手持表的又一选择——M170显示表＋新温湿度探头

与M170显示表相配的露点和二氧化碳探头于2001年诞生，现在新的成员又加入到了这个家庭：那就是三个温湿度探头结合HM70手持表，它们具有更多的参数，适合更多的用途。     

示波器探头

本文主要论述了如何解决示波器探头对被测电路产生负效应的问题，并对三种典型示波器探头的性能及特点进行了阐述。     

一种新颖的石英晶体微量天平探头

本文研制了一种用于高精度膜厚监测的真空微量天平探头：半导体致冷器件恒温探头。它具有测量精度高、对真空系统无污染及结构简单等优点，有实用价值。     

声波测井磁致伸缩相控发射系统

本文介绍声波测井的一种高温大功率磁致伸缩换能器，倍压式充放电和自耦变压器式充放电两种脉冲激励电路及由它们组成的声波测井相控发射系统，该系统属国内首次研制。经油田实际使用效果良好。     

影响便携式超声波流量计信号接收的不利因素分析

本文介绍了使用便携式超声波流量计在检测水流量过程中遇到的一些问题,以及解决这些问题的方法。     

在示波器校准中是否使用有源探头

通过一系列的实验，对传统的、比较复杂的使用脉冲和平坦探头的方法以及更加简单和实用的同轴电缆方法在示波器校准中的应用情况做了比较。     

在示波器校准中是否使用有源探头

测试工作的目标是把校准波形忠实地传送到被测示波器的输入端。多年来,人们已经开发了各种传送的方法来克服ＶＳＷＲ和其它的误差来源,其中一些方法较之其它方法更加实用,经济。概括介绍了一系列的实验并通过这些实验,我们对传统的的、比较复杂的使用脉部有源探头的方法和更加实用的同轴电缆的方法用示波器进行校准的情况做了比较。     

一种带有光纤的新型电场探头

本文介绍了一种我们新近开发的新型全向宽带（１ＭＨｚ～２ＧＨｚ）电场探头．它用光纤作信号传输线，故具有很强的抗电磁干扰的能力．本文将详细介绍其工作原理和主要技术性能，并给出相应的测试结果．另外，本文还将对它的抗电磁干扰能力进行研究．     

一种高稳定度的石英晶体微量天平

介绍一种频率稳定度优于０．３ＨＺ的石英晶微量天平，在微量天平的电路中采用了高稳定度的时期振荡器，探头采用丝或半导体致冷器件恒温结构，频率稳定度优于０．３ＨＺ。     

一种新型超声液位测量方法的研究

介绍了一种新型超声波液位测量方法，利用固定挡板反射回波获得超声波参考声速，并用C51单片机双计数器对挡板反射回波和液面反射回波进行精确计时，从而实现液位的精确测量。对超声波液位计的系统结构进行了整体设计及软件设计。与温度补偿型声速校正方法进行了比较，此方法可简化系统结构，提高精度，性能更加稳定，是超声波液位计发展的新方向。     

医用超声诊断源检定过程中探头的识别

在检定医用超声诊断源的过程中,正确地识别所检医用超声诊断源的探头,是十分重要的一环,本文详细地分析了常见医用超声诊断源探头的特点,以及识别医用超声诊断源探头的方法。     

Optimization of SAW-type Surface Wave Ultrasonic Sensors for Ultrasonic SHM

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) are particularly suited for effectively monitoring and characterizing a structure’s surfaces (condition of the surface, coating, thin layer, micro-cracks, etc.), and in some cases it is necessary to permanently keep the sensors on the structures to enable continuous monitoring. This article focuses on the optimization of SAW-type interdigital sensors (or IDT sensors for InterDigital Transducer) because they can largely address this issue. Initially, the ability of piezoelectric materials (lead zirconate titanate [PZT] and Niobate de lithium) to generate SAW is studied by modeling. Then a design of an IDT sensor is defined and optimized for the generation of SAW on a substrate. Parameters such as electrode’s periodicity, thickness of piezoelectric plate, and type of contact between the plate and the substrate, are studied. Finally, experimental results are compared with those obtained by modeling.     

Ultrasonic thermoelectric receivers

Summary The thermoelectric ultrasonic receivers used for measuring medium and large intensities have certain advantages as compared with other types of receivers. These advantages comprise the following: 1) the nonresonating character of the thermal receivers (the difference in sensitivity at various frequencies can be partly eliminated by using efficient absorbents, which include in the range of 1.5–4.5 Mc diacetate cellulose films); 2) considerable inertia which leads to an averaging of the intensity fluctuations due both to cavitation and turbulence of the acoustic flow; 3) the thermal receivers measure intensity, a quantity which in the majority of cases is of the greatest interest.Among the disadvantages of the thermal receivers should be cited: 1) a big time interval between measurements since receivers with good lagging have a large thermal relaxation time which lowers considerably the speed of measurement; 2) operating conditions for keyed working in liquids with different temperature conductivity coefficients must be fixed for each liquid separately.     

Ultrasonic Imaging in Hot Liquid Sodium Using a Plate-Type Ultrasonic Waveguide Sensor

This paper reports the first set of results from ultrasonic measurements for determining the imaging capability of a plate-type ultrasonic waveguide sensor in \(200\,^{\circ }\) C liquid sodium. This 10-m long plate-type waveguide sensor has been developed for viewing objects in opaque liquid sodium coolant for the applications in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (a next generation nuclear reactor). Various imaging capabilities of the waveguide sensor have already been demonstrated in water including ultrasonic beam steering, high resolution C-scan, and so on. However, water and liquid sodium have different acoustic properties and, more importantly, different wetting characteristics with stainless steel—the material for the waveguide sensor. For applications of the developed waveguide sensor in a real reactor environment, this research performs a set of necessary ultrasonic measurements in liquid sodium. The end section of the waveguide sensor which radiates an ultrasonic beam into the liquid sodium is coated with thin beryllium and nickel layers which can significantly improve the ultrasonic beam quality and wetting property of the stainless steel. A liquid sodium facility that consists of a glove box system, a sodium test tank, and an argon purification system has been built. The resolution and beam property are determined from ultrasonic C-scan experiments; a signal-to-noise ratio of over 10 dB and the resulting detection of a 1 mm wide slit can be achieved. The inherent issues associated with wetting of the waveguide sensor in liquid sodium are discussed based on the ultrasonic imaging results.     

超声波对锡铋合金电镀层的影响

将超声和电沉积相结合电镀了锡铋合金.通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层的表面形貌和结晶状态进行了表征,并用光栅光谱法对镀层成分进行了分析,研究了超声波功率对锡铋合金镀层的影响.结果表明:超声波的作用使镀层表面更细致均匀,结晶晶面仍具有以Sn(101)面为主的择优取向,镀层中锡和铋的含量增加,且铋的增加更为显著.超声波提高了镀层的表面性能和质量,加快了电沉积速度,并有利于铋的电沉积和合金的形成,而镀层的择优取向不变,仅择优系数略有降低.     

Imaging Hilbert-Transformed Ultrasonic Data

Automatic or semiautomatic ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation systems usually scan objects for defects by the B-scan or C-scan method. B-scan or C-scan images are used to evaluate the quality of the object. Complex ultrasonic images can be quickly and easily produced using the Hilbert transform method. Simultaneous real-time displays of the complex and C-scan images is also possible. Some characteristics of the echoes reflected from the defects do not show up clearly in C-scan images but can be easily observed in the complex ultrasonic images. Two specimens, one with a blind hole and the other with 16 blind holes, were scanned. The C-scan image and complex images were displayed simultaneously in order to compare the resolution of the images. The experimental results showed that the attributes of instantaneous amplitude can enhance the weak events, but the resolution of the image is apparently not improved. The advantage of the instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency attributes are that they are very sensitive to the boundaries of the holes. Though the images may look noisy, they really offer an opportunity to show the holes that C-scan image cannot.     

Ultrasonic densimeter for liquids

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 44–45, March, 1993.     

超声波流量计的应用

本文简要介绍超声波流量计的测量原理、结构与分类、特点，较具体地分析了其选型及安装注意事项。     

超声换能器检测方法的研究

超声检测技术广泛使用在无损检测领域中,而换能器是超声工程中极其重要的技术和分支领域。超声换能器是一种电声能量转换器件,是超声检测技术中的关键,直接影响无损检测结果的可靠性,本文阐述了超声换能器的原理和测量接触换能器的检测方法,分析了A型换能器脉冲回波灵敏度校准的不确定度。