Al2O3/Mo复合材料的磨料磨损性能

对Al2O3/Mo复合材料的微观形貌进行了分析,同时测试了Al2O3/Mo复合材料的磨损行为。结果表明,随Al2O3体积分数的增加,基体的密度先增大后减小,显微硬度逐渐增加,磨损过程中产生的切削、犁沟在数量、深度上都有一定程度的减少。当Al2O3的体积分数为3%时,随着磨粒粒度的减小,复合材料的比磨损率逐渐增加,Al2...     

石墨/CNTs增强铝基混杂复合材料的微观组织与摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了石墨/碳纳米管(CNTs)增强铝基复合材料,研究了石墨和碳纳米管对复合材料摩擦磨损性能及硬度的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的显微组织、磨损表面形貌。结果表明:仅添加石墨的复合材料摩擦系数明显降低,而磨损率、硬度有少量降低;但是将石墨和碳纳米管混杂加入到复合材料中后,材料的摩擦系数明显降低,磨损率急剧升高,且材料的硬度随碳纳米管含量增加而逐渐下降。仅添加石墨的复合材料磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损和犁沟磨损,而添加石墨和碳纳米管的复合材料主要是剥层磨损。     

基于高压扭转法制备SiCp/Al基复合材料

基于高压扭转法制备SiCp/Al基复合材料(SiC体积分数为8.75%),采用排水法、金相显微镜、数字式显微硬度计,研究SiCp/Al基复合材料致密度、显微组织分布和硬度等性能。结果表明,基于高压扭转法可制备致密度高的SiCp/Al基复合材料,随着扭转半径的增加,SiC颗粒团聚现象减小,颗粒分布越均匀。材料的显微硬度呈先增加后减小的趋势。     

原位Al_3Ni颗粒增强A356基复合材料的显微组织与耐磨性能研究

通过Al-Ni_2O_3体系熔体反应法制备Al3Ni颗粒增强A356基复合材料,并研究了材料显微组织和耐磨性能。结果表明,Al_3Ni颗粒在5%(质量分数)Al_3Ni/A356复合材料中的形貌为细小的点状,在10%(质量分数)Al_3Ni/A356复合材料中呈不规则的块状和弯曲的条状,在20%(质量分数)Al_3Ni/A356复合材料中的形貌为圆球形,其中,5%(质量分数)Al_3Ni/A356复合材料中,Al_3Ni颗粒的尺寸最小。Al_3Ni/A356复合材料的磨损率随着增强体质量分数的减少而降低,且所有复合材料的磨损率均低于A356合金。复合材料的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。     

碳纳米管含量对铝基复合材料力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了多壁碳纳米管增强铝基(MWCNTs/Al)复合材料,研究了碳纳米管含量对复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,MWCNTs的添加对铝基复合材料的力学性能影响显著,随着MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/Al复合材料的硬度、弹性模量、强度都逐渐提高;当碳纳米管含量为6.6%(体积分数)时,复合材料强度达218 MPa,为基体材料的2.24倍;随MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/Al复合材料的塑性逐渐变差,拉伸延伸率逐渐降低,断口韧窝逐渐变小、变浅。     

超声外场对原位TiB2/2A14铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用超声外场-原位混合盐反应法制备3%TiB_2/2A14(体积分数)铝基复合材料,在往复式摩擦磨损试验机上进行4种不同载荷(20,30,40,50N)的磨损实验,研究不同超声处理工艺制备的复合材料的耐磨性和摩擦行为。使用显微硬度计测量基体和复合材料的显微硬度。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对测试样品进行物相成分鉴定、显微组织和表面磨损形貌观察,并研究其磨损机理。结果表明:超声能够有效打散颗粒团聚,改善颗粒分布状态,强化颗粒与基体的界面结合强度,因此经过超声处理的复合材料的耐磨性和显微硬度明显优于合金基体。经120s超声处理获得的复合材料,其硬度约为基体合金的2倍。在50N载荷的作用下,其磨损率约为基体合金的57.43%。在干摩擦条件下,基体主要表现为黏着磨损,复合材料表现为黏着磨损+磨粒磨损的混合型磨损,耐磨性能更佳。     

石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能

采用氧化石墨烯还原法制备了石墨烯,通过溶液共混法制备了石墨烯增强聚酰亚胺复合材料;研究了石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能及摩擦学作用机制。结果表明,随着石墨烯含量增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而冲击强度呈先升高而后降低,再升高的趋势。当添加1.0%(质量分数)的石墨烯时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值,分别比纯聚酰亚胺提高了149%和652%。石墨烯的加入显著降低了聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率;随石墨烯含量增加,复合材料的磨损率先下降后上升,而摩擦系数先显著降低,尔后平缓减小。随载荷增加,复合材料的磨损率呈平缓下降的趋势;而随滑动速率增加,磨损率呈上升趋势。石墨烯增强的聚酰亚胺复合材料的磨损机理为粘着磨损。     

微波烧结原位合成TiC增强钛复合材料的性能

以纳米管(MWCNTs)和纯钛为原料,用微波烧结法原位合成TiC增强钛基复合材料,研究了这种材料的组织和性能并探讨了TiC增强相的生成机理。结果表明,微波烧结时MWCNTs与Ti原位生成TiC增强相。MWCNTs的添加量(质量分数,下同)低于1%时TiC呈现颗粒状且分布均匀,Ti基体致密;MWCNTs的添加量高于1.5%时TiC呈树枝晶形貌,Ti基体的组织粗化使复合材料出现较多的孔洞。MWCNTs的添加使材料由粘着磨损为主转变为磨粒磨损为主。随着MWCNTs添加量的提高,复合材料的显微硬度先提高后降低。MWCNTs添加量为1%的复合材料显微硬度最高(约为527HV)、耐磨性能最好(摩擦系数约为0.35)。与纯钛相比,TiC增强钛基复合材料的显微硬度提高了1.2倍,摩擦系数降低了0.4。     

新型纳米Al2O3强化铜基复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能

纳米复合材料是目前的研究热点,采用热压烧结法制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒强化铜基复合材料。采用阿基米德排水法测试了复合材料的致密度,采用硬度计测试其硬度,采用表面三维形貌仪测量其磨损体积并观察磨痕的三维形貌;采用摩擦磨损试验机研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能并分析其磨损机制;采用扫描电镜及能谱仪观察复合材料磨损前后的表面形貌、分析磨痕的化学成分;研究了工艺参数及Al2O3含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的最佳热压制备工艺为热压温度900℃,热压压力27.5 MPa,保温时间2 h,所得铜基复合材料的相对致密度达99.03%;随Al2O3含量增加,复合材料的硬度增加,耐磨性先升高后降低;Al2O3含量为2%时,复合材料磨损量最少,相对耐磨性为3.13,硬度较纯铜提高了35.5%;随Al2O3含量的增加,铜基复合材料的磨损机制从以黏着磨损为主转变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

Al含量对Al-Fe-Si/Al原位复合材料的影响

采用粉末冶金瞬时液相烧结法制备Al-Fe-Si/Al原位复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及M-2000型磨损试验机研究Al含量对原位复合材料的微观结构、硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:随着Al含量的增加,粗大FeAl相消失,针状的金属间化合物增强体Al0.5FeSi0.5长大成短棒状。当Al质量分数为77%时,细小的短棒状Al0.5FeSi0.5增强相弥散分布在基体中,复合材料硬度HV具有最高值283.7,其硬度约是纯铝的8倍,铝硅合金的2.5倍;复合材料的耐磨性约为纯铝的6.6倍,铝硅合金的4.5倍;耐磨性能最佳,磨损率为0.3781%,磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

颗粒体积分数对Al2O3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

在前期研究工作的基础上,着重讨论了不同颗粒体积分数对Al₂O₃/钢基复合材料900 ℃下高温磨料磨损抗力的影响。结果表明:适当的颗粒体积分数(39 %左右)的复合材料因颗粒对基体保护好,起主要抗磨作用,因而高温抗磨性较好;较高或较低颗粒体积分数的复合材料因颗粒脱落或基体磨损严重使得其高温抗磨性较低。      

界面改性对SiC_p/Cu复合材料热物理性能的影响

采用热压烧结法成功制备SiC_p/Cu复合材料。采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在SiC颗粒表面制备Mo涂层,研究Mo界面阻挡层对复合材料热物理性能的影响。结果表明:过氧钼酸溶胶-凝胶体系能够在SiC颗粒表面包覆连续性、均匀性较好的MoO_3涂层,最佳工艺配比为SiC∶MoO_3=5∶1(质量比)、过氧化氢∶乙醇=1∶1(体积比),SiC表面丙酮和氢氟酸预清洗处理有利于MoO_3涂层的沉积生长。MoO_3在540℃第一步氢气还原后转变为MoO_2,MoO_2在940℃第二步氢气还原后完全转变为Mo,Mo涂层包覆致密完整。热压烧结SiC_p/Cu复合材料微观组织致密均匀,且相比原始SiC颗粒增强的SiC_p/Cu,经溶胶-凝胶法界面改性处理的SiC_p/Cu复合材料热导率明显提高,SiC体积分数约为50%时,SiC_p/Cu复合材料热导率达到214.16W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)。     

Fabrication of TiB2 particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composites by powder metallurgy

Magnesium metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with 10, 20 and 30 vol.% TiB₂ particulates, respectively, were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The microstructure, porosity, hardness and abrasive wear behavior of the composites were evaluated. Microstructural characterization of Mg MMCs showed generally uniform reinforcement distribution. As compared with pure Mg, the hardness (HB) values of Mg MMCs reinforced with 10, 20 and 30 vol.% TiB₂ particulates were increased by 41%, 106% and 181%, respectively. The abrasive wear tests showed that the wear resistance of Mg MMCs is increased with the increasing of the reinforcement volume fraction. This was due to the strong particulate-matrix bonding and high hardness of the TiB₂ particulate.     

Abrasive wear of FeCr (M7C3–M23C6) reinforced iron based metal matrix composites

Abstract

The effects of volume fraction, particle size, and sintered porosity of FeCr (M₇C₃–M₂₃C₆) particulates on the abrasive wear resistance of powder metallurgy (PM) Fe alloy metal matrix composites have been studied under different abrasive conditions. It was seen that the abrasive wear rate of the composites increased with an increase in the FeCr volume fraction in tests performed with 80 grade SiC abrasive paper, but it decreased for tests conducted with 220 grade SiC abrasive paper. Furthermore, the wear rates decreased with an increase in FeCr size for composites containing the same amount of FeCr. Hence it is deduced that Fe alloy composites reinforced with larger size FeCr particles are more effective against abrasive wear than those reinforced with smaller ones. At the same time the results show that the beneficial effects of hard FeCr particulates on wear resistance far outweighed the detrimental effects of sintered porosity in the PM metal matrix composites. In addition, the fabrication of composites containing soft particles such as graphite or copper favours a reduction in the coefficient of friction, and increases the matrix hardness of the composite. For this reason graphite and copper were used in the matrix in different amounts to test their effect on the wear resistance. Increase in graphite and copper volume fraction allowed the formation of additional phases, which had high hardness and wear resistance. It was also found that the wear rate of the composites decreased considerably with graphite and copper addition.     

Microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of B<Subscript>4</Subscript>C particle reinforced 2014 Al matrix composites

In this study, the microstructure and abrasive wear properties of varying volume fraction of particles up to 12% B₄C particle reinforced 2014 aluminium alloy metal matrix composites produced by stircasting method was investigated. The density, porosity and hardness of composites were also examined. Wear behaviour of B₄C particle reinforced aluminium alloy composites was investigated by a block-on-disc abrasion test apparatus where the samples slid against the abrasive suspension mixture (contained 10 vol.% SiC particles and 90 vol.% oil) at room conditions. Wear tests performed under 92 N against the abrasive suspension mixture with a novel three body abrasive. For wear behaviour, the volume loss and specific rate of the samples have been measured and the effects of sliding time and the content of B₄C particles on the abrasive wear properties of the composites have been evaluated. The dominant wear mechanisms were identified using SEM. Microscopic observation of the microstructures revealed that dispersion of B₄C particles was generally uniform while increasing volume fraction led to agglomeration of the particles and porosity. The density of the composite decreased with increasing reinforcement volume fraction but the porosity and hardness increased with increasing particle content. Moreover, the specific wear rate of composite decreased with increasing particle volume fraction. The wear resistance of the composite was found to be considerably higher than that of the matrix alloy and increased with increasing particle content.     

40Cr钢表面改性覆层的磨料磨损研究

采用新工艺在４０Ｃｒ钢表面制备了含ＴｉＢ２陶瓷相的覆层材料，覆层平均厚度为１００－１５０μｍ，表层硬度在１８００－２５００ＨＶ之间。研究成果可用于模具及耐磨蚀材料领域。     

TiCp/Ti6Al4V复合材料的耐磨性及磨损机制

为表征颗粒增强钛基复合材料在恶劣的磨粒磨损条件下的磨损行为,对熔铸法制备的TiCP/Ti6Al4V进行了磨粒磨损条件下的耐磨性试验,并利用SEM、EDX等技术分析了复合材料的磨损过程及磨损机制.研究表明:TiCP/Ti6Al4V复合材料的抗磨粒磨损性能,总体上随TiC颗粒体积分数的增加而提高,载荷越大、磨损时间越长,复合材料越容易表现出优异的耐磨性能;TiC的形态影响着耐磨性的提高,细小颗粒状或羽毛状TiC单位体积增加对耐磨性的贡献,比枝晶状TiC单位体积增加对耐磨性的贡献大约3.5倍;复合材料在磨损初始阶段,其磨损机制以形成犁削和磨沟为主,形成一次磨屑,随着增强相含量的提高,一次磨屑逐步减少,磨损以犁沟和剥层磨损为主,需要磨粒的反复作用才能形成磨屑,因此,耐磨性得到提高.     

新型自润滑YBa_2Cu_3O_7/Cu复合材料的制备及性能

采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备了YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO)粉体,利用真空热压烧结法制备了不同质量分数的YBCO/Cu复合材料,测定了YBCO/Cu复合材料的密度、硬度和电导率,利用MMU-5GA磨损试验机对YBCO/Cu复合材料进行了摩擦磨损试验。采用XRD、SEM和TEM对YBCO粉体及YBCO/Cu复合材料的微观结构、磨损表面形貌及物相组成进行了表征。研究了YBCO质量分数对YBCO/Cu复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的YBCO粉体物相为Y123相,其层状结构明显,粉体纯度高、杂质少,粒度达到纳米级;纳米YBCO可显著细化YBCO/Cu复合材料的基体组织,提高复合材料的摩擦学性能。随着YBCO质量分数增加,基体组织中纳米YBCO颗粒分布均匀度降低,逐渐出现团聚;YBCO/Cu复合材料的电导率和密度降低,硬度先升高后降低,摩擦系数逐渐减小。3%YBCO/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最好。YBCO/Cu复合材料强化机制为Orowan强化、热错配强化和细晶强化;其磨损机制主要为塑变磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳剥落。     

Mikrostruktur‐Untersuchungen zum Schwingungsverschleißverhalten von Nickelkomposit‐ und Ni‐P‐Schichten

Microstructural and oscillating sliding wear studies of nickel composites and electroless Ni‐P layers In many industrial applications, oscillating sliding wear leads to serious damage of construction components. To avoid this, different layers of electroplated nickel and nickel composites as well as chemically deposited nickel phosphorus layers are used and/or tested. The performance of these layers under oscillating sliding wear was characterized. Additionally microstructure characterisations took place regarding grain size, particle content and distribution as well as concerning crystallization and development of tetragonal phase nickel phosphide. These results correlate well with the Martens hardness of the layers and contribute to understand the oscillating sliding wear characteristics of the examined layers. Heat treated Ni‐P layers achieve twice the hardness of nickel dispersion layers; however, fail under oscillating sliding stress by embrittlement, cracking and debonding. On the other hand dispersion‐hardening nano composites with TiO₂ clearly exhibit a more favourable tribological behaviour. A solid content of approx. 3 vol‐% leads to dispersion and fine grain hardening effects, which cause good protection against oscillating sliding wear; thereby the Ni‐matrix remains ductile. The incorporation of very hard particles (SiC) intensifies the oscillating sliding wear process due to the abrasive effect of the particles.