅溶胶和氨水为主要原料，采用溶胶凝胶法结合浆料浸渍-热压烧结工艺，制备了加入TiB2的碳纤维增强锂铝硅微晶玻璃（LAS）复合材料Cf/LAS(TiB2)，利用XRD、FTIR、万能材料试验机、SEM等对Cf/LAS(TiB2)复合材料的性能和微观结构进行研究。结果 TiB2的质量分数为1%, 3%, 5%, 9%的Cf/LAS(TiB2)复合材料，在1000 ℃热处理30 min后的强度保留率分别为2.9%, 29.1%, 44.0%, 50.0%。结论 材料的强度保留率随TiB2含量的增多而上升，因此Cf/LAS(TiB2)复合材料的抗氧化性随着TiB2含量的增加而增强。     

表面改性碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石复合材料抗弯性能的研究

通过在碳纤维表面原位生成莫来石保护层和对氨基苯甲酸表面处理来改性碳纤维,将改性碳纤维与羟基磷灰石(HA)复合,制备表面改性碳纤维增强HA复合材料。研究改性前后的碳纤维对复合材料抗弯强度的影响并分析增强机理。结果表明,随纤维含量的增加复合材料的抗弯强度先提高后下降,碳纤维含量为3%(体积分数)时复合材料的抗弯强度达到最大值。碳纤维、表面处理碳纤维、表面复合处理碳纤维增强HA材料的抗弯强度均随烧结温度的升高而提高,且整体提高幅度依次增大,当烧结温度达1150℃时,3种材料的抗弯强度达最大值,分别为55.13、100.95、112.17MPa。表面复合处理碳纤维增强HA材料的抗弯强度比基体提高最多为3.5倍。这主要归因于碳纤维表面通过原位反应形成莫来石3Al2O3.2SiO2保护层,同时经对氨基苯甲酸处理后碳纤维对HA有更好的亲和性和吸附性。     

热压烧结一步法制备C_f/Cu复合材料的组织和性能

为了简化工艺及提高性能,采用热压烧结一步法制备Cf/Cu复合材料。研究了Cf/Cu复合材料的界面反应原理、微观形貌及不同的Ti添加量对复合材料密度、硬度、强度等性能的影响。结果表明:Cu-C-Ti三元体系,在低于1100℃,碳纤维表面生成TiC层,该反应层降低了液态Cu与碳纤维的润湿角,改善了Cu与碳纤维的界面结合。探讨了TiC层的形成机制,提出了溶解在Cu液中的Ti原子与碳纤维接触生成TiC的微观反应模型。TiC层的形成有利于提高复合材料的性能。当Ti的质量分数为16.7%时,Cf/Cu复合材料的综合性能最好,其肖氏硬度高达HS66.94,抗弯强度为97.59 MPa。     

LaPO_4涂层对C纤维增强SiBCN陶瓷基复合材料性能的影响

使用水热法在二维编织的连续C纤维(Cf)表面沉积一种新型的LaPO_4涂层,并通过树脂转移模塑(RTM)和聚合物浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备Cf/LaPO_4/SiBCN陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)。经微观组织表征,纤维束表面较为均匀地沉积了一层厚度约500nm的LaPO_4涂层,且涂层在高温裂解过程中并未和纤维及基体发生明显的化学反应及元素迁移。同时制备Cf/SiBCN,Cf/PyC/SiBCN和Cf/BN/SiBCN复合材料,与Cf/LaPO_4/SiBCN复合材料在抗弯强度、断裂韧度及抗氧化性能等方面进行对比。结果表明:制备所得Cf/LaPO_4/SiBCN复合材料相对其他材料的断裂韧度提升了30%以上;在1350℃/50h长时氧化过程中质量损失最小、纤维几乎完整保留,抗氧化性能明显提升。综上,LaPO_4涂层相比上述其他涂层进一步增强了C纤维增强的SiBCN陶瓷基复合材料在高温下的综合性能,提升了材料的高温应用潜力。     

可注射nano HA/PAG/CS复合材料的制备与表征

通过原位聚合法制备了可注射纳米羟基磷灰石/天门冬氨酸-谷氨酸共聚物/硫酸钙复合材料(HA/PAG/CS), 采用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合材料的组成结构、表面形貌及力学性能进行了表征, 研究了复合材料在模拟体液(SBF)中的降解性能。结果显示: 复合材料无机相羟基磷灰石、硫酸钙与有机相天门冬氨酸-谷氨酸共聚物之间存在化学相互作用, 具有良好的抗压强度; 7周后, 复合材料在SBF中完全降解, 降解方式为表面降解; 在降解过程中, 浸泡液的pH值在6.4~7.4之间变化; 复合材料在SBF中浸泡后, 其表面能够沉积磷灰石, 表明复合材料具有良好的生物活性, 有利于植入体与骨组织形成良好的界面结合。     

工艺因素对ZrO2( f ) / PMMA PMA复合材料抗折强度的影响

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚丙烯酸甲酯( PMMA-PMA) 为基体, 钇稳定氧化锆纤维为增强相, 采用悬浮聚合的方法, 制备了氧化锆短纤维增强PMMA-PMA 义齿基托复合材料。分别研究了单体配比、引发剂用量和氧化锆纤维质量分数对复合材料性能的影响。采用万能材料试验机、扫描电子显微镜和X 射线衍射分别对材料的抗折强度和断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征。结果表明: 当MMA/ MA = 9∶1 (体积比) 时复合材料抗折强度达到极大值; 随着引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO) 用量的增加, 复合材料的抗折强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势; 随ZrO₂纤维含量增加, 复合材料的断裂面由平整向多层断裂变化, 材料的韧性有所提高。      

HA改性短切碳纤维/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混的方法,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-短切碳纤维（C_f）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料, 研究了HA对HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响. 采用万能材料试验机测试了HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)分析测试手段对材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征. 结果表明,采用卵磷脂改性后的HA纳米片与PMMA基体的界面结合性能得到了有效改善,显著提高了复合材料的力学性能;随着HA含量的增加,HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲模量和拉伸模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当HA含量在8wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳.     

石英纤维增强磷酸铬铝/有机硅杂化树脂基复合材料性能

通过甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTEOS)在磷酸铬铝中水解制备了磷酸铬铝/有机硅的有机-无机杂化树脂,以石英纤维为增强材料,氧化铝为固化剂,采用模压成型工艺制备纤维增强杂化树脂基复合材料.考察了杂化树脂基体以及复合材料的力学、介电性能等,结果表明复合材料的弯曲强度大大提高,介电性能更加优越.     

羟基磷灰石的含量对C_(f)/HA-CS复合材料力学性能的影响

以羟基磷灰石-壳聚糖(HA-CS)为基体,炭纤维为增强相,采用原位杂化的方法,制备了短切炭纤维增强HA-CS生物复合材料(C(f)/HA-CS)。重点研究了HA含量对复合材料结构及性能的影响。采用红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和万能材料试验机分别对材料的结构及性能进行了测试和表征。结果表明,随着HA含量增加,复合材料的抗折强度和压缩强度都呈现先增加后下降的变化规律;当HA/CS=0.1时,复合材料抗折强度和压缩强度分别达到62.57 MPa和59.55 MPa的极大值。     

Mechanical properties of glass-fibre mat/PMMA functionally gradient composite

Glass-fibre mat (GFM) reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) composites with different fibre content and four kinds of functionally gradient material (FGM) composites were fabricated. To investigate the effects of glass-fibre content and spatial gradient, flexural test and instrumented impact test were conducted. Flexural modulus increased with the increment of fibre content. However, the flexural strength and the impact absorption energy of the composite exhibited maximum values at 30 vol.%. FGM composite with GF-rich side at both outer layers showed the highest flexural strength. Compared with isotropic composite, higher flexural modulus were obtained from the FGM composites. Impact absorption energies of four FGM composites were similar but their ductility indices (DI) were quite different. FGM composites with proper spatial gradient could have improved mechanical properties compared with conventional isotropic composites.     

Rubber-mortar composites: Effect of composition on properties

The Weibull modulus of mortar specimens containing 35% (w/w of cement content) of NaOH-treated rubber particles was calculated showing a value of 9.1 for the control and 9.4 for the specimens with rubber, indicating that the incorporation of a high amount of rubber does not change the casting reproducibility. Since the flexural strength of these rubber-containing specimens was reduced by 43%, new composites were prepared using 10% of rubber as addition or aggregate. Water sorption by immersion, resistance to acid attack, flexural strength and freeze-thaw experiments were performed. Transport properties were improved for the addition-rubber-containing composites; the best results were obtained with the aggregate-rubber-containing composites. A reduction of 15% in flexural strength was observed for addition-rubber-containing composites and 25% for the aggregate-rubber-containing composites, roughly as expected if the flexural strength varies linearly with the rubber content. Furthermore, after 60 freezing and thawing cycles, a reduction of 75% in flexural strength was observed for the control specimens and only 20% for the addition-rubber-containing specimens.     

A novel approach of developing micro crystalline cellulose reinforced cementitious composites with enhanced microstructure and mechanical performance

This paper reports a novel approach of preparing aqueous suspensions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) for fabrication of cementitious composites. MCC was dispersed homogeneously in water using Pluronic F-127 as a surfactant with the help of ultrasonication process and the aqueous suspensions were added to cement/sand mixture to prepare cementitious composites. A commonly used stabilizing agent for MCC, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) was also used for the comparison purpose. The prepared suspensions were characterized through visual inspection, UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The developed composites were characterized for their bulk density, flexural and compressive properties as well as microstructure. The influence of Pluronic and CMC concentration, superplasticizer, dispersion technique and dispersion temperature on mortar's mechanical performance was thoroughly studied to find out the optimum conditions. Overall, Pluronic (with Pluronic: MCC ratio of 1:5) led to better MCC dispersion as well as dispersion stability as compared to CMC. The best mechanical performance was achieved with Pluronic in combination with superplasticizer using ultrasonication process, resulting in improvement of 106%, 31% and 66% in flexural modulus, flexural strength and compressive strengths, respectively (highest values reported till date). The bulk density and hydration of cementitious composites also improved significantly with the addition of MCC.     

化学气相反应法制备SiC涂层对C/C复合材料力学性能影响

采用化学气相反应法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱等分析手段研究了涂层的形貌和结构,并采用三点弯曲试验研究了材料的力学性能,讨论了SiC涂层及制备工艺对复合材料断裂行为的影响.结果表明:涂层后材料的弯曲强度和最大断裂位移明显增大.未涂层C/C复合材料的平均弯曲强度为172.4MPa,而涂层后C/C复合材料的平均弯曲强度为239.8MPa,弯曲强度提高了39.1%.涂层试样强度的提高主要与制备过程中部分蒸气扩散渗透反应引起的界面强化及SiC颗粒的增强作用有关.此外,涂层后材料的断裂模式未发生明显转变,断裂过程中试样表现出一定的假塑性和韧性断裂特征.     

Biocomposites from Musa textilis and polypropylene: Evaluation of flexural properties and impact strength

Abaca (Musa textilis)-reinforced polypropylene composites have been prepared and their flexural mechanical properties studied. Due to their characteristic properties, M. textilis has a great economic importance and its fibers are used for specialty papers. Due to its high price and despite possessing very distinctive mechanical properties, to date abaca fibers had not been tested in fiber-reinforced composites. Analysis of materials prepared showed that, in spite of reduced interface adhesion, flexural properties of the PP composites increased linearly with fiber content up to 50 wt.%. Addition of a maleated polypropylene coupling agent still enhanced the stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement fiber. As a result, composites with improved flexural properties were obtained. The mechanical properties of matrix and reinforcing fiber were evaluated and used for modelling both the flexural strength and modulus of its composites. In addition, the impact strength of materials was evaluated. Comparison with mechanical properties of composites reinforced with fiberglass points out the potentiality of abaca-reinforced polypropylene composites as suitable substitutes in applications with low impact strength demands.     

枣核/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

为充分利用红枣精深加工产生的废弃物,以枣核(JP)和低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为主要材料,采用注塑成型法制备JP/LLDPE复合材料,并对其静态力学性能(拉伸、弯曲和冲击)和动态力学性能(动态黏弹性、蠕变行为和应力松弛行为)进行系统测试分析。静态力学性能分析表明,随JP含量的增加,JP/LLDPE复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度逐渐降低,但复合材料的弯曲强度得到明显的提升。当JP添加量为20wt%时,JP/LLDPE复合材料的弯曲强度最高,较纯LLDPE的弯曲强度提高63.57%;动态力学分析表明,JP含量的增加有利于提高JP/LLDPE复合材料的刚性、抗蠕变性能和抗应力松弛性能,而温度的升高会对JP/LLDPE复合材料的抗蠕变性能和抗应力松弛性能产生不利的影响。