Al掺杂浓度对Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2薄膜铁电性能的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积法(Pulsed laser deposition,PLD)在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备TiN/Al掺杂Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2/TiN的MIM(金属-绝缘体-金属)结构薄膜电容器.对Al掺杂浓度为0％ ～4％(摩尔分数)的Al:Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2薄膜的微观结构以及电学性能进行了研究,在此基础上,还研究了退火温度对Al:Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2薄膜的影响.测试结果表明,随着Al掺杂浓度的增大和退火温度的降低,四方相更加稳定,电滞回线更加细窄,剩余极化强度减小.退火温度为500℃时,掺杂浓度为1.03％(摩尔分数)的Al:Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2薄膜中将诱导出类似反铁电薄膜具有的双电滞回线特性,储能密度更高.分析结果表明,这些变化均是由于Al:Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2薄膜内四方相与正交相之间发生的场致可逆相变以及氧空位的再分布.     

5d过渡金属掺杂γ-TiAl合金的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,系统地研究了5d过渡金属在γ-TiAl合金中的占位及占位方式,获得了过渡金属掺杂合金体系的形成能、几何结构、电子结构及电荷布居值等参数.结果表明:5d过渡金属元素Hf、Ta和W优先占据γ-TiAl合金中的Ti位;Os、Ir、Pt、Au等优先占据Al位;Re则既有占据Ti位的可能,也有占据Al位的可能,但占据Al位的趋势略大.通过对不同元素掺杂体系的能带结构、态密度和电荷布居值的计算和分析,进一步验证了不同过渡金属元素在TiAl合金中的占位规律,解释了5d过渡金属掺杂对TiAl合金体系结构和性能的影响.     

GH742中γ′相和γ基体成分随时效时间和温度的变化规律研究

利用透射电镜能谱法(TEM-EDX)研究了GH742合金中γ′和γ基体两相成分随温度和时效时间的变化规律.结果表明:合金在1050℃时效时,γ′相和γ基体的成分在时效初期变化较大,当时效时间超过1440min后,γ′相和γ基体的成份基本稳定.合金在750～1100℃时效时,γ′相和γ基体的成分均随着温度的升高而发生变化,其中γ基体的成分随温度变化较明显.合金中各元素在γ′和γ两相中的偏析率Cγ′/ Cγ变化规律研究表明:Ti,Al,Nb,Ni等γ′形成元素的偏析率均随着时效温度的升高而降低,而Cr,Co,Mo等γ形成元素的偏析率均随着时效温度的升高而增大.     

GH6159合金成分−组织−性能关联研究

目的 研究不同成分GH6159合金冷拉态和热处理态显微组织的变化情况,分析不同成分对合金室温和高温拉伸性能的影响规律,为GH6159合金成分优化与性能提升提供理论指导。方法 基于MP159合金成分,设计熔炼了4种不同成分的GH6159合金,经锻造开坯和热轧,进行了拉伸率为48%的冷拉变形和663 ℃/4 h的时效热处理,分别制成冷拉态和热处理态GH6159棒材,采用MTS 8810拉伸实验机进行室温和595 ℃的高温拉伸测试,获得了不同成分合金冷拉态和热处理态的室温和595 ℃高温拉伸性能,结合OLYMPUS−PM3光学显微镜和Tescan Mira 3 XMU扫描电子显微镜观察了显微组织的变化情况。结果 GH6159冷拉态棒材内存在大量的变形孪晶,热处理态组织内析出了弥散分布的强化相,合金拉伸性能主要受到基体元素和强化相元素的影响。结论 较高含量的Co、Cr、Ni基体元素有利于提高冷拉态GH6159合金的室温和高温拉伸强度,而Al、Ti、Nb强化相元素会提高热处理态GH6159合金的室温拉伸强度,但过高的Ti元素会降低合金强度,一定含量的Al、Ti、Nb元素有利于提高冷拉态和热处理态合金的高温塑性。     

Ti含量对NiAl-Cr(Mo)共晶合金凝固组织的影响

添加Ti降低了NiAl-Cr(Mo)共晶合金凝固过程中NiAl/Cr(Mo)共晶生长速度,导致NiAl/Cr(Mo)胞状共晶组织的粗化,并因合金偏离共晶成分而促进先共晶NiAl相的形成.在添加Ti的NiAl-Cr(Mo)共晶合金中,Ti主要分布在基体NiAl相中.随着Ti含量的提高,过饱和的NiAl(Ti)基体发生分解,促进了Ni2AlTi相的形成,并且NiAl/Cr(Mo)胞状共晶组织发生退化.Ni-33Al-28Cr-3Mo-5Ti共晶合金的NiAl基体中析出细小的Cr(Mo)相,Cr(Mo)共晶相中析出细小的NiAl相.     

合金成分对定向凝固柱晶高温合金热裂倾向性的影响

为研究定向凝固柱晶高温合金薄壁铸件凝固过程的热裂纹形成倾向,采用定向凝固空心薄壁管状试样,考察了Ti,Zr,Hf,Al和B等元素对定向凝固柱晶高温合金热裂倾向性的影响;采用SEM、断口分析及DSC方法,分析了热裂的晶界宏观形态.结果表明:随着Ti含量的增加,γ/γ′共晶增多,尺寸增大,合金凝固温度范围变大,定向合金的热裂倾向性严重;Zr元素含量增加,促成共晶形成,合金出现热裂纹;Hf含量的变化对合金的热裂没有影响;Al,B含量增加,微观组织无明显变化,但合金凝固温度范围变大,导致定向凝固合金出现热裂.     

微量Hf对大角度晶界含Re双晶合金高温持久性能的影响

采用籽晶法制备含有大角度晶界(约20°)的双晶试板,通过分析不同Hf含量(质量分数:0%,0.4%)的含Re合金晶界处析出相、γ/γ′组织、晶界成分及1100℃/100MPa横向持久性能,研究Hf对晶界组织及高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:Hf显著提高了铸态合金大角度晶界处共晶和碳化物体积分数;热处理后,Hf显著抑制了晶界胞状再结晶组织的形成,含Hf合金的1100℃/100MPa横向持久寿命均显著提高。晶界持久性能与晶界析出相种类、形貌、含量和成分密切相关,而Hf元素在晶界未发现显著的偏聚。本研究对先进镍基单晶合金中晶界缺陷的评价及Hf元素晶界强化作用机制的认识具有一定的指导意义。     

热处理对Ti44Ni47Nb9合金的组织和MS点的影响

系统研究了热处理对Ti44Ni47Nb9合金热轧棒材的组织和相变温度的影响.结果表明,Ti44Ni47Nb9合金在750～950℃保温30 min淬火后,发生了回复和再结晶,合金由TiNi基体相、沿基体相晶界和亚晶界分布的β-Nb相以及少数(Ti,Nb)4Ni2O氧化物相组成;退火后在基体相晶界和晶内分布的β-Nb相颗粒明显增多,氧化物相的数量也增加;淬火并时效后,β-Nb主要分布在基体相的晶界处,氧化物含量稍有增加.氧化物的存在和β-Nb相的析出使退火或淬火并时效后样品基体相中的Ni/Ti比值增大.慢冷或淬火后时效降低了合金的Ms点,提高了马氏体相变的稳定性.     

掺Ti／Cu中间相碳合金作为润滑油添加剂的减摩抗磨性能

采用机械合金化法将金属Ti、Cu掺杂到煤焦油沥青碳质中间相中,制备出掺Ti／Cu中间相碳合金。利用XRD分析产物的晶体结构,并测试产物作为润滑油添加剂的减摩抗磨性能,用SEM观察摩损表面的形貌。结果表明：机械合金化掺杂金属Ti、Cu后,中间相碳合金的结晶有序度下降;中间相碳合金作为润滑油的添加剂具有良好的高温减摩抗磨性能,且随着栽荷的增大,其减摩抗磨性能更加显著。     

医用多孔NiTi合金表面微弧氧化改性研究

为解决多孔Ni Ti合金耐蚀性降低和Ni离子释放量增大而引起的使用安全性问题.本文采用微弧氧化技术对医用多孔Ni Ti合金进行表面改性处理,研究结果表明,微弧氧化处理并未改变多孔Ni Ti合金原有的孔隙结构和孔隙率,只在其外表面和孔隙内表面均形成了典型的微弧氧化多孔涂层.该涂层主要由氧化铝相组成,并含有少量的Ti和Ni元素,且外表面涂层的Ti和Ni含量要略低于孔隙内表面涂层.微弧氧化涂层提高了多孔Ni Ti合金的表面接触角,将原有的亲水表面转变成了疏水表面.经微弧处理后,多孔Ni Ti合金的耐蚀性较基体提高了1个数量级以上,Ni离子释放量也较基体降低了1个数量级以上.     

Effect of Thermal Oxidation on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the PVD Hf‐Coated Mg Alloy

Hafnium coatings are fabricated on magnesium alloys by magnetron sputtering and are further submitted to the thermal oxidation treatment at temperature of 200, 300, and 400 °C. The thin hafnium oxide film and new grain boundaries are observed on the hafnium coatings during the appropriate treatment temperature (300 °C). These changes in microstructure result in surface densification, oxidation, and low porosity of the treated coating that significantly decrease its susceptibility to corrosion. Consequently, the thermal oxidation treatment hafnium coating exhibits a more positive corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density, and higher polarization resistance than that of the as‐deposited coating using an electrochemical system. Moreover, the enhanced adhesion of the treated coating produced by applying an appropriate treatment temperature facilitates an efficient long‐term protection of magnesium alloy.

     

Designation and development of biomedical Ti alloys with finer biomechanical compatibility in long-term surgical implants

Developing the new titanium alloys with excellent biomechanical compatibility has been an important research direction of surgical implants materials. Present paper summarizes the international researches and developments of biomedical titanium alloys. Aiming at increasing the biomechanical compatibility, it also introduces the exploration and improvement of alloy designing, mechanical processing, microstructure and phase transformation, and finally outlines the directions for scientific research on the biomedical titanium alloys in the future.     

Application of High-Speed Laser Polarimetry to Noncontact Detection of Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys at High Temperatures

A high-speed laser polarimetry technique, developed recently for the measurement of normal spectral emissivity of materials at high temperatures, was used to detect solid–solid and solid–liquid phase transformations in metals and alloys in millisecond-resolution pulse-heating experiments. Experiments were performed where normal spectral emissivity at 633 nm was measured simultaneously with surface radiance temperature, resistance, and/or voltage drop across the specimen. It was observed that a phase transformation, as indicated either by an arrest in the specimen radiance temperature or changes in the resistance and/or voltage drop, generally caused a change in normal spectral emissivity. Experiments were conducted on cobalt, iron, hafnium, titanium, and zirconium to detect solid–solid phase transformations. Similar experiments were also performed on niobium, titanium, and the alloy 85titanium–15molybdenum (mass%) to detect solid–liquid phase transformations (melting).     

Effect of active metal coatings on the mechanical properties of silicon nitride-based ceramics

The effects of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and tantalum coatings on the mechanical properties of three silicon nitride ceramics were studied. The titanium coatings was found to cause a 50% decrease in the four-point bend strength of one of the silicon nitride ceramics while the effects of the zirconium, hafnium and tantalum coatings on all three silicon nitride ceramics were moderate. The reactions at a high temperature (940–980°C) between titanium and the grain-boundary glassy phase was the major cause for the degradation of the ceramic properties by the titanium coating. Residual tensile stress developed at the reaction interface replaced the glassy grain-boundary phase. Analytical electron microscopy showed the formation of a 180 nm thick Ti₅Si₃ layer and the crystallization of the amorphous grain-boundary phase. An indentation technique was used to measure qualitatively the residual stress developed at the reaction interface.     

Surface characteristics of hydroxyapatite/titanium composite layer on the Ti-35Ta-xZr surface by RF and DC sputtering

The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics of hydroxyapatite (HA)/titanium (Ti) composite layer on the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloy surface by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) sputtering for dental application. The magnetron sputtered deposition for the HA was performed in the RF mode and for the Ti in the DC mode. Microstructures of the alloys were examined by optical microscopy (OM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Surface characteristics of coated film was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), and XRD. Microstructures of the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys were changed from α″ phase to β phase, and changed from a needle-like structure to an equiaxed structure with increasing Zr content. From the results of polarization behavior in the Ti-35Ta-15Zr alloy, HA/Ti composite layer showed the good corrosion resistance compared to Ti single layer. The results of alternating current (AC) impedance test indicated that the presence of ha coating acted as a stable barrier in increasing the corrosion resistance.     

Calculation of the P–T phase diagram of hafnium

The FP-LMTO method is used to calculate the total energy and equilibrium lattice properties for the observed phases of hafnium (Hf). The temperature dependences of the Gibbs energy are found for these structures within the Debye model. A quantitative agreement with the experimental points of the P–T phase diagram is obtained.     

Microporosity reduction in modified RR2072 single crystal superalloys

Abstract

The effect of the addition of grain boundary strengthening elements (carbon, hafnium) on the microporosity of an experimental single crystal superalloy RR2072 has been investigated. Quantitative examination showed that the volume fraction of microporosity decreased in the alloys modified by these additions, and the reduction was associated with MC phase/carbon distribution and/or high hafnium content. Excessive carbon (i.e. >0.05 wt-%), however, did not reduce microporosity as efficiently as expected. Detailed analysis has revealed that carbon atoms, whether they stay in MC carbides or in the matrix as interstitial atoms, cause lattice expansion and thus reduce volume contraction during solidification. This mechanism is responsible for microporosity reduction in the carbon bearing alloys. Based on this mechanism of interstitial induced lattice expansion, theoretical calculation is consistent with experimental results. In the carbon and hafnium bearing material, however, high hafnium is another important reason for the reduction of microporosity.     

Low-temperature specific heat of Ti-Hf alloys

The effect of alloying on the specific heat of Ti-Hf alloys has been investigated in the temperature range 1.2–4.5 K. A maximum is observed in the electronic specific heat coefficient γ around 35 at % Ti and the Debye temperature θ _D decreases from titanium to hafnium. No superconductivity is found down to the lowest temperature studied.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiMnTix high-entropy alloys

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of titanium addition on the microstructure and properties of an equitaomic CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy. Homogenized microstructures of CoCrFeNiMnTi_x (x = 0.1 and 0.3) alloys consist of face-centered cubic phase; however, addition of more titanium led to formation of a (chromium, titanium)-rich σ phase in CoCrFeNiMnTi_0.4 alloy. The average electron hole number calculations indicate the higher possibility of σ phase formation by adding more titanium. Furthermore, addition of an atom like titanium with a larger atomic radius in comparison with other elements can affect stability of face-centered cubic structure. Chromium and manganese has a destabilizing influence on the single face-centered cubic phase and manganese may reject chromium to facilitate the formation of a (chromium, titanium)-rich phase in alloys containing more than 5.5 at.% titanium (x>0.3). The mechanical properties revealed an improvement in strength without losing the ductility drastically by adding titanium up to 5.5 at.% (x = 0.3). Nevertheless, the strength remarkably increased and ductility significantly decreased in CoCrFeNiMnTi_0.4 alloy due to formation of brittle σ phase in the microstructure.     

Dispersion/Solution Strengthening of Molybdenum at High Temperatures

Tensile properties of pure molybdenum, a molybdenum - 0.5 at % hafnium carbide, and a molybdenum - 5 at % rhenium - 0.5 at % hafnium carbide were evaluated with a strain rate of 10'Vsec over a temperature region of 1200 to 2400 K in ultrahigh vacuum. The yield strengths, tensile strengths, solution and dispersion strength increments, strain-hardening exponents, and tensile elongations of these materials were determined. The effects of rhenium, hafnium carbide, and temperature on the tensile properties of molybdenum were examined. The fine size and superior thermostability of hafnium carbide: dispersoids resulted in a strong pinning effect on dislocations at high temperatures. Dispersion strengthening by hafnium carbide particles was significant in the entire temperature range employed. Solution strengthening by rhenium was effective up to approximately 1800 K. The microstructures of the post-test molybdenum-base alloys were characterized with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. The dominant deformation mechanism of these alloys was found to be dislocation sliding up to 1800 K. and was grain-boundary sliding at higher temperatures. The dominant strengthening mechanisms involved in these alloys included the long-range and the short-range interactions between the hafnium carbide dispersoids and the dislocations.