基于动力学仿真数据的高速列车蛇行状态识别

近年来,人工智能技术广泛应用于高速列车运行状态的识别。用作列车运行状态识别的机器学习和深度学习模型需要大量的数据,然而在实测数据中获取的蛇行失稳数据样本少且不均衡,再者,由于实测数据获取成本高,实际采集数据困难,难以满足各种运行条件(稳定、小幅蛇行失稳和大幅蛇行失稳状态)。为解决以上问题,通过SIMPACK软件建立高速列车动力学仿真模型,模拟出车辆的各种运行状态数据。对仿真数据和实测数据进行互信息分析和希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)分析,发现仿真数据在时域特征和频域特征上与实测数据高度相似。把仿真数据作为训练集,用来训练高速列车运行状态识别的人工智能算法模型,再用实测数据作为测试集进行验证。实验结果表明:仿真数据用于机器学习和深度学习模型中都能得到很好的结果,说明仿真数据可以作为训练集用于复杂的深度学习模型中。     

一种基于POS数据的无人机影像自动展绘控制点方法

针对无人机影像重叠度高,影像处理工作量大的特点,为了提高无人机摄影测量的工作效率,充分发挥无人机技术快速成图的优点,提出了一种利用改正后POS数据自动展绘控制点的方法.该方法根据无人机POS数据纠正原理,通过在区域网内布设少量控制点,建立POS数据改正模型,从而获取POS数据误差改正参数对原始POS数据进行改正,利用改...     

Excel在原水水质检测中的应用

在原水水质检测工作中,运用Excel电子表格处理软件对原始检测数据进行处理,并通过自动计算水质指数对原水水质进行评价和统计,可以大大减小数据处理和水质指数计算的工作量,明显提高工作效率。     

Excel在原水水质检测中的应用

在原水水质检测工作中,运用Excel电子表格处理软件对原始检测数据进行处理,并通过自动计算水质指数对原水水质进行评价和统计,可以大大减小数据处理和水质指数计算的工作量,明显提高工作效率。     

Excel在原水水质检测中的应用

在原水水质检测工作中,运用Excel电子表格处理软件对原始检测数据进行处理,并通过自动计算水质指数对原水水质进行评价和统计,可以大大减小数据处理和水质指数计算的工作量,明显提高工作效率.     

超滤膜渗透通量法评价水质的研究

提出了一种通过超滤膜水的渗透通量或渗透体积评价水质污染状态的新方法．从我国不同地区取来18种水质,包括井水、河水、海水、湖水,并用固定超滤膜的超滤实验装置进行了测试,水渗透体积和水通量随时间的变化可以表征水样中污染物的含量,以此描述水质的差别．由串联阻力模型推导出的修正污染指数（MFI）数学关系并结合渗透体积和水通量的实验数据拟合出18种不同水质的MFI．结果表明,水渗透体积随时间、渗透通量随时间及操作压力的变化与MFI值是一致的．并且从膜污染的理论上解释了超滤膜的实验结果．     

双指数粒子滤波模型的硅泡沫材料剩余寿命预测

针对传统基于模型的硅泡沫材料长时使用寿命评估方法存在的物理模型解释性差、预测精度不高等问题,本文提出了一种双指数粒子滤波模型的剩余寿命预测方法。选取硅泡沫结构的载荷保持率作为特征量,基于硅泡沫材料的应力松弛失效机制,建立了更具解释性的双指数应力退化模型。首先利用最小二乘法对观测数据进行拟合,初始化模型参数和健康状态,然后通过贝叶斯理论对历史样本进行状态跟踪建模,更新状态传递函数,实现载荷保持率退化趋势预测和剩余寿命评估。通过仿真和实验验证了双指数粒子滤波模型预测硅泡沫材料剩余寿命的泛化适用性和准确性,同时与传统指数模型预测结果进行了对比,结果表明本文所提方法预测精度和稳定性更优。     

三维重建技术在拆除爆破中的应用

随着工程爆破行业迈向精细爆破时代,工程技术融合发展极大地推动了爆破技术的数字化、标准化、可视化。影像获取方式的多元化发展,推动了爆破技术的进步。以武汉市原新能酒店爆破拆除工程为案例,采用无人机等载体搭载相关测量设备,对爆破区域进行影像数据扫描,获取区间的影像数据,并通过三维重建软件进行后处理,快速获取爆破区域内的三维影像信息。实践证明:三维重建技术能够在爆破前为爆破工程的设计、施工和安全防护等方案确定提供必要的信息支撑;在爆破后,数字化重现爆破效果,实现对爆堆各项参数的定量分析,从而多角度、全方位地评估爆破质量。采集的影像数据经过适当处理后还可作为档案长期保存,为后续相关爆破工程提供有效参考。     

水质在线监测仪器的现场校准与计量溯源

正一、水质环境监测中的计量工作环境监测是采用科学的计量检测装备、仪器及严格的计量管理方法对环境状态进行检测,以获取即时检测数据用于环境监督、管理的过程。因此,计量工作是环境监测的基础,能够为环境监测提供技术保证,计量的支撑作用如图1所示。计量工作主要通过技术规范制定、标准物质研制等方面为水质环境在线监测领域数据的"真、     

模糊神经网络模型在水环境质量评价中的应用

鉴于水质类型与分级标准间存在模糊性,为准确评价水环境质量,建立模糊神经网络模型,对辽源市6口井进行地下水水质评价,并将结果与尼梅罗指数法的评价结果比较。结果表明,模糊神经网络评价水质是可行的,能够反映各评价因子质量的相对状态,该模型具有较强的学习能力,较传统方法比具有较高的识别精度,提高水质评价的准确性,为日后保护和管理水环境提供科学依据。     

环鄱阳湖区域系列旅游衍生产品设计策略研究

系统研究环鄱阳湖系列旅游衍生产品设计,提出了环鄱阳湖系列旅游衍生产品的定义和设计策略及设计原则,并用于指导环鄱阳湖系列旅游衍生产品设计,获得具有鄱阳湖区域特色的产品,提升鄱阳湖区旅游产品形象,且鄱阳湖区的文化推进鄱阳湖区域旅游的发展。     

鄱阳湖地域特色因子的文创产品活态化设计探索

目的 以鄱阳湖地域特色因子在文创产品中的“活态化”设计为研究方向,通过构建鄱阳湖地域特色因子素材库,提出活化文创产品内涵的创新性设计方法,实现对鄱阳湖地域特色因子的弘扬以及中华优秀传统文化的传承。方法 提取鄱阳湖地域特色因子中的造型因子、纹样因子、色彩因子作为设计要素,融合“活态化”理念设计再造文创产品展现文化魅力,以实例佐证设计方法的可行性。结论 使鄱阳湖地域特色因子的造型创新与内涵沿袭在设计过程中达到平衡,使鄱阳湖地域特色因子文创产品能够取“形”延“意”,寄“情”于“景”,构建集功能价值与审美价值于一体的现代文创产品,提升文化认同感的同时增加文创产品的市场竞争力,为鄱阳湖地域特色因子的传承与文创产品的发展开辟有效路径。     

Absorption and backscattering coefficients and their relations to water constituents of Poyang Lake, China

The measurement and analysis of inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the main water constituents are necessary for remote-sensing-based water quality estimation and other ecological studies of lakes. This study aimed to measure and analyze the absorption and backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents and, further, to analyze their relations to the water constituent concentrations in Poyang Lake, China. The concentrations and the absorption and backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents at 47 sampling sites were measured and analyzed as follows. (1) The concentrations of chlorophyll a (C(CHL)), dissolved organic carbon (C(DOC)), suspended particulate matter (C(SPM)), including suspended particulate inorganic matter (C(SPIM)) and suspended particulate organic matter (C(SPOM)), and the absorption coefficients of total particulate (a(p)), phytoplankton (a(ph)), nonpigment particulate (a(d)), and colored/chromophoric dissolved organic matter (a(g)) were measured in the laboratory. (2) The total backscattering coefficients, including the contribution of pure water at six wavelengths of 420, 442, 470, 510, 590, and 700 nm, were measured in the field with a HydroScat-6 backscattering sensor. (3) The backscattering coefficients without the contribution of pure water (b(b)) were then derived by subtracting the backscattering coefficients of pure water from the total backscattering coefficients. (4) The C(CHL), C(SPM), C(SPIM), C(SPOM), and C(DOC) of the 41 remaining water samples were statistically described and their correlations were analyzed. (5) The a(ph), a(d), a(p), a(g), and b(b) were visualized and analyzed, and their relations to C(CHL), C(SPM), C(SPIM), C(SPOM), or C(DOC) were studied. Results showed the following. (1) Poyang Lake was a suspended particulate inorganic matter dominant lake with low phytoplankton concentration. (2) One salient a(ph) absorption peak was found at 678 nm, and it explained 72% of the variation of C(CHL). (3) The a(d) and a(p) exponentially decreased with increasing wavelength, and they explained 74% of the variation of C(SPIM) and 71% variation of C(SPM), respectively, at a wavelength of 440 nm. (4) The a(g) also exponentially decreased with increasing wavelength, and it had no significant correlation to C(DOC) at a significance level of 0.05. (5) The b(b) decreased with increasing wavelength, and it had strong and positive correlations to C(SPM), C(SPIM) and C(SPOM), a strong and negative correlation to C(CHL), and no correlation to C(DOC) at a significance level of 0.05. Such results will be helpful for the understanding of the IOPs of Poyang Lake. They, however, only represented the IOPs during the sampling time period, and more measurements and analyses in different seasons need to be carried out in the future to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the IOPs of Poyang Lake.     

鄱阳湖流域生态补偿机制构建的设想

流域生态补偿是一种具有经济激励特征的机制,是解决流域上中下游之间水资源开发利用不公和发展机会不均的重要方式。针对鄱阳湖生态经济区建设的战略目标需求,提出了鄱阳湖流域生态补偿机制构建的设想,以期为协调鄱阳湖生态经济区建设发展和流域生态资源的保护提供指导,最终实现鄱阳湖流域上中下游地区的互惠共赢。     

基于ENVISAT ASAR数据的鄱阳湖湿地生物量反演研究

湿生植被是鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,生物量的大小是衡量湿地生态系统初级生产力的主要指标之一.本文利用ENVISAT ASAR交替极化(HH,VV)数据对鄱阳湖湿地地区的湿生植被进行生物量反演研究,并在密歇根微波冠层散射(MIMICS)模型模拟分析的基础上利用人工神经网络(ANN)方法来反演生物量.据此计算出鄱阳湖4月份湿生植被的总生物量干重约为1.065×109kg,并给出了生物量分布图.反演结果表明,ENVISAT ASAR数据可以很好地用于湿地植被生物量反演;神经网络生物量反演方法可以有效地表达生物量与后向散射系数之间复杂的非线性关系,从而大大提高反演精度;反演结果的误差主要来自于实地采样、图像配准、反演计算过程中带来的误差.     

Task-specific information for imaging system analysis

Imagery is often used to accomplish some computational task. In such cases there are some aspects of the imagery that are relevant to the task and other aspects that are not. In order to quantify the task-specific quality of such imagery, we introduce the concept of task-specific information (TSI). A formal framework for the computation of TSI is described and is applied to three common tasks: target detection, classification, and localization. We demonstrate the utility of TSI as a metric for evaluating the performance of three imaging systems: ideal geometric, diffraction-limited, and projective. The TSI results obtained from the simulation study quantify the degradation in the task-specific performance with optical blur. We also demonstrate that projective imagers can provide higher TSI than conventional imagers at small signal-to-noise ratios.     

基于模糊综合评价法的内蒙古达里诺尔湖水环境质量评价

采用模糊综合评价法对内蒙古达里诺尔湖水质现状进行评价,利用2008年达里诺尔湖水质实际监测数据,确定了评价因子和各因子的权重,建立了评价因子的隶属函数和模糊矩阵,最后对达里诺尔湖水质现状进行综合评价。评价结果符合实际情况,说明模糊综合评价法用于达里诺尔湖水质评价的合理性和可靠性,并对控制湖泊水质污染提供了一定的理论依据。     

Detection of chromium in wastewater from refuse incineration power plant near Poyang Lake by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was developed for determination of toxic metals Cr in wastewater collected from a refuse incineration power plant near Poyang Lake. The plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm on the surface of liquid. Experimental conditions were optimized for improving the sensitivity and repeatability of the LIBS system through a parametric dependence study in potassium bichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) aqueous solutions. Calibration curves for Cr I 425.43 and 357.87 nm lines are compared and the limit of detection is found to be 39 and 86 ppm, respectively. This calibration curve of Cr I 425.43 nm has been used for quantification of Cr in wastewater collected from a refuse incineration power plant near Poyang Lake where the concentration of Cr is found to be 97 ppm. The results between LIBS and standard analytical technique such as atomic absorption spectroscopy were compared, and the relative standard deviation was 8.5%.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区出版物包装的低碳设计研究

从保持绿色生态资源发展优势、促进产业发展优势和保持品牌优势的需要出发,阐述了鄱阳湖生态经济区出版物包装低碳设计的必要性,并对区域内出版物包装低碳设计发展存在的问题进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了通过加强政策引导及支持、加强对新技术新材料的利用、加强出版物包装低碳设计创新来推进区域内出版物包装低碳设计发展的对策,以实现生态环境和经济发展的双赢。     

Competitive strategies for Taiwan's semiconductor industry in a new world economy

Taiwan's semiconductor industry (TSI) has been a popular research subject. In particular, the small island country's characteristic fast follower approaches to starting a capital and knowledge-intensive high-tech industry – such as the semiconductor industry – and making it a success story provide valuable insight into the fast-changing dynamics of these industries and a role model for developing countries. For a long time, the primary competitive edges of TSI have been speed, cost, flexibility, and quality, enabled by policy formulation, bridging institutions, public infrastructure, vertical disintegration, entrepreneurship, and human capital. However, facing heightened competition, a change of status (i.e. TSI is no longer a follower but a forerunner in a relatively mature state), and a changing world economy, TSI needs to develop additional core competencies to remain competitive. This article discusses the approaches adopted by Taiwan's public and private sectors for such a purpose. By surveying a wide variety of data including laws and policies, national science and technology programs, industry news, market reports, and relevant literature, the study suggests that technology, value, sustainability, and brand are the additional competitive edges being developed for TSI. The paper also discusses potential obstacles for TSI in the foreseeable future.