NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-Co-p合金及其耐腐蚀性能研究

采用化学镀方法制备Ni-Co-P三元合金镀层以改善NdFeB磁体的耐腐蚀性能.优化了镀液配方以及施镀工艺,研究了镀液pH值和金属离子配比([Co2 ]/[Ni2 Co2 ])对沉积速度和镀层成分的影响,测量了NdFeB基体和不同镀层在3.5%(质量分数,下同)NaCl溶液中的极化曲线.结果表明,随镀液pH值增加,沉积速度提高,镀层中Co含量升高,Ni含量和P含量逐渐降低;随镀液中Co2 比例增加,沉积速度下降,镀层中Co含量升高,Ni和P含量降低.化学镀Ni-Co-P合金后的NdFeB磁体在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速度降低了约两个数量级;当镀液金属离子配比[Co2 ]/[Ni2 Co2 ]=0.3时,镀层耐腐蚀性能最好,且优于相同施镀条件下所得到的Ni-P镀层.     

电镀Ag-Cd合金工艺研究

研究了氰化物体系电沉积银镉合金的工艺。研究表明，提高镀液Cd^2 和Ag^ 浓度比、提高电流密度、降低温度、增加镀液中络合剂和辅助络合剂的浓度都能使镀层镉含量提高，从而确定了电沉积含镉15％-18％的Ag-Cd合金镀层的最佳镀液组成和工艺条件。XRD分析表明，镉含量为17％的银镉合金镀层中含有金属间化合物AgCd。AgCd的存在，大大提高了镀层的硬度、耐磨性，但降低了其塑性，使镀层变脆。SEM观察含Cd17％的Ag-Cd合金镀层的形貌发现，镀层结晶细致，颗粒分布均匀。通过对不同镉含量的合金镀层的硬度测试，确定含镉15％-18％的Ag-Cd合金镀层硬度最高。利用阴极极化曲线分析了Ag-Cd合金的共沉积特征。     

锌镍合金镀液中锌镍离子浓度对镀层镍含量的影响

为了得到成分较稳定的锌镍合金镀层,考察了镀液中锌、镍离子浓度对镀层镍含量影响情况,发现镀液中锌镍离子摩尔浓度比对镀层镍含量影响最大;控制镀液中c(Ni2 )/[c(Ni2 ) c(Zn2 )]为0.15～0.17、c(Ni2 ) c(Zn2 )在0.17～0.40 mol/L范围内,能得到镍含量质量分数在13%左右的高耐蚀性锌镍合金镀层.循环伏安曲线分析表明,在合金电镀过程中,Zn2 的存在和析出会在阴极表面形成中间产物吸附膜,使镍的还原受阻,导致合金镀层的镍含量低于镀液中的c(Ni2 )/[c(Ni2 ) c(Zn2 )],锌镍合金共沉积表现为异常共沉积.     

Ni-Cu-P合金化学镀层制备及组织结构的研究

研究了 Ni－ Cu－ P化学镀液主要成分、 pH值及时间等工艺参数对化学沉积 Ni－ Cu－ P合金镀层成分及镀速的影响。通过选择适当的镀液成分及工艺参数,得到了 Cu含量从 0到 56.18wt％的 Ni－ Cu－ P合金镀层。利用 X射线能谱术 (EDS)和 X射线衍射术 (XRD)研究了镀液中硫酸铜浓度对 Ni－ Cu－ P合金镀层成分及组织结构的影响。在硫酸铜浓度低于 3g/l时, Ni－ Cu－ P合金镀层中 P含量高于 7.05wt％,合金镀层是非晶态结构。     

陶瓷封装电沉积Ni-Co合金的研究

为了使用Ni-Co合金代替Ni作为陶瓷封装电镀金层的底镀层以提高它的抗高温老化能力，系统地研究了从氨基磺酸盐镀液中获得低Co含量Ni-Co合金镀层的规律，研究发现镀层中Co含量随着镀液中Co含量的升高而升高，随着镀液中温度的升高而略有上升，随着电流密度的上升而下降，镀液pH值对镀层中Co含量基本没有什么影响。研究还发现镀层中加入Co能够降低镀层的内应力，但同时引起镀层硬度的上升。推荐在陶瓷封装中使用含15％Co(质量分数）左右的Ni-Col合金镀层来代替Ni作为底镀层。     

Fe-Ni合金电沉积的电化学行为

利用线性扫描法和循环伏安法分别讨论了镀液中Fe2+和Ni2+浓度、pH值、温度、光亮剂、配位剂含量对Fe-Ni合金电沉积的电化学行为的影响。结果表明,镀液的pH值降低,温度升高时,Fe-Ni合金共沉积的阴极极化减小,镀液中Fe2+浓度增加,Ni2+浓度减小,Fe-Ni合金共沉积的阴极极化增大;加入光亮剂和配位剂时,有利于提高镀层的致密性,同时镀层的耐腐蚀性增强。通过计算Fe-Ni合金共沉积电极反应的表观活化能,阴极电极电势在-1.0～-1.2V时,表观活化能均40kJ/mol,说明Fe-Ni合金的共沉积过程为电化学步骤控制。XRD表明Fe-Ni合金为固溶体晶体结构,SEM表明镀层表面光亮平滑。     

Ni-Fe合金电沉积工艺参数对镀层铁含量的影响

以Ni-Fe合金电沉积层代替纯Ni层,可以节约贵金属Ni.在铝箔上电沉积了Ni-Fe合金镀层,研究了电镀液中不同Fe2+/Ni2+摩尔比、电流密度、pH值及温度等因素对Ni-Fe合金镀层中Fe含量及镀层结构的影响.结果表明:随Fe2+/Ni2+摩尔比增加,镀层中的Fe含量呈线性增加;开始时随着电流密度的增加,镀层中的Fe含量不断增加,超过4.5 A/dm2后,Fe含量反而不断减少;随镀液pH值的增大,镀层中Fe含量不断增加;随镀液温度提高,镀层中Fe含量不断下降;铝箔上的Ni-P合金镀层具有纳米晶体结构.     

非晶态Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的结构及性能研究

研究了化学镀Ni-Cu-P非晶态合金镀层的成分，结构、硬度及形貌等性能．研究结果表明：镀层中铜含量随着镀液中硫酸铜浓度的增加而提高，镍、磷含量随着镀液中硫酸铜浓度的增加而降低。由于铜具有优先析出的特征，导致合金镀层中Cu／Ni质量比远高于镀液中Cu^2＋／Ni^2＋质量比．在镀态下，Ni-Cu-P合金镀层为含铜、磷原子的镍基饱合固溶体．X-ray衍射表明：在镀态下及300℃以下热处理时，Ni-7．929％Cu-8．227％P（质量分数）合金镀层为非晶态结构，经400℃热处理后，开始有热力学平衡相Ni3P和Cu3P析出，合金镀层已转为晶态结构．Ni-7．929％Cu-8．227％P合金镀层的硬度随热处理温度的升高而增加，在400℃时，硬度达到最大值（845HV），热处理温度继续升高，合金镀层的硬度反而下降．     

铝材化学镀Ni-W-P溶液中硝酸镧含量对镀层性能的影响

为了提高铝材Ni-W-P镀层的耐腐蚀性,在镀液中加入La(NO3)3,在1060铝表面化学镀Ni-W-P合金层.采用电化学法和失重法分析了合金镀层的耐蚀性,采用扫描电镜观察合金镀层的形貌,采用X射线衍射仪分析了镀层的结构;研究了La(NO3)3含量对Ni-W-P镀层沉积速率、孔隙率、腐蚀速率、腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流、交流阻抗、维氏硬度等性能的影响;对镀层进行热处理,研究了热处理对合金镀层性能的影响.结果表明:当镀液中La(NO3)3质量分数为1.0％时,所得镀层的沉积速率最大,为65.7 g/(m2·h),维氏硬度最高,为80.3 HV,孔隙率最低,镀层的耐蚀性能最好,镀层包状物颗粒大小均匀、紧密、无缺陷;经100～500℃热处理后,镀层硬度有所提高,但耐蚀性有不同程度下降,经300℃热处理后,合金维氏硬度高达136 HV,是未热处理的1.7倍.     

复合电沉积法制备Ni-P-W-WC镀层及性能研究

运用电沉积法制备Ni-P-W-WC复合镀层,着重研究了制备工艺和镀层性能.以镀层中碳化钨含量、镀速和镀层外观为指标,探讨了电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液中WC含量、镀液中钨酸钠含量、镀液pH等因素影响规律,确定了复合镀层的最佳工艺条件为:以Ni为阳极、电沉积时间为40 min、镀液中WC含量为14 g/L、镀液中钨酸钠含量为120 g/L、镀液pH为4.0、电流密度是4A/dm2.并用扫描电镜、X-衍射分析仪、阳极极化曲线等手段表征了复合镀层的形貌、结构、耐蚀性、抗氧化性等性能,结果表明,与Ni-P-W复合镀层相比,Ni-P-W-WC复合镀层有良好的综合性能.     

双稀土处理液对H62黄铜成膜耐蚀性能的影响

为了提高H62黄铜合金的表面性能,通过正交试验获得了最佳锅、钵双稀土处理液配方。利用硝酸点滴、中性盐雾试验评价了H62黄铜合金钝化膜的耐蚀性能,通过电子探针(EPMA)观测了其表面形态结构及元素分布,利用电化学方法表征了 H62黄铜表面钝化膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的缓蚀行为,采用XRD对H62黄铜表面钝化膜的成分进行了检测。结果表明:H62黄铜合金由镉、钵双稀土处理液钝化成膜的主要成分为Cu2O,CeO2,La(OH)3,Ce(OH)4;致密的钝化膜耐硝酸点滴时间达到21.98s,在3.5%NaCl溶液自腐蚀电位增加,腐蚀电流降低,腐蚀速度明显降低,耐蚀性能增加,耐中性盐雾性能明显优于鋪单一稀土处理液。     

碱性镀液中电镀光亮Zn-Ni合金

为使Zn-Ni合金镀层中Ni含量更稳定,镀层耐蚀性更好,以碱性锌酸盐为基础镀液,加入多胺聚合物（ETA）和酒石酸（C4H606）配位剂、苄基嗡盐辅助剂和多胺合成缩聚物光亮剂进行光亮Zn-Ni合金电镀。研究了2种配位剂对Zn-Ni合金共沉积、Zn-Ni合金镀层电化学行为的影响;运用小槽（1000,2000,5000mL）...     

电镀宽范围Re含量Ni-Re合金工艺研究

控制镀层中Re含量,获得较宽Re含量范围的Ni-Re合金镀层,可为单晶合金的高温防护提供技术支持。研究了Ni-Re合金电镀体系中镀液组分及电镀工艺条件对镀层外观、Re含量及电流效率的影响,得到最佳电镀工艺条件为电流密度Jc4~5 A/dm^2,温度60~70℃,pH=5;在该工艺条件下,保持镀液中柠檬酸与镍离子摩尔比为1.0,调整镀液中镍离子浓度(30~450 mmol/L),得到Re含量在16%~98%(质量分数)的Ni-Re合金镀层,并研究了镍离子对Re沉积的催化作用及Re含量对合金镀层微观结构的影响。结果表明:镍离子浓度为240mmol/L时对Re沉积催化效果最好,此时Re的析出电位正移40 m V,Re沉积电流效率达到66. 9%,JRe=30. 06m A/cm^2,Ni-Re合金镀层中Re含量≤43%时,镀层微观表面平整细致,其XRD谱衍射峰角度与纯镍相近,形成了以Re为溶质、Ni为溶剂的置换固溶体的晶体结构,随着合金镀层中Re含量的进一步增加,合金镀层向非晶态转变,在Re含量≥52%时,Ni-Re合金转化为非晶态镀层。     

Silica doped with lanthanum sol-gel thin films for corrosion protection

We present here anticorrosive silica coatings doped with lanthanum ions for the protection of metallic surfaces as an alternative to chromate (VI)-based conversion coatings. The coatings were synthesized by the sol-gel method starting from silicon alkoxides and two different lanthanum precursors: La (III) acetate hydrate and La (III) isopropoxide. Artificial corrosion tests in acid and alkaline media showed their effectiveness for the corrosion protection of AA2024 aluminum alloy sheets for coating prepared with both precursors. The X-ray absorption Near Edge Structure and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis of the coatings confirmed the key role of lanthanum in the structural properties of the coating determining its anticorrosive properties.     

锌基合金异常共沉积机理的研究进展

总结了锌基合金异常共沉积的规律,概述了锌基合金异常共沉积机理研究的发展现状,对几种较新的机理进行了综合评述.重点对量子化学机理、配体场理论机理和界面作用模型机理等在锌基合金异常共沉积中的应用及研究成果进行了阐述,最后指出:合金异常共沉积是各种因素综合影响的结果,如金属离子交换电流密度的巨大差异,不同金属离子配合物结构及其稳定性的不同,电极电势较负金属的欠电势沉积,电极/溶液界面层性质的变化,电极表面状态的变化等,应根据具体情况进行分析.     

Pulse Electrocodeposited Ni–WC Composite Coating

In the present work, tungsten carbide (WC) particulate of average size 10 µm were electrocodeposited in the nickel metal matrix, to form metal matrix composite (MMC) coating over the EN8 steel substrate. The electrodeposition of Ni–WC particulate composite coating was carried out using the Watt's bath under the influence of varying current density and duty cycle. It was found that current density of 0.02 A/cm² was sufficient to start the codeposition kinetics. But, good quality of electrodeposition was obtained at a current density of 0.04 A/cm². The WC particulate entrapment and distribution of WC particles in Ni matrix according the variation in experimental parameters has been reported. The dense and compact microstructure was obtained at a current density of 0.04 A/cm² and duty cycle of 30%. Microhardness and corrosion resistance properties of composite coating were also evaluated and reported.     

Characteristics of electrocodeposited Ni-Co-SiC composite coating

Electrodeposited composites are gaining importance for their advantages including low cost, ease and simplicity of operation to tailor made coatings for tribological applications. Generally, composites containing carbides (like SiC) are preferred for high wear resistance along with increased hardness, improved corrosion resistance, and high temperature oxidation resistance as compared to alloy and pure metal electroplating. In the present work, electrolytic codeposition technique was adopted in the deposition of Ni-Co-SiC composite coating on mild steel substrate, using nickel alloyed with cobalt as the binder phase with SiC as dispersed particles. To improve the properties of coating further, Cr plating was also performed. Since the particle size and volume percent variation of dispersoid have great importance in codeposition, so the effect of these two variables on the process of codeposition and properties was observed. Morphological studies of Ni-Co-SiC coating were carried out with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis to correlate the mechanical and corrosion behaviour of the coating.     

低温熔盐电沉积羟基磷灰石复合涂层的研究

为了提高羟基磷灰石涂层的结合强度,在AlCl3-NaCl-TiCl3低温熔盐体系中加入HA微粒,复合电沉积制备Al-Ti/HA复合涂层,并对涂层的表面形貌、结构和结合强度进行了研究.结果表明: HA微粒均匀分散在Al-Ti合金镀层中,其共沉积量随电流密度的减小和熔盐中HA浓度的增大而增强;涂层的结合强度随HA共沉积量的增大而增强,当HA的共沉积量为40.1%(质量分数)时,Al-Ti/HA复合涂层的结合强度达到28.1 MPa.     

Application of lanthanum to pseudo-boehmite and γ-Al2O3

Elements such as lanthanum, zirconium, thorium and cerium are known to raise the thermostability of -Al₂O₃. Among these elements lanthanum is the most effective. Three procedures have been used to apply lanthanum homogeneously to the surface of pseudo-boehmite and -Al₂O₃, namely, incipient wetness impregnation, deposition-precipitation from a homogeneous solution, and specific adsorption of a La(EDTA)-complex. The latter procedure results in supports covered homogeneously with lanthanum. The minimum amount of lanthanum required to render the catalyst supports thermostable, depends on the procedure to apply the lanthanum. The specific adsorption procedure offers the possibility to obtain thermostable supports with loadings as low as 0.5 wt % La.High-resolution electron microscopy was used to assess the mechanism of the stabilization by application of foreign metal ions in amounts less than a monolayer. It appeared that addition of foreign metal ions brings about crystallization of the amorphous surface layer of -Al₂O₃.     

Electrochemical synthesis and physicochemical study of lanthanum(III) acetylacetonate complexes

Anodic dissolution of lanthanum metal in the presence of acetylacetone in ethanol, acetonitrile, and water was studied. Adducts of lanthanum tris--diketonates [La(EtOH)_0.5(AA)₃], [La(HAA)(AA)₃], and La(AA)₃(H₂O)₄, respectively, were isolated from these solutions. Electrochemical oxidation of lanthanum in the course of electrolysis is accompanied by its chemical dissolution. The compositions of the compounds obtained were confirmed by IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis, isothermal heating, and elemental analysis for metal.Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2004, pp. 510–512.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Kostyuk, Dik, Tereshko, Trebnikov.