共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 281 毫秒
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《中国材料进展》2016,(9)
在材料微观组织与性能的研究中,对等轴晶形核及生长过程的研究具有重要的科研价值和实用意义。除了通过数学模型进行理论研究,直接的观察极有必要。长期以来,由于高温熔体对可见光不透明,金属的凝固过程一直是一个"黑箱"。X射线同步辐射成像技术的发展使金属凝固过程的动态、连续观察成为可能。作为一种高亮度、高能量的X射线源,同步辐射X光可以穿透数毫米厚的铝熔体并形成清晰影像。近年来,本课题组针对合金凝固过程中的形态演化问题,在上海同步辐射光源开展了持续研究,本文介绍了其中部分研究结果,内容涉及凝固过程中等轴枝晶的形成和长大的动态观察,特别关注形核剂的添加对等轴枝晶生长形态和元素微观偏析的影响。 相似文献
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高能超声在颗粒/金属熔体体系中的声学效应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
讨论并分析了600℃的SiCp/ZA27熔体中超声的作用机理和有效作用范围.研究结果表明:在实验所用超声处理条件下(20kHz,1kW),ZA27合金熔体中声空化效应引发的熔体局部高压最大可达105MPa,局部高温可达1.77×104K;声流在熔体体系各个部位的作用强度不同,要获得优质的复合材料就必须在工艺上保证熔体的各个部位均能受到超声的有效作用.高能超声之所以能够制备出颗粒均匀分布、界面结合良好的SiCp/ZA27复合材料是高能超声在金属熔体中产生的声空化与声流共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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同步辐射原位X射线散射技术可以实现对材料结构进行多尺度的、无损的、高时间空间分辨率的表征,动态地揭示材料微观结构在不同外界环境下的演变过程。X射线散射基础理论已经相对成熟。第三代同步辐射光源大幅提高了X射线散射技术的时空分辨率,进一步拓宽X射线散射技术的应用场景。当前同步辐射原位X射线散射技术的难点主要集中于实验装置设计和大数据处理。概述了X射线散射技术的主要分类和基本的实验方法,主要介绍了不同分类的同步辐射原位X射线散射技术在纳米材料(纳米颗粒生长和纳米颗粒自组装)与能源材料(以钙钛矿薄膜材料为代表)研究中的应用。最后结合当前国内外先进同步辐射光源的发展现状,展望了同步辐射原位X射线散射技术未来发展的方向和应用前景。 相似文献
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目的 在传感器与熔体不接触的条件下获取注射成形过程中熔体流动固化收缩等准确信息。方法 基于超声传感技术,建立适用于塑料注塑成形过程的超声监测系统,通过超声探头采集型腔中某点的超声反射信号强度,结合压力传感器数据与有限元仿真结果对超声信号特征峰值进行分析,并在不同注塑压力、速度、冷却时间等工艺条件下进行多组实验。结果 超声信号特征峰值能够精确感知注射成形过程中熔体流动前沿到达、型腔充填完成、V/P转换、冷却收缩等型腔内实时信息。结论 与压力传感器等技术手段相比,通过超声技术可在与熔体不接触的条件下获取型腔内熔体演变的更多信息。 相似文献
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先进同步辐射光源具有高通量、高相干性、高脉冲重复率等优点,将基于其的X射线衍射、小角散射、成像、谱学等表征方法与原位环境(如温度场、应力场、气氛、溶液介质等)实验装置配合,可为系统表征与评价核能系统用材料与部件的服役行为和损伤机制提供重要技术手段。核材料在高温/应力/介质/中子辐照等复杂多场环境下的服役损伤行为长期以来一直是学术界和工业界关注的焦点,其中多场耦合作用下材料微观结构演化、微观力学行为及微观损伤机制是亟需解决的关键科学问题。分别从同步辐射高能X射线衍射、微束衍射技术、小角散射技术、成像技术、谱学技术等几个方面,介绍了同步辐射表征技术在典型核材料研究中的应用。最后基于国内外在核材料领域的研究进展,展望了同步辐射技术在核材料研究中的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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3 同步辐射中的掠入射X射线衍射和表面结构
3.1 同步辐射中的掠入射X射线衍射术
掠入射散射(GIS)和掠入射衍射(GID)已在表面科学和表面工程中广泛应用,近年来在试验技术、衍射理论和在多层膜分析中的应用都有很大发展。 相似文献
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阐述了X射线镂空硅掩模的研制及其在同步辐射深层光刻中的应用。在北京同步辐射国家实验室X射线光刻装置上,采用本文研制的X射线镂空硅掩模获得胶厚为30~40μm、侧壁很陡、边缘很直的X射线深层光刻胶图形。 相似文献
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Ono Y Moisan JF Jen CK 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2003,50(12):1711-1721
In order to achieve net shape forming, processing of aluminum (Al) in the molten state is often necessary. However, few sensors and techniques have been reported in the literature due to difficulties associated with molten Al, such as high temperature, corrosiveness, and opaqueness. In this paper, development of ultrasonic techniques for imaging and measurements in molten Al using buffer rods operated at 10 MHz is presented. The probing end of the buffer rod, having a flat surface or an ultrasonic lens, was immersed into molten Al while the other end with an ultrasonic transducer was air-cooled to room temperature. An ultrasonic image of a character "N", engraved on a stainless steel plate immersed in molten Al, and its corrosion have been observed at 780 degrees C using the focused probe in ultrasonic pulse-echo mode. Because cleanliness of molten Al is crucial for part manufacturing and recycling in Al processing, inclusion detection experiments also were carried out using the nonfocused probe in pitch-catch and pulse-echo modes. Backscattered ultrasonic signals from manually added silicon carbide particles, with an average diameter of 50 microm, in molten Al have been successfully observed at 780 degrees C. For optimal image quality, the spatial resolution of the focused probe was crucial, and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the nonfocused probe was the prime factor responsible for the inclusion detection sensitivity using backscattered ultrasonic signals. In addition, it was found that ultrasound could provide an alternative method for evaluating the degree of wetting between a solid material and a molten metal. Our experimental results showed that there was no ultrasonic coupling at the interface between an alumina rod and molten Al up to 1000 degrees C; therefore, no wetting existed at this interface. Also because ultrasonic velocity in alumina is temperature dependent, this rod proved to be able to be used as an in-line temperature monitoring sensor under 1000 degrees C in molten Al. 相似文献
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目前能够准确、无损地测试材料内部残余应力的手段主要是中子衍射和同步辐射,但这两种测试手段需要核反应堆或高能同步辐射源,投资巨大,只为少数发达国家的少数实验室所拥有,难以应用到实际生产中。短波长X射线衍射仪通过钨靶-K_α特征射线(波长约0.02 nm)以及独特的谱接收方式,达到或接近同步辐射及中子衍射对晶体材料内部晶格应变的无损定点测试,为内部残余应力无损检测的广泛应用开辟了一条新的渠道。介绍了中子衍射和同步辐射对残余应力测试的国内外研究现状,重点展示了短波长X射线衍射仪用于内部应力测试的结果,并就三种测试方法特点进行了对比分析。 相似文献
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台阶模糊边的X射线同轴相衬成像参数优化 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用图像衬度,信噪比,分辨率和探测器抽样数作为X射线同轴相衬成像质量的综合评价标准,针对具有广泛应用意义的台阶模糊边分布特征的物体,提出了参数优化方法并建立了优化流程.通过数值模拟的方式分别对具有广泛代表性的亚微米焦点源、激光驱动微米焦点源及同步辐射源3种X射线源下成像系统的相关参数进行了优化.结果表明,基于优化方法的优化流程很好地完成了3种X射线源的同轴相衬成像参数优化.可见,这种优化方法具有广泛的应用意义,在根据具体情况对方法进行简单修正的基础上,可以完成任意X射线源下对具有台阶模糊边分布特征物体的同轴相衬成像优化工作. 相似文献
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Yang J Regier T Dynes JJ Wang J Shi J Peak D Zhao Y Hu T Chen Y Tse JS 《Analytical chemistry》2011,83(20):7856-7862
Photoreduction is a major obstacle for using the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) fingerprint to perform metal speciation at the molecular level in biological and environmental samples, especially for metalloproteins. In this study, soft X-ray induced photoreduction was observed in organic Cu(II) compounds during XANES measurements in a third-generation synchrotron source. Next Cu L(3)-edge, O K-edge, and C K-edge XANES spectroscopy, together with the scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), were used to probe the specific radiation damage processes of Cu acetate with similar local structures to Cu metalloproteins. Breakup of the Cu-Cu bond was hypothesized for the initial photoreduction of Cu acetate. The following radiation damage of Cu acetate produced CuO and an organic Cu(I) compound with a C═C bond, and the further photoreduction of the resulting CuO to Cu metal was also demonstrated. Our results indicated the importance of consideration of photoreduction during soft XANES measurements for the solid state compounds with high valence metals. Reducing the radiation dose to ~0.1 MGy effectively prevented the photoreduction of organic Cu(II) compounds during these measurements. This proposed radiation damage mechanism in Cu acetate may be generally useful in explaining the photoreduction process in Cu metalloproteins. 相似文献
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Immersion ultrasonic probes for measurements and imaging at high temperature are presented. The probes consist of sol-gel-sprayed thick films as piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (UTs) directly deposited onto steel buffer rods. They operate in pulse-echo mode at temperatures up to 500/spl deg/C. The operating ultrasonic frequency is between 5 MHz and 20 MHz, controlled by the film thickness. The ultrasonic thickness measurement of a steel plate with the probe fully immersed in molten zinc at 450/spl deg/C was demonstrated using ultrasonic plane waves. For imaging purposes, the probing end of the steel buffer rod was machined into a semispherical concave shape to form an ultrasonic lens and achieve high spatial resolution with focused ultrasound in liquids. Ultrasonic surface and subsurface imaging using a mechanical raster scan of the focused probe in silicone oil at 200/spl deg/C was also carried out. The importance of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the pulse-echo measurement is discussed. 相似文献